UUÆ KviI KZÆeÅwePzÅwZi KviGY NwUZ AcGii ÞwZ RwbZ ˆ`Iqvwb
Aciva| AvBwb KZÆeÅ cvjGbi ˆÞGò AeGnjv ev KZÆeÅwePzÅwZi KviGY ‰aiGbi
ÞwZ NGU ^vGK| Pzwî×fGãi mGã ‰i ˆKvb mÁ·KÆ ˆbB| AeGnjv, AkvjxbZv, A‹ea
cÉGek, fzjekZ Kvivi‚«¬KiY ‰ aiGbi KvGRi `†Ó¡v¯¦| cGbi kZGK mvaviY AvBGbi
AvIZvq BsjÅvG´£i wePviKMY meÆcÉ^g UUÆ cÉwZweavGbi cGÞ ivq cÉ`vb KGib|
ò×gk eÅwî×MZ AwaKvi mÁ·GKÆ mGPZbZv e†w«¬i dGj UUÆ cÉwZKvGii RbÅ h^vh^
AvBb cÉYxZ nq| AcivaxGK AcivGa wbi‚rmvwnZ Kiv ‰es eÅwî×MZ I mÁ·wîi ÞqÞwZi
RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY Av`vq nGjv UUÆ AvBGbi DGókÅ| ‰B cÉwZKvi ˆKej ˆKvb eÅwî×i
wei‚G«¬B bq, ˆcŒimfv ev AvBbMZfvGe MwVZ ˆhGKvb msÕ©vi wei‚G«¬I cÉGhvRÅ|
ˆKvb eÅwî× Š`wnKfvGe ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGj ˆm ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv KiGZ cvGi ‰es ˆ`Iqvwb
Av`vjZ Avw^ÆK ÞwZcƒiGYi AvG`k w`GZ cGi| AeGnjv, Dc`Ëe, ˆÕ¼œQvq wg^Åv
weeiY cÉ`vb, A‹ea cÉGek, fzj Kvivew±`KiY, cÉeçbv ev gvbnvwb BZÅvw`i
RbÅI ‰me gvgjv nGZ cvGi|
AvBbmãZ
KvR wnGmGe knGii AveRÆbv I eRÆÅ AcmviGY XvKv wgDwbwmcvj KiGcvGikGbi
AeGnjv UUÆ RvZxq AbÅvq| Abyi…cfvGe ˆKvb wPwKrmK ˆivMxi wPwKrmvq AeGnjv
KiGj ‰es ˆmRbÅ ˆivMxi Õ¼vGÕ©Åi AebwZ NUGj wKsev ˆKvb DwKGji AeGnjvi
`i‚b gGØGji mÁ·wîi ÞwZ nGj ‰àwjI UUÆ eGj MYÅ nGe| NbemwZcƒYÆ knGi ev
AbÅò cG^NvGU gqjv ivLv A^ev UÅvbvwii welvî× wk͸eRÆÅ b`xGZ ˆdjv AcKGgÆi
bwRi| BœQvK‡ZfvGe KvDGK Drmvn hywMGq Zvi gvaÅGg AGbÅi ÞwZmvabI UUÆ wnmvGe
MYÅ nGe| KviI RwgGZ A‹ea cÉGekI UUÆ| wbGRi Rwgi dGji MvGQi Wvj AGbÅi
‰jvKvq SzGj ^vKGj A^ev ‰KRGbi Rwgi cvwb AGbÅi RwgGZ wMGq coGj wKsev
gvwjGKi BœQvi wei‚G«¬ ˆgqv`GkGl fvovwUqv evwoGZ ^vKGj Zv UUÆ nGe| ˆKvb
eÅwî× kwî×cÉGqvM ev fxwZcÉ`kÆb KGi A‹eafvGe AbÅ KviI PjvPGj evav m†wÓ¡
KiGj ˆm KvR wg^Åv Kvivew±`Z½ wnGmGe MYÅ nGe|
evsjvG`Gk
ài‚Zi `yNÆUbv AvBb 1855 eGj AbÅvq KvR, AeGnjv ev ò‚wURwbZ KviGY KviI
g†ZzÅ NUGj ÞwZMÉÕ¦ cÞ UUÆ RvZxq KvGRi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY `vwe KiGZ cvGi ‰es
g†GZi Õ¨x, Õ¼vgx, wcZv, gvZv I m¯¦vb ÞwZcƒiY jvf KiGZ cvGi| kÉwgK ÞwZcƒiY
AvBb 1923 AbymvGi gvwjGKi AeGnjvi KviGY ˆKvb kÉwgK AvnZ nGj gvwjK ÞwZcƒiY
w`GZ evaÅ| cwimxgv AvBGbi AvIZvq KviI RjcÉevGni Šea AwaKviniY ev cvwb
eÅenvGi cÉwZe®¬KZv m†wÓ¡ ev ˆKvb ÞwZ NUvGj cvwbGmP AvBb 1876 eGj Zvi
wei‚G«¬ ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| Abyi…cfvGe Pjvi c^ ev RjcG^ evav
m†wÓ¡i cÉwZKviKG͸ cwimxgv AvBGb ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv `vGqi Kiv hvq| ˆhGKvb
ÞwZmvab, A‹eafvGe KvhÆmÁ·v`b I KZÆeÅPzÅwZi RbÅI ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv Kiv
PGj| K‡wl I Õ¼vÕ©Å-welqK AvBb 1920 ‰i AaxGb AwaM†nxZ bq ‰gb Rwgi AwaKvi
‰es grmPvl, cvwb wbÓ•vkb, cvwb eÅenvi, mÁ·wîi AbÅvbÅ AwaKvi eÅvnZ nGj
ˆmGÞGò ‰ AvBGbi AvIZvq ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv i‚Ryi AeKvk iGqGQ| wewbw`ÆÓ¡
òvY AvBb 1877 AbymvGi Acivaxi wei‚G«¬ weGkl ÞwZi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY I Õ©wMZvG`Gki
gvgjv Kiv hvq|
evsjvG`Gk
UUÆ RvZxq KvGRi (KZÆeÅPzÅwZ) RbÅ wbGÁ²vî× KGqKwU AvBGbi AvIZvq AvBbMZ
eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv hvq: (1) ài‚Zi `yNÆUbv AvBb, 1855; (2) ˆmP AvBb, 1876;
(3) wewbw`ÆÓ¡ òvY AvBb, 1877; (4) myLvwaKvi AvBb 1882; (5) K‡wl I Õ¼vÕ©iÞv
D®²qb AvBb, 1920; (6) gwnjvG`i ÞwZcƒiY AvBb, 1923; (7) XvKv wgDwbwmcÅvj
KiGcvGikb AaÅvG`k, 1983| [‰.‰g gvngy`yi ingvb]