UUÆ  KviI KZÆeÅwePzÅwZi KviGY NwUZ AcGii ÞwZ RwbZ ˆ`Iqvwb Aciva| AvBwb KZÆeÅ cvjGbi ˆÞGò AeGnjv ev KZÆeÅwePzÅwZi KviGY ‰aiGbi ÞwZ NGU ^vGK| Pzwî×fGãi mGã ‰i ˆKvb mÁ·KÆ ˆbB| AeGnjv, AkvjxbZv, A‹ea cÉGek, fzjekZ Kvivi‚«¬KiY ‰ aiGbi KvGRi `†Ó¡v¯¦| cGbi kZGK mvaviY AvBGbi AvIZvq BsjÅvG´£i wePviKMY meÆcÉ^g UUÆ cÉwZweavGbi cGÞ ivq cÉ`vb KGib| ò×gk eÅwî×MZ AwaKvi mÁ·GKÆ mGPZbZv e†w«¬i dGj UUÆ cÉwZKvGii RbÅ h^vh^ AvBb cÉYxZ nq| AcivaxGK AcivGa wbi‚rmvwnZ Kiv ‰es eÅwî×MZ I mÁ·wîi ÞqÞwZi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY Av`vq nGjv UUÆ AvBGbi DGókÅ| ‰B cÉwZKvi ˆKej ˆKvb eÅwî×i wei‚G«¬B bq, ˆcŒimfv ev AvBbMZfvGe MwVZ ˆhGKvb msÕ©vi wei‚G«¬I cÉGhvRÅ| ˆKvb eÅwî× Š`wnKfvGe ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nGj ˆm ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv KiGZ cvGi ‰es ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjZ Avw^ÆK ÞwZcƒiGYi AvG`k w`GZ cGi| AeGnjv, Dc`Ëe, ˆÕ¼œQvq wg^Åv weeiY cÉ`vb, A‹ea cÉGek, fzj Kvivew±`KiY, cÉeçbv ev gvbnvwb BZÅvw`i RbÅI ‰me gvgjv nGZ cvGi|

AvBbmãZ KvR wnGmGe knGii AveRÆbv I eRÆÅ AcmviGY XvKv wgDwbwmcvj KiGcvGikGbi AeGnjv UUÆ RvZxq AbÅvq| Abyi…cfvGe ˆKvb wPwKrmK ˆivMxi wPwKrmvq AeGnjv KiGj ‰es ˆmRbÅ ˆivMxi Õ¼vGÕ©Åi AebwZ NUGj wKsev ˆKvb DwKGji AeGnjvi `i‚b gGØGji mÁ·wîi ÞwZ nGj ‰àwjI UUÆ eGj MYÅ nGe| NbemwZcƒYÆ knGi ev AbÅò cG^NvGU gqjv ivLv A^ev UÅvbvwii welvî× wk͸eRÆÅ b`xGZ ˆdjv AcKGgÆi bwRi| BœQvK‡ZfvGe KvDGK Drmvn hywMGq Zvi gvaÅGg AGbÅi ÞwZmvabI UUÆ wnmvGe MYÅ nGe| KviI RwgGZ A‹ea cÉGekI UUÆ| wbGRi Rwgi dGji MvGQi Wvj AGbÅi ‰jvKvq SzGj ^vKGj A^ev ‰KRGbi Rwgi cvwb AGbÅi RwgGZ wMGq coGj wKsev gvwjGKi BœQvi wei‚G«¬ ˆgqv`GkGl fvovwUqv evwoGZ ^vKGj Zv UUÆ nGe| ˆKvb eÅwî× kwî×cÉGqvM ev fxwZcÉ`kÆb KGi A‹eafvGe AbÅ KviI PjvPGj evav m†wÓ¡ KiGj ˆm KvR wg^Åv Kvivew±`Z½ wnGmGe MYÅ nGe|

evsjvG`Gk ài‚Zi `yNÆUbv AvBb 1855 eGj AbÅvq KvR, AeGnjv ev ò‚wURwbZ KviGY KviI g†ZzÅ NUGj ÞwZMÉÕ¦ cÞ UUÆ RvZxq KvGRi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY `vwe KiGZ cvGi ‰es g†GZi Õ¨x, Õ¼vgx, wcZv, gvZv I m¯¦vb ÞwZcƒiY jvf KiGZ cvGi| kÉwgK ÞwZcƒiY AvBb 1923 AbymvGi gvwjGKi AeGnjvi KviGY ˆKvb kÉwgK AvnZ nGj gvwjK ÞwZcƒiY w`GZ evaÅ| cwimxgv AvBGbi AvIZvq KviI RjcÉevGni Šea AwaKviniY ev cvwb eÅenvGi cÉwZe®¬KZv m†wÓ¡ ev ˆKvb ÞwZ NUvGj cvwbGmP AvBb 1876 eGj Zvi wei‚G«¬ ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| Abyi…cfvGe Pjvi c^ ev RjcG^ evav m†wÓ¡i cÉwZKviKG͸ cwimxgv AvBGb ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv `vGqi Kiv hvq| ˆhGKvb ÞwZmvab, A‹eafvGe KvhÆmÁ·v`b I KZÆeÅPzÅwZi RbÅI ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv Kiv PGj| K‡wl I Õ¼vÕ©Å-welqK AvBb 1920 ‰i AaxGb AwaM†nxZ bq ‰gb Rwgi AwaKvi ‰es grmPvl, cvwb wbÓ•vkb, cvwb eÅenvi, mÁ·wîi AbÅvbÅ AwaKvi eÅvnZ nGj ˆmGÞGò ‰ AvBGbi AvIZvq ÞwZcƒiGYi gvgjv i‚Ryi AeKvk iGqGQ| wewbw`ÆÓ¡ òvY AvBb 1877 AbymvGi Acivaxi wei‚G«¬ weGkl ÞwZi RbÅ ÞwZcƒiY I Õ©wMZvG`Gki gvgjv Kiv hvq|

evsjvG`Gk UUÆ RvZxq KvGRi (KZÆeÅPzÅwZ) RbÅ wbGÁ²vî× KGqKwU AvBGbi AvIZvq AvBbMZ eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv hvq: (1) ài‚Zi `yNÆUbv AvBb, 1855; (2) ˆmP AvBb, 1876; (3) wewbw`ÆÓ¡ òvY AvBb, 1877; (4) myLvwaKvi AvBb 1882; (5) K‡wl I Õ¼vÕ©iÞv D®²qb AvBb, 1920; (6) gwnjvG`i ÞwZcƒiY AvBb, 1923; (7) XvKv wgDwbwmcÅvj KiGcvGikb AaÅvG`k, 1983|  [‰.‰g gvngy`yi ingvb]