RmxgD`&`xb (1903-1976)  Kwe I wkÞvwe`| 1903 mvGji 1 Rvbyqvwi dwi`cyi ˆRjvi ZvÁ¼yjLvbv MÉvGg gvZzjvjGq Zuvi R¯Ã| ŠcZ‡K wbevm ‰KB ˆRjvi ˆMvwe±`cyi MÉvGg| wcZv AvbmviDóxb ˆgvÍÏv wQGjb ‰KRb Õ•zj wkÞK| ŠkkGe dwi`cyi wn‹Zlx Õ•zGj RmxgD`&`xGbi cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK wkÞv ÷i‚ nq| Zvici dwi`cyi ˆRjv Õ•zj ˆ^GK cÉGewkKv (1921), ivGR±`Ê KGjR ˆ^GK AvB.‰ (1924) I we.‰ (1929) ‰es KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK evsjv fvlv I mvwnGZÅ wZwb ‰g.‰ (1931) cvm KGib|

RmxgD`&`xGbi KgÆRxeb ÷i‚ nq cÍÏxmvwnGZÅi msMÉvnK wnGmGe| Õ²vZGKvîi ˆkÉYxGZ AaÅqbKvGj `xGbkP±`Ê ˆmGbi AvbyK„GjÅ KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq KZƆK ‰ KvGR wZwb wbhyî× nb| ‰g.‰ cvm Kivi ci ˆ^GK 1937 mvj chƯ¦ wZwb Dî× wek¼we`ÅvjGq `xGbkP±`Ê ˆmGbi AaxGb ivgZby jvwnox MGelYv mnKvix wQGjb| 1938 mvGj wZwb XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi evsjv wefvGM ˆjKPvivi cG` ˆhvM`vb KGib| ‰LvGb 1943 mvj chƯ¦ PvKwi Kivi ci 1944 mvj ˆ^GK wZwb cÉ^Gg eãxq cÉvG`wkK miKvi ‰es cGi cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb miKvGii cÉPvi wefvGMi KgÆKZÆv wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib| 1962 mvGj ‰Lvb ˆ^GK ˆWcywU WvBGiÙi wnGmGe Aemi MÉnY KGi wZwb XvKvi KgjvcyGi wbR evwoGZ Õ©vwqfvGe emevm KGib|

RmxgD`&`xb

RmxgD`&`xGbi KweZ½ kwî×i cÉKvk NGU QvòRxeGbB| ZLb ˆ^GKB wZwb Zuvi KweZvq cÍÏx-cÉK‡wZ I cÍÏxRxeGbi mnR-my±`i i…cwU ZzGj aGib| cÍÏxi gvwU I gvbyGli mGã Zuvi AwÕ¦Z½ ˆhb wgGjwgGk ‰K nGq wMGqwQj| KGjRRxeGb ‘Kei’ KweZv iPbv KGi wZwb wecyj LÅvwZ ARÆb KGib| wek¼we`ÅvjGq AaÅqbKvGjB Zuvi ‰ KweZvwU cÉGewkKv evsjv msKjGbi A¯¦fÆyî× nq| Kwe wnGmGe ‰wU Zuvi ‰K AmvgvbÅ mvdjÅ|

RmxgD`&`xb mvwnGZÅi bvbv kvLvq KvR KGiGQb, ˆhgb Mv^vKveÅ, LíKveÅ, bvUK, ÕÆwZK^v, wk÷mvwnZÅ , M͸-DcbÅvm BZÅvw`| Zuvi cÉ^g KveÅMɯ© ivLvjx cÉKvwkZ nq 1927 mvGj| Zuvi cÉavb Mɯ©àwj nGjv: bÝx Kuv^vi gvV (1929), ˆmvRb evw`qvi NvU (1933), iwOjv bvGqi gvwS (1935), gvwUi Kv®²v (1951), myPqbx (1961), c«Âv b`xi ˆ`Gk (1969), fqven ˆmB w`bàwjGZ (1972), c«Âvcvi (1950), ˆeG`i ˆgGq (1951), cÍÏxeaƒ (1956), MÉvGgi gvqv (1959), VvKzi evwoi AvwObvq (1961), RvgÆvbxi knGi e±`Gi (1975), ÕÃiGYi miYx evwn (1978), evOvjxi nvwmi M͸, Wvwjg Kzgvi BZÅvw`| Zuvi iwPZ evãvjxi nvwmi M͸ (`yB Lí, 1960 I 1964) I ˆevev Kvwnbx (1964) DcbÅvmwU myLcvVÅ|

RmxgD`&`xb RvixMvb (1968) I gykÆx`v Mvb (1977) bvGg ˆjvKmãxGZi `yLvwb Mɯ© msKjb I mÁ·v`bv KGib| 1968 mvGj Zuvi mÁ·v`bvq ˆK±`Êxq evOjv D®²qb ˆevWÆ KZ‡ÆK cÉKvwkZ nq RvixMvb| Rvwi Mvb ‰Kv¯¦fvGeB evsjvG`Gki wbRÕ¼ m†wÓ¡| ‰ MÉG¯© Rvwi MvGbi ˆgvU 23wU cvjv msKwjZ nGqGQ| MÉG¯©i f„wgKvq RmxgD`&`xb Rvwi MvGbi Drm ‰es wewf®² ‰jvKvi Rvwi MvGbi ŠewkÓ¡Å ZzGj aGib| w«¼Zxq Mɯ©wU Zuvi g†ZzÅi cGi cÉKvwkZ nq|

Zuvi bÝx Kuv^vi gvV KveÅwU w` wdΣ Ae ‰geËqWvWÆ KzBΟ ‰es evOvjxi nvwmi M͸  Mɯ©wU ˆdvK ˆUj&m Ae BÓ¡ cvwKÕ¦vb bvGg BsGiwRGZ Abƒw`Z nGqGQ| evsjv KweZvi avivq RmxgD`&`xGbi Õ©vbwU wewkÓ¡| Zuvi KweZv AbvoÁ¼i wK¯§ i…cgq| MÉvgevsjvi HwZnÅ I ˆjvKRxeb RmxgD`&`xGbi KweZvq bZzb i…c jvf KGiGQ| evsjvG`Gki gvbyGli myL-`ytL, nvwmKv®²v I Rxeb msMÉvGgi KvwnbxB Zuvi KweZvi cÉavb DcRxeÅ| Zuvi KweZvq ˆ`Gki gvwUi mvÞvr Dcjwº¬ NGU| ‰RbÅ ‘cÍÏxKwe’ wnGmGe Zuvi weGkl I Õ¼Z¯¨ cwiwPZ iGqGQ| Zuvi M`Å iPbvI weGkl AvKlÆYxq; mij, mim, Mfxi I Av¯¦wiKZvi Õ·GkÆ Zv gb QyuGq hvq|

RmxgD`&`xb wQGjb cÉMwZkxj I AmvÁ·É`vwqK ˆPZbvi AwaKvix ‰es ‰ aiGbi mvsÕ•‡wZK AvG±`vjGbi AbÅZg cyGivav| ‰i…c gvbwmKZvi KviGYB lvGUi `kGK cvwKÕ¦vb miKvi ˆiwWI I ˆUwjwfkb ˆ^GK iex±`ÊmãxZ cÉPvi eG®¬i DG`ÅvM wbGj AGbGKi gGZv wZwbI ‰i ZxeË cÉwZev` Rvbvb| wZwb evOvwji RvwZmîv weKvGki AvG±`vjb (1966-1971) ‰es mgvRZvw¯¨K mgvReÅeÕ©vi ‰KRb `†p mg^ÆK wQGjb|

RmxgD`&`xb evsjv mvwnGZÅi ‰KRb weGkl mÁÃvwbZ I eü cyiÕ•vGi cyiÕ•‡Z Kwe| wZwb ˆcÉwmGWG´Ÿi cÉvBW Ae cvidiGg´Ö cyiÕ•vi (1958), iex±`ÊfviZx wek¼we`ÅvjGqi mÁÃvbmƒPK WÙi Ae wjUvGiPvi wWwMÉ (1969), evsjvG`k miKvGii ‰KzGk c`K (1976) I Õ¼vaxbZv w`em cyiÕ•vGi (giGYvîi, 1978) f„wlZ nb| wZwb 1974 mvGj evsjv ‰KvGWgx cyiÕ•vGii RbÅI gGbvbxZ nGqwQGjb, wK¯§ Zv cÉZÅvLÅvb KGib| 1976 mvGji 13 gvPÆ wZwb XvKvq g†ZzÅeiY KGib ‰es Zuvi giG`n Õ¼MÉvGg mgvwnZ nq| 

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