চদ বংশ

P±`Ê esk `kg kZvõxi ÷i‚ ˆ^GK cÉvq ˆ`okZ eQi `wÞY-cƒeÆ evsjv ( eã I mgZU ) kvmb KGi| ‰ esGki KGqKRb kvmGKi KGqKwU ZvgËkvmb AvweÓ•‡Z nIqvq eZÆgvGb ‰uG`i eskvbyò×wgK BwZnvm cybMÆVb Kiv mÁ¿e nGqGQ| ‰KB mGã evsjvi `wÞY-cƒeÆ AsGki BwZnvmI nGqGQ hG^Ó¡ AvGjvwKZ hv AvR ˆ^GK cÉvq 50 eQi AvGMI ˆek AÕ·Ó¡ wQj| ZLb ‰ esGki ˆKej ‰KRb kvmGKi bvgB (kÉxP±`Ê) Rvbv ˆhZ| Dîi I cwøg evsjv ‰es wenvGi hLb cvjMY kvmb KiwQGjb ZLb cuvP cyi‚l aGi eã I mgZGU P±`Ê esGki ˆh kvmb AeÅvnZ wQj ˆm mÁ·GKÆ eZÆgvGb cÉvµ¦ wjwc Drmàwj ˆ^GK myÕ·Ó¡ Z^Å cvIqv ˆMGQ| P±`ÊG`i AaxGb evsjvi `wÞY-cƒeÆ AsGki c†^K ivR‹bwZK mî½vi AwÕ¦Z½ cÉvPxb evsjvi BwZnvGm eZÆgvGb `†pfvGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z|

cƒYÆP±`Ê ‰es myeYÆP±`Ê nwiGKj ivRvi AaxGb ˆivwnZvwMwii (mÁ¿eZ jvjgvB Açj) mvg¯¦ wQGjb| myeYÆPG±`Êi cyò ŠòGjvKÅP±`Ê (AvbygvwbK 900-930 wLË.) wQGjb ‰ esGki cÉ^g Õ¼vaxb ivRv| wZwb mgZGU esGki mveÆGfŒg ÞgZv cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ˆ`eceÆZ wQj ZvG`i ÞgZvi ˆK±`ÊÕ©j| eGãi Ask weGkl ‰es P±`Ê«¼xGci Dci wZwb axGi axGi Zuvi ÞgZvi weÕ¦vi NUvb ‰es ‘gnvivRvwaivR’ Dcvwa MÉnY KGib| jonPG±`Êi gqbvgZx ZvgËkvmGbi ‰KwU ˆkÏvGK ejv nGqGQ ˆh, ŠòGjvKÅPG±`Êi AaxGb eGãi DîGivîi mg†w«¬ NGU| mgZGU ŠòGjvKÅPG±`Êi cÉvavbÅ cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq Lye mÁ¿eZ cwøg I Dîi evsjvq cvj mvgËvGRÅi AfÅ¯¦Gi KvGÁ¼vRG`i DïvGbi mgmvgwqKKvGj| ŠòGjvKÅPG±`Êi cyò I DîivwaKvix kÉxPG±`Êi (AvbygvwbK 930-975 wLË.) kvmbKvGj P±`Ê ivGRÅi cÉkvmwbK ˆK±`Ê Õ©vwcZ nq eGãi weò×gcyGi|

kÉxP±`Ê wQGjb P±`Ê ivResGki mePvBGZ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ivRv| wZwb `xNÆ 45 eQi ˆkŒhÆ-exhÆ I mvdGjÅi mGã ivRZ½ KGib| mgMÉ eã Açj ‰es Dîi-cƒGeÆ Kvgi…c chÆ¯¦ P±`ÊG`i ÞgZv mÁcÉmviGYi K‡wZZ½ kÉxPG±`Êi| ˆgŒjfxevRvi ˆRjvi cwøgfvM MÉvGg cÉvµ¦ Zuvi ‰KwU ZvgËkvmGb Kvgi…c Awfhvb mÁ·GKÆ Z^Å iGqGQ| ‰KB ZvgËkvmGb Zuvi DG`ÅvGM wmGjU ‰jvKvq wecyj msLÅK eËvþGYi emwZ Õ©vcGbi K^v Rvbv hvq| wZwb ˆMŒoG`i wei‚G«¬I AÕ¨aviY KGib (Lye mÁ¿eZ KvGÁ¼vR ˆMŒocwZ ev cvjG`i wei‚G«¬)| w«¼Zxq ˆMvcvj ‰i mgq cvjG`i ÞgZv iÞvKGÍ¸ wZwb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv ˆbb (cwøgfvM ZvgËkvmGbi ‰KwU ˆkÏvGK w«¼Zxq ˆMvcvjGK ‘ˆMvcvj-msGivcGY gGnvrmeài‚’ DGÍÏL Kiv nGqGQ)| f„wg`vb mÁ·wKÆZ Zuvi 6wU ZvgËkvmb ‰es Zuvi DîivwaKvixG`i ZvgËkvmGb kÉxP±`Ê mÁ·GKÆ ˆh Z^Å cvIqv hvq Zv ˆ^GK myÕ·Ó¡fvGe cÉgvwYZ nq ˆh eã I mgZGUi weÕ¦xYÆ ‰jvKvq Zuvi kvmb cÉwZwÓ¤Z wQj|

kÉxPG±`Êi cyò I DîivwaKvix KjÅvYPG±`Êi (AvbygvwbK 975-1000 wLË.) gvò 1wU ZvgËkvmb ‰ chÆ¯¦ AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ| KjÅvYPG±`Êi DîivwaKvixMGYi ZvgËkvmbmgƒn ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq, Kvgi…c ‰es ˆMŒo-‰ wZwb ÞgZv cÉ`kÆb KGiwQGjb| Dîi I cwøg evsjvq KvGÁ¼vRG`i cÉwZ wZwb mÁ¿eZ ˆkl AvNvZwU KGib ‰es cÉ^g gnxcvj i AaxGb cvj mvgËvRÅ cybi‚«¬vGi mvnvhÅ KGib| Zuvi `yRb DîivwaKvix h^vò×Gg cyò jonP±`Ê (AvbygvwbK 1000-1020 wLË.) ‰es ˆcŒò ˆMvwe±`P±`Ê (AvbygvwbK 1020-1050 wLË.) ivGRÅi ˆMŒie AeÅvnZ ivGLb| Abym†Z D`vibxwZi KviGY ZvG`iGK cÉksmv Kiv nq|

‰ chÆ¯¦ Rvbv gGZ, ˆMvwe±`P±`Ê wQGjb P±`Ê esGki ˆkl ivRv| wZi‚gyjvB wjwcGZ DwÍÏwLZ nGqGQ ˆh, Zuvi mgGq eãvjG`k, e†wÓ¡ ˆhLvGb KLbI ^vGg bv, ˆPvjG`i AwfhvGb chÆy`Õ¦ nq (1021-1024 wLËÓ¡vGõi gGaÅ)| mÁ¿eZ ˆMvwe±`P±`Ê A^ev Zuvi DîivwaKvix (bvg Rvbv hvq bv) KjPzwi ivRv KYÆ KZÆ†K (1048-49 wLËÓ¡vGõi AvGM ˆKvb ‰K mgq) Avò×v¯¦ nGqwQGjb| ‰ Awfhvb P±`ÊG`i cZGbi RbÅ mÁ¿eZ hG^Ó¡ `vqx wQj|

P±`ÊMY wQGjb ˆeŒ«¬ agÆvejÁ¼x| ZuvG`i nvGZB gqbvgZx ‰es jvjgvB ‰jvKvq ˆeŒ«¬G`i mvsÕ•‡wZK KgÆKví bZzb kwî× jvf KGi| wK¯§ P±`ÊMY D`vi agÆxq bxwZ AbymiY KGiwQGjb eGjB gGb nq| wmGjU AçGj kÉxP±`Ê eËvþYÅ aGgÆi c†Ó¤GcvlKZv KGib| ˆkl `yRb P±`ÊivRviI Šeúe aGgÆi cÉwZ cÉej ˆSuvK wQj| [Ave`yj gwgb ˆPŒayix]