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evsjvi BwZnvm ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq, AvR ˆ^GK cÉvq wZb nvRvi eQi cƒGeÆ ‰ AçGj cÉ^g ˆmP Lvj Lbb Kiv nGqwQj| ˆmmgq ˆ^GK AvR chƯ¦ ˆ`Gki meÆò ˆmP ‰es wbÓ•vkGbi cÉGqvRGb Lvj Lbb Kiv nGq AvmGQ| evsjvG`k cvwb D®²qb ˆevWÆ -‰i KZƆZ½ I eÅeÕ©vcbvq eZÆgvGb ˆ`Gki wewf®² Õ©vGb wewf®² ˆmP cÉKG͸i AvIZvq cwiKw͸Z Lvj ˆbUIqvKÆ MGo DGVGQ| D`vniYÕ¼i…c: Mãv-KGcvZvÞ ˆmP cÉK͸ , ˆgNbv-abvGMv`v ˆmP cÉK͸, wZÕ¦v cÉK͸, gyüix ˆmP cÉK͸ cÉf‡wZi bvg DGÍÏL Kiv hvq| cÉGqvRb Abyhvqx Avevi wewf®² LvGj ˆiàGjUi, RjKcvU, grmÅ hvZvqvGZi c^ cÉf‡wZ wbgÆvY Kiv nGqGQ|

KGqKwU ˆQvU ˆQvU mwcÆjvK‡wZ b`x ˆhgb: mvãy, ˆMvgZx cÉf‡wZi euvK msGhvRK Lvjmgƒn (loop cuts) evsjvG`Gki ˆbŒPjvPj LvGji D`vniY wnGmGe weGewPZ| gv`vixcyi weGji gaÅ w`Gq Avwoqvj Lvu, cyivZb Kzgvi ‰es gaygwZ b`xi gGaÅ msGhvM Õ©vcGbi jGÞÅ 1899 ˆ^GK 1914 mvGji gGaÅ gv`vixcyi wej i‚U Lbb Kiv nq| ‰B i‚U Lbb Kivi dGj Lyjbvi mGã XvKv I bvivqYMGéi gGaÅ msGhvM Õ©vcbKvix ‰KwU bZzb ˆbŒc^ D¯Ãyî× nq| wKQy wKQy Õ©vGb wbwgÆZ Zxi iÞv myweav eÅZxZ evsjvG`Gki mKj ˆbŒPjvPj LvGji Zxi fvObcÉeY|  [‰BP.‰m ˆgvRvóv` dvi‚K]