LvRv mwjgyÍÏvn (1871-1915)  XvKvi bIqve, ivRbxwZwe`, wkÞvbyivMx I mgvR ˆmeK| XvKvi Avnmvb gwéGj 1871 mvGji 7 Ryb wZwb R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| Zuvi wcZv ‰es wcZvgGni bvg h^vò×Gg bIqve mÅvi LvRv AvnmvbyÍÏvn I bIqve mÅvi LvRv Avõyj MwY |

cvwievwiK cÉ^vbyhvqx LvRv mwjgyÍÏvn M†nwkÞGKi wbKU D`yÆ, Aviwe, dviwm I BsGiwR wkÞv MÉnY KGib| evjÅKvj ˆ^GKB AvwfRvGZÅi cÉvPxi wWwãGq wZwb me ˆkÉYxi gvbyGli mvG^ wgkGZ ÷i‚ KGib| 1893 mvGj wZwb ˆWcywU gÅvwRGÕ¡ËGUi PvKwi ˆbb| 1895 mvGj PvKwi ZÅvM KGi mwjgyÍÏvn gqgbwmsGn eÅemv ÷i‚ KGib| 1901 mvGj wcZvi g†ZzÅi ci RxweZ ˆRÅÓ¤ cyò wnGmGe wZwb bIqvwe c`mn cvwievwiK KZ‡ÆZ½ jvf KGib|

KgÆRxeGbi cÉ^gw`GK mwjgyÍÏvn XvKvq Šbk Õ•zj Õ©vcb, cçvGqZ cÉ^vi D®²qb, gxjv`y®²ex I dvGZnv-B-G`vqvR `vnvg RbwcÉq-KiY cÉf‡wZ mgvR D®²qbgƒjK KvR KGib| 1903-4 mvGj BsGiR miKvGii eã wefvM cwiK͸bvi Ici gZvgZ w`GZ wMGq bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn ivRbxwZGZ RwoGq cGob| wZwb 1904 mvGji 11 Rvbyqvwi cƒeÆeGãi wn±`y-gymwjg ˆbZ‡e†±`GK wbGq Avnmvb gwéGj ‰K mfv KGi miKvGii eãwefvM cwiK͸bvi wKQy welq weGivwaZv KGib| wZwb cƒeÆeGãi AwaevmxG`i myweavG^Æ XvKvq ivRavbx KGi e†nîi cÉG`k MVGbi ‰K weK͸ cÉÕ¦veI ˆ`b| fvBmiq jWÆ KvRÆb cƒeÆeã mdGi ‰Gm 1904 mvGji 18-19 ˆdeË‚qvwi XvKvq bIqve mwjgyÍÏvni AvwZ^Å MÉnY KGib| H mgq ZuvG`i gGaÅ AvGjvPbvi dGj eã wefvM cwiK͸bvq wKQy cwieZÆb NGU| ‰ici 1905 mvGji 16 AGÙvei eã wefvM KvhÆKi nGj XvKv bZzb cÉG`Gki ivRavbx nq| ‰GZ bIqve mwjgyÍÏvni ghÆv`v ˆeGo hvq| KsGMÉGmi weGivwaZvi gyGL eã wefvM wUwKGq ivLvi cGÞ RbgZ msMwVZ Kivi eÅvcvGi wZwb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGib|

LvRv mwjgyÍÏvn

bZzb cÉG`k cÉwZÓ¤vi w`GbB Zuvi mfvcwZGZ½ XvKvi b^ÆeË‚K nGj cƒeÆeGãi ˆbZ‡Õ©vbxq gymjgvbG`i mg¯¼Gq ‰KwU mfv AbywÓ¤Z nq| ‰ mfv ˆ^GK MwVZ nq ‘ˆgvnvGgWvb cÉwfw´Öqvj BDwbqb’ bvGg ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK mwgwZ| ZrKvjxb mgGq ‰ mwgwZ evOvwj gymjgvbG`i ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ivR‹bwZK µÏvUdig wnGmGe KvR KGi| mwjgyÍÏvn Zuvi mnGhvMxG`i wbGq ˆ`Gki wewf®² gdÕ¼j knGi mfv KGi bZzb cÉG`Gki AbyK„Gj RbgZ m†wÓ¡ KGib| AbÅw`GK KsGMÉm ‰i weGivwaZvq AvG±`vjb MGo ˆZvGj| 1906 mvGj bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn ‘cƒeÆeã I Avmvg cÉvG`wkK wkÞv mwgwZ’ MVb KGib ‰es ‰KB mvGji 14 I 15 ‰wcÉj XvKvi kvnevGM AbywÓ¤Z mwgwZi cÉ^g AwaGekGb wZwb ‰i mfvcwZ wbeÆvwPZ nb|

1906 mvGj bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn ‘gymwjg Aj Bw´£qv KbGdWvGiwm’ bvGg ‰KwU meÆfviZxq ivR‹bwZK `j MVGbi cwiK͸bv MÉnY KGib| Zuvi cwiK͸bvwU weGePbvi RbÅ DcgnvG`Gki wewf®² ˆbZv I mwgwZi wbKU ˆcÉiY ‰es cò-cwòKvq cÉKvk Kiv nq| AbÅw`GK AvjxMo AvG±`vjGbi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡ ˆbZvG`i AbyGiva KGi ‘wbwLj fviZ gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZ’ (Aj Bw´£qv ˆgvnvGgWvb ‰WzGKkbvj KbdvGi´Ö)-‰i 20Zg AwaGekb wZwb mÁ·ƒYÆ wbR eÅGq XvKvq AvGqvRGbi eÅeÕ©v KGib| 1906 mvGji 27 ˆ^GK 30 wWGmÁ¼i bIqvGei kvnevMÕ© cvwievwiK evMvb-evwoGZ meÆfviZxq gymwjg ˆbZ‡e†±`mn cÉvq `yB mnmËvwaK myax ˆhvM ˆ`b| ‰GZ Zuvi Qq jÞvwaK UvKv eÅq nq| Dî× AwaGekGbi ˆkl w`b 30 wWGmÁ¼i bIqve mwjgyÍÏvni cÉÕ¦vebvq ‘Aj Bw´£qv gymwjg jxM’ MwVZ nq| wZwb ‰i mn-mfvcwZ ‰es MVbZ¯¨ ŠZwi KwgwUi m`mÅ gGbvbxZ nb| 1907 mvGj bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn msMVGbi kvLv Õ©vcGbi DGóGkÅ XvKv, ivRkvnx, PëMÉvg, gqgbwmsn, cvebv, KzwgÍÏv cÉf‡wZ Õ©vGb Rbmfv KGib| 1907 mvGji 4 gvPÆ KzwgÍÏvq ‰ aiGbi ‰KwU mfvq eãfã weGivaxiv evav ˆ`q| ‰Z`&mGZ½I bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn Zuvi KgÆ-ZrciZv AeÅvnZ ivGLb| ‰KB eQi KjKvZv q Dfq eGãi gymwjg ˆbZ‡e†G±`i ‰K mfvq ‘wbwLj eã gymwjg jxM’ MwVZ nq ‰es wZwb ‰i mfvcwZ gGbvbxZ nb| 1908 mvGji Ryb gvGm wZwb ‘cƒeÆeã I Avmvg cÉvG`wkK gymwjg jxM’ MVb KGi ‰i ˆmGò×Uvwi nb| ‰KB eQi 27 wWGmÁ¼i Ag†ZmGi bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn’i mfvcwZGZ½ ‘wbwLj fviZ gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZ’i 22Zg mfv nq| ˆmLvGb 30-31 wWGmÁ¼i AbywÓ¤Z Aj Bw´£qv gymwjg jxGMi mfvq wZwb gymjgvbG`i RbÅ Õ¼Z¯¨ wbeÆvPb `vwe KGib ‰es wkÞv cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒGn ivR‹bwZK AvGjvPbvi myGhvM ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ mswkÏÓ¡G`i cÉwZ Avn»vb Rvbvb| bZzb cÉG`Gk wn±`y gymwjgG`i mymÁ·KÆ iÞvi RbÅ wZwb Dfq mÁ·É`vGqi mÁ·`kvjx I MYÅgvbÅ eÅwî×G`i wbGq 1909 mvGji 21 gvPÆ ‘BGÁ·wiqvj jxM Ae BÕ¡vYÆ ˆeãj AÅv´£ Avmvg’ MVb KGib| ‰ eQGiB wZwb cÉvG`wkK gymwjg jxM cybMÆVb ‰es ‰i mfvcwZi `vwqZ½ MÉnY KGib|

1911 mvGji 15 I 17 gvPÆ bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn’i mfvcwZGZ½ Avnmvb gwéGj AbywÓ¤Z ‰K mfvq cÉvG`wkK gymwjg jxM ‰es cÉvG`wkK wkÞv mwgwZ Dfq msMVbB Pvjy ivLv ‰es cÉ^gwUi gvaÅGg ivRbxwZ I w«¼ZxqwUi gvaÅGg wkÞv I RbKjÅvYgyLx KvR Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ M†nxZ nq| 19 AvMÕ¡ KvRÆb nGj cƒeÆeGãi ˆQvUjvU ˆnqvi-‰i we`vq ‰es ˆeBjx-‰i Õ¼vMZ AbyÓ¤vGb mwjgyÍÏvn XvKvq ‰KwU wek¼we`Åvjq I nvBGKvUÆ cÉwZÓ¤vi `vwe Rvbvb| 12 wWGmÁ¼i w`wÍÏi `ievGi mgËvU cçg RRÆ KZÆƆK eãwefvM i` Kiv nGj wZwb LyeB ggÆvnZ nb| ZvrÞwYKfvGe ˆmLvGb DcwÕ©Z ˆbZ‡e†G±`i mvG^ AvGjvPbv KGi wZwb 20 wWGmÁ¼i gymwjgG`i Õ¼v^Æ msiÞGYi RbÅ 8wU `vwe fvBmiq jWÆ nvwWÆGéi wbKU ˆck KGib| jWÆ nvwWÆé XvKv mdGi ‰Gj bIqve mwjgyÍÏvni ˆbZ‡GZ½ gymwjg ˆbZ‡e†±` 1912 mvGji 31 Rvbyqvwi Zuvi KvGQ wewf®² `vwe ˆck KGib| ˆmw`bB XvKvq ‰KwU wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v ‰es gymwjgG`i RbÅ ‰KRb wkÞv Awdmvi wbGqvGMi cÉwZkÉ‚wZ cvIqv hvq| Zuvi ˆPÓ¡vq XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cwiK͸bvi gGaÅ Bmjvwg wkÞv wefvM ivLv nq|

1912 mvGji 2 gvPÆ bIqve mwjgyÍÏvni mfvcwZGZ½ KjKvZvq WvjGnŒmx BbwÕ¡wUDGU hyî×eGãi gymwjg ˆbZ‡e†G±`i ‰K mfv AbywÓ¤Z nq| Dî× mfvq Zuvi cÉÕ¦vGei wfwîGZ Dfq evsjvi Õ¼Z¯¨ `ywU jxMGK ‰Kò KGi ‘ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö gymwjg jxM’ MwVZ nq ‰es wZwb ‰i mfvcwZ wbeÆvwPZ nb| H mfvq Abyi…cfvGe DfqeGãi gymwjg mwgwZ `ywUGK ‰Kò KGi MwVZ nq ‘ˆeãj ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö gymwjg AÅvGmvwmGqkb’| wZwb ‰ msMVGbiI mfvcwZ nb| 1912 mvGji 3-4 gvPÆ KjKvZvq AbywÓ¤Z Aj Bw´£qv gymwjg jxGMi mfvq mfvcwZi fvlGY wZwb cƒeÆeGã XvKv wek¼we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤vi weGivwaZvKvixG`i hywî× Líb KGib| wZwb gymjgvbG`i RbÅ Õ¼Z¯¨ wbeÆvPGbi cÉGqvRbxqZv eÅvLÅv KGib ‰es miKvwi PvKwiGZ ZuvG`i msLÅvbycvGZ ˆKvUv avGhÆi `vwe Rvbvb| 1912 mvGj ejKvb hyG«¬ wec®² ZzwKÆ gymwjgG`i mvnvhÅvG^Æ bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn cƒeÆeã ˆ^GK wecyj cwigvY Puv`v ZzGj cvVvb| wK¯§ 1914 mvGj cÉ^g wek¼hyG«¬ ZziÕ• RvgÆvwbi cÞvejÁ¼b KiGj wZwb ZvG`i weGivwaZv KGi wgòcÞGK mg^Æb `vb KGib| 1914 mvGji 11-12 ‰wcÉj wZwb XvKvq hyî×eGãi gymwjg wkÞv mwgwZi AwaGekb ‰es 13 ‰wcÉj ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö gymwjg jxGMi AwaGekb Avn»vb KGib| ‰iciB wZwb KvhÆZ KgÆGÞò ˆ^GK Aemi ˆbb|

bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn 1908 mvGj cƒeÆeã I Avmvg miKvGii bvix wkÞv KwgwUi m`mÅ ‰es gymwjg bvix wkÞv mve-KwgwUi mfvcwZ gGbvbxZ nb| 1914 mvGj gymjgvbG`i wkÞv welGq MwVZ nvGYÆj KwgwUiI wZwb m`mÅ wQGjb| 1906 mvGj cÉvG`wkK wkÞv mwgwZi gvaÅGg gv`Ëvmv wkÞv msÕ•vGii jGÞÅ wZwb ‰KwU hyMv¯¦Kvix wiGcvUÆ miKviGK ˆ`b| 1909 mvGj gv`Ëvmv wkÞv msÕ•vGii RbÅ miKvGii MwVZ KwgwUGZI wZwb m`mÅ wQGjb| H KwgwUi mycvwik ‰es Zuvi HKvw¯¦K cÉGPÓ¡vq 1915 mvGj miKvi AvaywbK wkÞv c«¬wZ mÁ¼wjZ cwiKw͸Z gv`Ëvmv wkÞv Pvjy KGi|

bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn wQGjb ‰KRb `vbkxj eÅwî×| Av^Æ-mvgvwRK D®²qb KgÆKvGí wZwb AKvZGi `vb KiGZb| 1902 mvGj XvKv Bwéwbqvwis Õ•zj (eZÆgvGb evsjvG`k cÉGKŒkj wek¼we`Åvjq) cÉwZÓ¤vq wcZvi cÉwZkÉ‚Z ‰K jÞ evGiv nvRvi UvKv (1,12,000/-) wZwbB géyi KGib| ‰Qvov K‡wl, wk͸ LvGZ; gmwR`, gv`Ëvmv, nvmcvZvj, Qvòvevm wbgÆvGY ‰es AbÅvbÅ ˆh ˆKvb aiGbi mgvR D®²qbgƒjK KgÆKvGí wZwb c†Ó¤GcvlKZv KGiGQb|

XvKvi Kvi‚wkG͸i D®²qGb wZwb cÉ`kÆbxi AvGqvRb KiGZb| Zuvi cÉGPÓ¡vq ‰ wk͸ bei…c cvq| Kvi‚wkG͸i D®²qGb 1909 mvGj cƒeÆeã miKvi MwVZ KwgwUi wZwb ‰KRb m`mÅ wQGjb| bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn cƒeÆeã Avmvg eÅeÕ©vcK mfv (1906-12) ‰es BGÁ·wiqvj KvDw´Öj I hyî×eãxq eÅeÕ©vcK cwilG`i (1913-15) m`mÅ wQGjb| weËwUk miKvi ZuvGK 1902 mvGj wm.‰m.AvB; 1903 mvGj bIqve evnv`yi; 1909 mvGj ˆK.wm.‰m.AvB; ‰es 1911 mvGj wR.wm.‰m.AvB Dcvwa cÉ`vb KGi| eÅwî×MZfvGe wZwb mr, mvnmx ‰es avwgÆK wQGjb| RbKjÅvYgƒjK KvR I ivRbxwZGZ ARmË A^Æ eÅGqi `i‚Y wZwb FYMÉÕ¦ ‰es eã wefvM iG`i ci nZvkv I ˆivMMÉÕ¦ nGq cGob| bIqve mwjgyÍÏvn 1915 mvGji 16 Rvbyqvwi Zuvi ˆPŒiãxi evmfeGb BG¯¦Kvj KGib| ivÓ¡Ëxq ghÆv`vq Zuvi giG`n XvKvq ‰Gb ˆeMg evRviÕ© cvwievwiK ˆMviÕ©vGb `vdb Kiv nq|  [ˆgvnvÁÃ` AvjgMxi]