LwjdZvev` Šfie b`xi ZxGi eZÆgvb evGMinvU
knGii mvG^ kbvî×K‡Z bMi| cieZÆx Bjqvmkvnx myjZvb bvwmi‚óxb gvngy` kvn ‰i (1436-1459 wLË.) AvgGj Lvb Rvnvb (g†ZzÅ 1459 wLË.) bvGg R‹bK kvmbKZÆv (gyKZv) KZ‡ÆK LwjdZvev` ‰jvKvGK
gymwjg AwaKvGi Avbv nq| bvwmi‚óxb bymiZ kvGni kvmbKvGj (1519 - 1532
wLË.) 922 wnRwiGZ (1516 wL.) UvKkvj kni wnGmGe kniwUi AvwefÆve NGU ‰es
wMqvmDóxb gvngy` kvn ‰i ivRZ½Kvj chƯ¦ (1532-1538 wLË.) ‰wUi ‰ ghÆv`v AÞzY³
wQj| 1535 wLËÓ¡vGõ myjZvb wMqvmDóxb gvngy` kvn ‘LwjdZvev`-e`icyi’ bvGg
kniwUi bZzb bvgKiY KGib| myjZvb Zuvi mÁÃvb mƒPK Dcvwa Ave`-Avj-e`i AbymiGY
‘e`icyi’ kõwU ‰i mvG^ hyî× KGib| ˆlvok kZvõxGZ ŠZix wW.eÅvim, eÐvBf
‰es ˆfb ˆWb eË‚GKi cZzÆwMR gvbwPGò kniwUGK ‘KzBcvUvfvR’, hv LwjdZvevG`i
weK‡Z DœPviY, bvGg ˆ`LvGbv nGqGQ| eZÆgvGb evGMinvGUi Pviw`GKi ‰jvKv
AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi ˆkl chƯ¦ ‘nvIGqjx LwjdZvev`’ ev Dc-kvmGKi AvevmÕ©j bvGg
cwiwPZ wQj| Aveyj dRGji AvBb-B-AvKeix MÉG¯© ‰ bvg ˆ`Iqv nq|
kni
I kniZjxGZ KGqKwU HwZnvwmK Õ©vb I ÕÆwZÕ¦Á¿ AvGQ| Lvb Rvnvb KZ‡ÆK ŠZix
weLÅvZ lvUMÁ¼yR gmwR` evGMi nvGUi Pvi gvBj cwøGg AewÕ©Z| gmwR`wUi mw®²KGU
cÉvq ‰KkZ ‰Ki Rwg RyGo DwÍÏwLZ kvmGKi AvG`Gk ‰KwU w`wN (eocyKzi) Lbb
Kiv nq| ‰wUi RbwcÉq bvg ‘ˆNvovw`wN’| evGMinvU kni ˆ^GK wZb gvBj ‰es
lvUMÁ¼yR gmwRG` ˆhGZ cÉavb moK ˆ^GK Avav gvBj `ƒGi AviI ‰KwU eo w`wNi
cvGo Lvb RvnvGbi mgvwa ˆmŒa AewÕ©Z| w`wNwUi AvqZb cÉvq ‰KkZ Avwk ‰Ki
‰es ‰wU ‘VvKziw`wN’ bvGg cwiwPZ| mgvwaGmŒa, w`wN ‰es ‰i cvGo AewÕ©Z
gmwR` - me wgGj ‰K AcƒeÆ ˆmŒ±`hÆ m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| wewf®² BgviGZi a»smveGkl
‰es LwjdZvevG`i cvKv ivÕ¦vi cÉðZvwî½K ài‚Z½ AGbK ‰es ‰i ˆ^GK ˆevSv hvq
ˆh, ‰KKvGj kniwU ˆek eo ‰es mg†«¬kvjx wQj| ‰wU ‰KwU UvKkvj ‰es cÉkvmwbK
m`i`µ¦i wQj ‰es ‰wU Rjvf„wg I wej ‰jvKvq cwiKw͸Z fvGe MGo DGVwQj|
Lvb
RvnvGbi g†ZzÅ w`em eGj Õ¼xK‡Z ŠPò gvGmi (gvPÆ-‰wcÉj) cƒwYÆgv wZw^GZ
mgvwaGmŒGai mÁÃyLÕ© gvGV cÉwZ eQi ˆgjv AbywÓ¤Z nq| ‰ DcjGÞ wn±`y-gymwjg
wbweÆGkGl mKj ˆkÉYxi gvbyl ‰LvGb mgGeZ nq|
1863
mvGj evGMinvUGK ‘M’ ˆkÉYxi ˆcŒimfv eGj cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq| ‰Lb ‰wU ˆRjv
cÉkvmb ˆK±`Ê| BGZvgGaÅ ˆcŒimfvwU ‘K’ ˆkÉYxGZ D®²xZ nGqGQ| kniwU Pvj,
cvb, mycvwi, bviGKj cÉf‡wZi eÅemv ˆK±`Ê|
[ˆgvt AvLZvi‚ävgvb]
