LoM esk AvbygvwbK wLËÓ¡xq mµ¦g I AÓ¡g kZvõxGZ cÉvPxb evsjvi eã I mgZU Açj kvmb KGi| AvkivdcyGi (XvKvi wbKUeZÆx) cÉvµ¦ `ywU ZvgËkvmb, gy`Ëv I ŠPwbK cwieËvRK ˆks wP-‰i (AvbygvwbK mµ¦g kZvõx) weeiY BZÅvw` ˆ^GK ‰ ivResk mÁ·GKÆ Z^Åvw` cvIqv hvq| ‰àwji gGaÅ AvkivdcyGi cÉvµ¦ ZvgËkvmb`ywU meÆvwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| Rvbv gGZ, ivResGki cÉ^g kvmK nGjb LoMG`Åvg (AvbygvwbK 625-640 wLË.), ZGe Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i mÁ·GKÆ wKQyB Rvbv hvq bv| LoMG`ÅvGgi Dîimƒwi wQGjb ZuviB cyò RvZLoM (AvbygvwbK 640-658 wLË.)| RvZLoGMi Dîimƒwi wnGmGe cieZÆxKvGj ‰GmwQGjb h^vò×Gg Zuvi cyò ˆ`eLoM (AvbygvwbK 658-673 wLË.) I ˆcŒò ivRfë (AvbygvwbK 673-690 wLË.)| ivRfGëi cieZÆx kvmK wQGjb mÁ¿eZ Zuvi fvB ejfë (AvbygvwbK 690-705 wLË.)| AvkivdcyGi cÉvµ¦ w«¼Zxq ZvgËkvmGb R‹bK D`xYÆLoM bvGg ‰KRGbi DGÍÏL AvGQ| Zvi bvGgi ˆklvsk BwãZ KGi ˆh, wZwbI mÁ¿eZ LoM ivResGkiB ˆKD ‰KRb wQGjb| wK¯§ Zvi kvmbKvj ‰Lb chƯ¦ AwbwøZ|

LoM ivRvMY ciGgk¼i ev ‰ RvZxq ˆKvb mGeÆvœP Dcvwa eÅenvi KGib wb| ‰GZ cÉZxqgvb nq ˆh, Zuviv wQGjb Õ©vbxq kvmK ‰es ZvG`i ivRÅmxgv wbaÆviY Kiv KwVb| Avkivdcyi ZvgËkvmb«¼Gqi gGaÅ ‰KwUGZ ZjcvUK I `îKUGKi DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| ‰àwjGK kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ biwms`xi ivqcyi cywjk ˆÕ¡kGbi Aaxb Zvjcvov I `vZMvI MÉvGgi mvG^|

ivR‹bwZKfvGe LoMG`i wfwî wQj eã| Avkivdcyi ZvgËkvmbàwj ˆ`eLoGMi òGqv`k ivRvGâ (AvbygvwbK 671 wLË.) RqKigv¯¦evmK-‰i RqÕ•®¬evi ˆ^GK cÉ`vb Kiv nGqwQj| RqÕ•®¬evi-GK KzwgÍÏvi eiKv¯¦vi (eoKvgZv) mvG^ Awf®² wnGmGe wPwn×Z Kiv nGqGQ| ‰i ˆ^GK cÉZxqgvb nq ˆh, ˆ`eLoM ivZ ivRv kÉxaviY ivZGK (AvbygvwbK 660-670 wLË.) DGœQ` KGi eã ˆ^GK mgZU chƯ¦ Zuvi ÞgZv mÁcÉmvwiZ KGiwQGjb| Avi ‰i mg^Æb cvIqv hvq ivbx cÉfveZxi ˆ`Djevwo kievYx gƒwZÆ wjwcGZ| ‰GZ ˆ`eLoMGK `qvjy (`vbcwZ), kwî×kvjx (cÉZvcx) I mKj kò‚i weGRZv (wewRZvwiLí) wnGmGe eYÆbv Kiv nGqGQ| ZGe Zvi ‰ weRqGK mÁ¿eZ agÆxq cÉwZÓ¤vb Õ©vcb wKsev ‰i c†Ó¤GcvlKZvi gvaÅGg Šea KGi wbGZ nGqwQj| Avi mÁ¿eZ ˆm KviGYB ˆ`eLoM ˆm hyGMi cÉPwjZ wbqGg ˆeŒ«¬ gV wbgÆvGYi RbÅ f„wg `vb KiGZ evaÅ nb|

AvkivdcyGii Dfq ZvgËkvmGb ‰wU cwiÓ•vi ˆh, ˆ`eLoM I Zuvi cyò ivRfë `yRbB ài‚ msNwgGòi Zî½veavGb PviwU ‘wenvi’ I ‘wenvwiKv’i RbÅ 15 cvUK I 20 `ËY f„wg `vb KGiwQGjb| `vbK‡Z f„wgi cwigvY eZÆgvGbi wnGmGe 484 weNv (1 cvUGK KgcGÞ 128 weNv)| ZGe ˆ`eLoMGK gVwU wbgÆvY KiGZ nq wb, eis ‰àwj BZtcƒGeÆB wbwgÆZ wQj| LoM ivRv ‰àwjGK ÷ay ‰KwU ‰KK mxgvbvq (‰KMwíK‡Z...) wbGq AvGm| ‰fvGeB ‰jvKvwU nGq IGV cweò ‰K f„wg|

`vbK‡Z f„wg ˆ^GK Avw^ÆK myweav jvGfi ˆPÓ¡v Kiv nGqwQj| ZvgËdjKwUGZ ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Z^Å nGjv ˆh, ‰LvGb K‡lÅgvYKG`i (hvi A^Æ f„wg KlÆYKvix) DGÍÏL| f„wg KlÆYKvixiv ‰LvGb ÷ay K‡wl kÉwgK KviY, Zviv Rwgi gvwjKI bq wKsev Rwg ˆfvM KiviI ˆKvb AwaKvi ZvG`i ˆbB| gVàwji Ici f„wgÕ¼î½ bÅÕ¦ wQj| `vbcGò DwÍÏwLZ f„RÅgvYK bvgK Avi ‰KwU mvgvwRK Õ¦i f„wgi AwaKvi ˆfvM KiZ| ‰ f„RÅgvYKiv wQj cÉK‡Z f„wg KlÆYKvixG`i (K‡lÅgvYK) ˆ^GK Avjv`v| ‰ cv^ÆGKÅi KviGYB aviYv Kiv hvq ˆh, ˆm hyGM wZb Õ¦i wewkÓ¡ f„wg eÅeÕ©v wQj f„wg Õ¼Z½vwaKvix gV (wenvi ev wenvwiKv), ˆfvMKvix (f„RÅgvYK) ‰es f„wgi cÉK‡Z K‡lK (K‡lÅgvYK)| ‰B f„wg eÅeÕ©v hæeÍ•Å ÕÆwZGZ (AvbygvwbK wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ 200 ˆ^GK wLËÓ¡xq 200 Aõ) DwÍÏwLZ eÅeÕ©v ˆhgb, gnxcwZ (ivRv), ˆÞòÕ¼vgx (f„wg Õ¼Z½vwaKvix) ‰es KlÆK (cÉK‡Z Pvlx)-‰i Abyi…c|

÷ay ˆ`eLoMB bq, Zuvi cyò ivRfëI mgZGU ˆeŒ«¬agÆ PPÆv mg^Æb KGiwQGjb| ŠPwbK wfÞz ˆks wP Pv’b wm wjGLGQb ˆh, wZwb hLb mgZGU AvGmb (Zvi AvMgb ZvwiL Rvbv hvq bv) ZLb ˆmLvbKvi ivRv nGjb ˆnv-jyI-Gk-Gcv-GZv’, hvGK kbvî× Kiv nGqGQ ˆ`eLoGMi cyò ivRvivR (fë)-‰i mvG^| wZwb wòiGði cÉwZ weGklfvGe kÉ«¬vkxj wQGjb| ‰ wòið nGjv ey«¬, AvBb-k†›Ljv (mvb-cvI) ‰es ˆeŒ«¬ aGgÆi cçweavGbi Abymvix DcvmK (D-Gcv-Gmv-wPqv)| Rvbv hvq, ‰ ivRv m®²Åvmx I m®²ÅvwmbxG`i ^vKv-LvIqvi RbÅ wewf®² iKGgi `vb-`wÞYv KiGZb| cÉZÅn mKvGj ivRvi cGÞ ‰KRb Awdmvi gGV AvmGZb ‰es ˆks-wP mn ˆmLvGb emevmKvix mKj m®²ÅvmxG`i ˆLuvR-Lei wbGZb| ˆks-wP ‰es m®²ÅvmxMY ˆh wenvGi ^vKGZb ˆmwU nGjv ivRwenvi| ivRwenvi wenviwUGK webqàGµ¦i (507 wLË.) àbvBMo ZvgËkvmGb DwÍÏwLZ wenvGii Abyi…c eGj aviYv Kiv nq| ‰me mg^Æb ev c†Ó¤GcvlKZvGK ivRvi ÞgZv ŠeaKiGY Zvi cÉGPÓ¡v eGj eÅvLÅv Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi|

ˆ`eLoGMi Avi ‰K cyò ejfë-‰i ZvgËkvmGb DGÍÏL AvGQ ˆh, wZwb wenvi I ÕZ„càwji iÞYvGeÞY ‰es AvkÉgàwji cybtwbgÆvY I ˆgivgGZi RbÅ abjßxcvUK (‰Lb chƯ¦ kbvî× Kiv nq wb) ‰jvKvq 28 cvUK Rwg `vb KGiwQGjb| ZvgËkvmGb gnvGfvMvkÉg-‰i DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| mÁ¿eZ ‰ AvkÉGg agÆxq gGnvrme AbywÓ¤Z nGZv| ˆgvU AvUwU wenvGii Z^Å cvIqv hvq ˆhLvGb cvwiwgZgZg I `vbPw±`ÊKv AvGjvPbv I wkÞv ˆ`qv nGZv| ZGe ‰Uv cÉZxqgvb ˆh, ˆeŒ«¬ agÆòqx ey«¬, agÆ I m›N-GK mvgGb ˆiGLB agÆxq KgÆKvGíi DGóGkÅ AvevwmK myGhvM myweavi RbÅ ‰ `vb msNwUZ nGqwQj|

cÉ^g Avkivdcyi ZvgËkvmb ‰ ivResGki aGgÆi cÉwZ AvMÉn mÁ·GKÆ AviI wKQy ˆewk Z^Å mieivn KGi| ‰wU agÆPò× (AvBGbi PvKv) bq, eis evg w`GK gyL ˆdivGbv DrKxYÆ luvo-‰i wbGP kÉxgZ ˆ`eLoGMi bvg mÁ¼wjZ wkjvwjwci K^v DGÍÏL KGi| ‰i ˆ^GK Zvi Ške aGgÆi cÉwZ ˆSuvGKi K^v Abygvb Kiv hvq| Ške aGgÆi cÉwZ ‰ cÉeYZv Zvi cyò ejfGëi mgGqI we`Ågvb wQj| ejfë Zvi ZvgËkvmGb wbGRGK ciGgk¼i ivRcyò wnGmGe DGÍÏL KGib|

KzwgÍÏvi ˆ`Djevwo ˆ^GK Avi ‰KwU D`vniY cvIqv hvq ˆhLvGb ˆ`Lv hvGœQ ˆh, ˆ`eLoGMi ivbx cÉfveZx kÉ«¬vi wb`kÆb Õ¼i…c (gnvG`ex fî×Åv ˆngwjµ¦g&-AGiqvZ&) ˆ`ex kievYxGK Õ¼YÆcGò gyGo w`GqGQb| ˆ`ex kievYxi AvU nvGZi gGaÅ evg w`GKi nvGZ aiv AvGQ we`ÅrÕ¹zwjã, N¥Ÿv, abyK I Xvj, Avi Wvb w`GKi nvGZ iGqGQ k›L, Aâzk, Zievwi I Pò×| eËvþYÅ gw±`Gii ˆfZGi ˆ`ex kievYx ‰KwU wmsGni wcGV c«ÂvmGbi Dci `uvwoGq AvGQb|

ZGe ˆ`Djevwo ˆjLwPGòi ˆKv^vI DGÍÏL ˆbB ˆh, kievYx ˆ`exi gƒwZÆ ˆ`DjevwoGZ wbwgÆZ I Õ©vwcZ nGqwQj| eis wjwc cÉgvGY gGb nq ˆh, gƒwZÆwU ˆ`DjevwoGZ cƒGeÆ ˆ^GKB wQj hv ivbx cÉfveZx cieZÆxmgGq Õ¼YÆcGò gyGo w`GqwQGjb| ˆ`eLoM, Zuvi ivbx cÉfveZx I Zvi cyò ejfGëi Ške cÉxwZGK wPwn×Z Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi mgZGU (wewRZvwiL´£) LoM ivResGki ÞgZvGK cÉwZÓ¤v Kivi DGóGkÅ| ‰wU ˆevSv hvq hLb ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ˆ`eLoGMi mvG^ wewRZvwiLí kõwU RwoZ nIqvi ci ivbx KZƆK ˆ`ex gƒwZÆGK Õ¼YÆcGò ˆgvovGbvi KvR mÁ·®² nGqwQj|

kvjeb wenvGii LbbK‡Z cÉðÕ©j ˆ^GK AviI `ywU ZvgËkvmb cvIqv ˆMGQ, ZGe ‰ `ywU ZvgËkvmb ˆ^GK LoM ivResGki KvhÆKjvc mÁ·GKÆ ˆKvb wKQyB Rvbv hvq bv| wjwcZvwî½K cÉgvGY aviYv Kiv nq ˆh, mÁ¿eZ AÓ¡g kZvõxGZ ˆ`e ivResk LoMG`i ÞgZvPzÅZ KGiwQj|  [K‡Gú±`y ivq]

Mɯ©cwé  Kamalakanta Gupta, ‘Two Mainamati Copper plate Inscriptions of the Khadga and Early Deva Times (7th and 8th cent. AD)’, Bangladesh Archaeology, I, 1979; `xGbkP±`Ê miKvi, cvj-cƒeÆ hyGMi eskvbyPwiZ, KjKvZv, 1985; ABM Hussain (ed), Mainamati – Devaparvata, Dhaka, 1997; BM Morrison, Lalmai, A Cultural Centre of Early Bengal,Washington.