ˆÞòGgvnb
ˆMvÕ¼vgx
(1813-1893) mãxZæ I HKZvb cÉeZÆK| cwøgeGãi ˆgw`bxcyi ˆRjvi
P±`ÊGKvYv MÉvGg Zuvi R¯Ã| weúzcyGii mãxZvPvhÆ ivgkâi fëvPvGhÆi wbKU
ˆÞòGgvnGbi mãxZ wkÞvi ÷i‚ ‰es Zuvi wbKU ˆ^GKB wZwb DœPvãmãxGZ cvi`wkÆZv ARÆb KGib| wkÞvbwek
Rxeb ˆkl nGj ˆÞòGgvnb mãxZGKB e†wî wnGmGe wbGq AvRxeb ‰i mvabv KGib|
1853 mvGj
AvPvhÆ ivgkâGii g†ZzÅi KGqK eQi cƒGeÆ ˆÞòGgvnb KjKvZv wMGq cv^ywiqvNvUvi
Rwg`vi hZx±`ÊGgvnb VvKzGii mãxZmfvi MvqK wbhyî× nb| ‰B mfvGZB wZwb w«¼Zxq
ài‚i…Gc jvf KGib evivYmxi weLÅvZ exYvKvi jßxcÉmv` wgkÉGK| Zuvi wbKU
ˆ^GK ˆÞòGgvnb h¯¨mãxGZ wkÞv jvf KGib| ‰i dGj K¥¤ I h¯¨ mãxGZi Dfq avivqB
wZwb AmvgvbÅ `ÞZv ARÆb KGib| H mgq Zuvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ KjKvZvq ivMmãxGZi PPÆv,
MGelYv, Mɯ© cÉYqb I wkÞv`vGbi ‰KwU AvG±`vjb MGo IGV|
fviZxq
mãxGZ ˆÞòGgvnGbi weGkl Ae`vb mãxGZ HKZvb ev`Gbi cÉeZÆb| ‰i cÉ^g cÉGqvM
nq ˆejMvwQqv bvUÅkvjvq AwfbxZ iðvejx bvUGK| HKZvb ev`b cwiPvjbv
KGib Õ¼qs ˆÞòGgvnb| cvøvZÅ XGO fviZxq mãxGZ HKZvGbi eÅenvGi ˆkÉvZviv
bZzGbi Õ¼v` cvq ‰es ˆÞòGgvnGbi m†wÓ¡kxjZvq gy™¬ nq| ‰B HKZvb cwiPvjbvi
RbÅ ˆÞòGgvnb cÉGqvRbxq Õ¼iwjwcI cÉYqb KGib, hv 1868 mvGj HKZvwbK
Õ¼iwjwc bvGg cÉKvwkZ nq| 1869 mvGj cÉKvwkZ nq Zuvi w«¼Zxq Mɯ© mãxZmvi|
mãxZZî½ welqK ‰B wekvj Mɯ©wU evsjv ivMmãxGZi PPÆv I MGelYvi ˆÞGò cw^K‡GZi
f„wgKv cvjb KGi| ‰GZ wZwb mãxZGK ‰KwU myk†›Lj c«¬wZGZ Avbvi ˆPÓ¡v KGib|
mãxZ welqK Zuvi AbÅvbÅ Mɯ© nGjv K¥¤GKŒgy`x, Av÷iébx,
MxZGMvwe±` Õ¼iwjwc cÉf‡wZ| ‰Qvov wZwb AÞigvwòK Õ¼iwjwc iPbv,
mãxZwelqK gvwmK cwòKv cÉKvk BZÅvw` welGqI cw^K‡GZi f„wgKv cvjb KGib|
‰fvGe ivMmãxGZi PPÆv, mãxZwelqK Mɯ© I cò-cwòKv cÉKvk, Õ¼iwjwc cÉYqb
BZÅvw`i gvaÅGg evsjv mãxGZi D®²qGb ˆÞòGgvnGbi Ae`vb wPiÕÃiYxq|
ˆÞòGgvnb
÷ay ivMmãxGZB bq, aË‚c` mãxGZI weGkl LÅvwZ ARÆb KGib| wZwb evsjv
‰es wnw±` Dfq fvlvqB aË‚c` Mvb iPbv KGib| ZGe ˆmme msM†nxZ bv nIqvq
AwaKvskB wejyµ¦ nGq ˆMGQ| ˆÞòGgvnGbi wbKU mãxZ wkÞv KGi cieZÆxKvGj huviv
hkÕ¼x nGqGQb Zuviv nGjb ˆkŒix±`ÊGgvnb VvKzi, K‡úab eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq ,
KvjxcÉm®² eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq cÉgyL|
ˆckvMZ
RxeGb ˆÞòGgvnb Avg†ZzÅ cv^ywiqvNvUvi Rwg`vGii mfvi mGã hyî× wQGjb| ‰Qvov
wZwb ˆkŒix±`ÊGgvnb VvKzi KZƆK 1871 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z ‘eãmãxZ we`Åvjq’ I
1881 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z ‘ˆeãj ‰KvGWgx Ae wgDwRK’ bvGg `ywU mãxZ we`ÅvjGqi
cÉavb wkÞGKi `vwqZ½I cvjb KGib| ˆkGlvî× we`Åvjq ZuvGK ‘mãxZ bvqK’ Dcvwa
I ‘Õ¼YÆGKqƒi’ cyiÕ•vGi f„wlZ KGi| [ˆgveviK ˆnvGmb Lvb]
