KÑvBf, ievUÆ (1725-1774)  cjvkx hyG«¬i weGRZv ‰es evsjvq weËwUk kvmGbi Õ©cwZ| AvqvijÅvG´£i ‰KwU gvSvwi Rwg`vi cwievGii m¯¦vb ievUÆ KÑvBf Õ•zGj Qvò wnGmGe ˆZgb K‡wZZ½ cÉ`kÆb KiGZ cvGib wb| AvVvGiv eQi eqGm wZwb gv`ËvGR BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb i PvKwiGZ cÉGek KGib (1743)| KÅvGWU wnGmGe wZwb AZů¦ AmyLx I wbtmã Rxeb hvcb KGib ‰es gvGS gGaÅ welY³Zvq AvœQ®² nGZb| KbÆvGUi hyG«¬ KÑvBf ‰Kevi divwmG`i nvGZ ew±` nb ‰es cGi ‰KRb Õ©vbxq ˆjvGKi Q«ÂGeGk cjvqb KGi cw´£GPwiGZ ˆm´Ÿ ˆWwfW `yGMÆ ˆcuŒGQb| divwmG`i wei‚G«¬ hyG«¬ BsGiRiv hLb cøv`cmiY KiwQj ZLbI `yMÆwU ZvG`i AwaKvGi wQj|

KÑvBf ˆKvÁ·vwbi PvKwi ˆQGo ˆ`b ‰es 1748 mvGj gv`ËvR ˆmbvevwnbxGZ meÆwbÁ² Kwgkb cÉvµ¦ Awdmvi wnGmGe ˆhvM`vb KGib| Zuvi Rxebx ˆjLK gÅvjKGgi gGZ wZwb ‰KRb DœQ†›Lj Awdmvi wQGjb| wK¯§ DœQ†›LjZvi mvG^ ˆkŒGhÆi mg¯¼q NUvq DMÉÕ¼fvewewkÓ¡ nIqv mGî½I H mgGq KÑvBGfi cGÞ mvgwiK KZ‡ÆZ½jvf KwVb wQj bv| ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ wnGmGe wZwb ‰Kevi ‰K gvivVv ˆbZvi wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb cwiPvjbv KGib ‰es gvivñK SuywKcƒYÆ AeÕ©vq ˆ`exGKvU `yMÆ AwaKvi KGib| KÑvBf KZ‡ÆK ˆ`exGKvU `ƒMÆ AwaKvGii weeiY w`GZ wMGq wgj ˆmbvevwnbxi AMÉfvGM AeÕ©vb wbGq ŠmbÅG`i ˆ^GK wbGRGK wewœQ®² Kivi KviGY KÑvBGfi wei‚G«¬ nVKvwiZvi AwfGhvM ‰GbGQb| KÑvBGfi cieZÆx mvgwiK ZrciZvi wb`kÆb Zuvi AvKÆU Awfhvb, hvGZ wZwb cÉPwjZ mvgwiK wbqgbxwZ j›Nb KGi bIqvGei `yGMÆ Šbk Awfhvb cwiPvjbv KGib ‰es ˆKvb cÉvYnvwb bv NwUGq wmcvwnG`i cvjvGZ evaÅ KGib|

ievUÆ KÑvBf

KÑvBGfi ˆ`exGKvU I AvKÆU Awfhvb Zuvi ˆecGivqv Õ¼fvGei mvÞÅ enb KGi| 1753 mvGji cÉ^g w`GK KÑvBf j´£Gb wdGi ˆMGj `vwÞYvGZÅ Zuvi AeÅvnZ weRGqi K‡wZGZ½i RbÅ ZuvGK exGivwPZ mÁ¼aÆbv ˆ`Iqv nq| KbÆvGUi hyG«¬ Zuvi mvdGjÅi RbÅ ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ ZuvGK mÁÃvwbZ KGi ‰es ˆfvRmfvq ‘ˆRbvGij KÑvBf’ bvGg AvLÅvZ KGi ZuvGK ‰KLvbv iðLwPZ Zievwi Dcnvi ˆ`Iqv nq|

‰KRb RbGbZv nIqvi Avkvq KÑvBf ˆmbvevwnbxi PvKwi cwiZÅvM KGib, wK¯§ cvjÆvGgG´Ÿ Avmb jvGf eÅ^Æ nb| mvgvwRK I ivR‹bwZK RxeGb AmshZ AvPiGYi dGj KÑvBf AwZ A͸ mgGq Zuvi abmÁ·G`i AcPq KGib| RxeGb exZkÉ«¬ I nZvkvMÉÕ¦ nGq fvMÅvG¯¼lGY wZwb gv`ËvGR cÉZÅveZÆb KGib (1755) ‰es weËwUk miKvi KZ‡ÆK ‘÷ay BÕ¡ Bw´£GRi RbÅ’ ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ KGYÆj cG` wbhyî× nb| wZwb ‰gb ‰K mgGq AvGmb hLb divwmMY wbRvGgi mvG^ AaxbZvgƒjK wgòZvq Ave«¬ nGq `wÞY fviGZ ZuvG`i cÉvavbÅ weÕ¦vi KGiGQ| ‰ Pzwî× AbymvGi wbRvg divwm ˆmbvevwnbxi fiYGcvlGYi RbÅ DwolÅvi cywi I K‡úv b`xi ˆgvnbvi gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb AewÕ©Z ‰KUv ˆRjv ZvG`i nvGZ mgcÆY KGib (wWGmÁ¼i 1755)| wbRvgGK wkÞv ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ KÑvBfGK ˆmbvevwnbxi `vwqZ½ cÉ`vb Kiv nq| wZwb AZwKÆGZ Avò×gY KGi wbRvGgi kwî×kvjx ˆMwiqv `yMÆ AwaKvi KGib (ˆdeË‚qvwi, 1756) ‰es gvivVvG`i mGã wgòZv Õ©vcb KGib|

bIqve wmivRDGóŒjv i nvGZ KjKvZvi cZGbi msev` ‰gb ‰K mgGq gv`ËvR ˆcuŒGQ hLb ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆjvGKiv KÑvBf KZƆK AwRÆZ mvgwiK I KzU‹bwZK weRq DcjGÞ Drme D`hvcGb eÅÕ¦ wQj| msev` AvGm ˆh, KjKvZv I Acivci BsGiR emwZ ˆ^GK weZvwoZ mKj BsGiR ewYK I bvMwiK KjKvZvi fvwUGZ djZvq AvkÉq MÉnY KGiGQ ‰es Zviv ‘R¾Gi Avò×v¯¦ nGq, we÷«¬ cvwb I LvG`Åi AfvGe gviv’ hvGœQ| ‰ wecäbK mgGq gv`ËvR KZ‡ÆcÞ D«¬viKvhÆ cwiPvjbvi RbÅ KÑvBfGK meÆvGcÞv ˆhvMÅ eÅwî× weGePbv KGib| 1756 mvGji 16 AGÙvei KÑvBGfi ˆbZ‡GZ½ ‰KwU ˆmbvevwnbx ˆbŒcG^ gv`ËvR ˆ^GK hvòv ÷i‚ KGi ‰es wWGmÁ¼i gvGm djZvq ˆcuŒGQ| mvnvhÅKvix ˆbŒevwnbxi ˆbZ‡GZ½ wQGjb AÅvWwgivj IqvUmb | KÑvBf I IqvUmGbi ˆhŒ^ AwfhvGbi dGj 1757 mvGji 2 Rvbyqvwi Lye mnGRB KjKvZv cyb`ÆLj Kiv nq ‰es wmivRDGóŒjvi mGã ‰K AbyK„j kvw¯¦ Pzwî× mÁ·vw`Z nq ( AvjxbMi Pzwî× , 9 ˆdeË‚qvwi, 1757)|

KjKvZvi cZGbi ci ˆdvUÆ DBwjqg ‰i wmGjÙ KwgwU AwÕ¦Z½nxb nGq cGowQj| ‰evi KwgwU cybMÆwVZ nq ‰es ievUÆ KÑvBf ‰i MfbÆi cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb| cÉK‡ZcGÞ KÑvBf wbGRB wbGRGK Dî× cG` gGbvbxZ KGib| ‰i…c ‰KwU Õ¼wbGqvM AbÅvbÅ ˆemvgwiK, mvgwiK I evwYwRÅK KgÆKZÆvMY ˆgGb wbGZ cviGjb bv| Zuviv ZuvGK MfbÆi wnGmGe MÉnY KiGZ ivwR wQGjb bv, KviY KÑvBf evsjvq ˆKvÁ·vwbi eÅemv-evwYGRÅi ˆÞGò ÷ay ‰KRb ewnivMZB bb, cG` I ghÆv`vq wQGjb ZvG`i ˆPGq AGbK KwbÓ¤| iRvi ˆWÈK 1737 mvj ˆ^GK ˆKvÁ·vwbi PvKwiGZ wQGjb ‰es wmivRDGóŒjv KZ‡ÆK KjKvZv emwZ AwaK‡Z nIqvi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ ‰i MfbÆi cG` AwawÓ¤Z wQGjb| Abyi…cfvGe wiPvWÆ ˆeKvi 1737 mvj ˆ^GK ˆKvÁ·vwbi PvKwiGZ wbGqvwRZ wQGjb ‰es ‰KRb wmwbqi ewYK I KgÆKZÆvi…Gc ˆWÈGKi cGiB wQj Zuvi AeÕ©vb| AÅvWwgivj IqvUmb c`ghÆv`v I PvKwii Š`GNÆÅ wQGjb KÑvBGfi wmwbqi| ‰uiv mevB MfbÆGii c`wU cvIqvi cÉZÅvkvq wQGjb| hvGnvK, KÑvBGfi cÞ ˆ^GK mvgwiK ügwK ‰es cieZÆx mgGq KÑvBGfi AbyK„Gj gv`ËvR KZ‡ÆcGÞi ‰KwU AvG`Gki dGj ‰ weGivGai Aemvb NGU|

MfbÆi wnGmGe Zuvi AeÕ©vb wbwøZ Kivi ci KÑvBGfi cieZÆx c`GÞc wQj divwmG`i evsjv ˆ^GK weZvob ‰es cjvkxi hyG«¬i c^ cÉÕ§Z Kiv| kò‚fvevc®² bIqve wmivRDGóŒjvGK c`PzÅZ KGi ‰KRb AbyMZ I ekse` eÅwî×GK bIqvwe c` cÉ`vGbi wbweÆK͸ cÉGqvRbxqZv mÁ·GKÆ wZwb ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆGK eywSGqwQGjb| hywî× ˆ`Lvb nGqwQj ˆh, evsjvi kwî× KvVvGgvGZ ‰KwU wbqw¯¨Z weµÏe evwYwRÅK I ivR‹bwZK ˆÞGò ˆKvÁ·vwb I BsGiR RvwZGK jvfevb KiGe| ˆKvGUÆi DîGii AGcÞv bv KGi wZwb 1757 mvGji gvGPÆ P±`bbMGii divwm DcwbGek AwaKvi KGib| divwmG`i weZvwoZ Kivi ci wZwb Zuvi ˆkl ‰es meGPGq eo kò‚ bIqve wmivRDGóŒjvGK DrLvZ KiGZ AMÉmi nb| wZwb kxNËB eySGZ cviGjb ˆh, bIqvGei wei‚G«¬ `ievGi ‰KUv loh¯¨ PjGQ ‰es RMr ˆkV ‰ lohG¯¨i ˆbZv| wZwb ˆdvUÆ DBwjqg KvDw´Öj ‰es `ievGii Am¯§Ó¡ AgvZÅG`i gGaÅ ‰KwU Pzwî× mÁ·v`Gbi RbÅ DwgPuv` GK KvGR jvMvGjb| 1757 mvGji 19 ˆg mÁ·vw`Z ˆMvcb Pzwî× wQj ‰i dj| KÑvBf myevi gxi eLkx ev cÉavb ˆmbvcwZ gxiRvdi Avjx LvbGK AfzÅïvGbi ˆbZv wbeÆvwPZ KGib| lohG¯¨i cwiK͸bv Abyhvqx Z^vKw^Z cjvkxi hy«¬ AbywÓ¤Z nq (23 Ryb, 1757)| wmivRDGóŒjv mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc civwRZ nb ‰es cieZÆxKvGj gxiRvdGii cyò gxiY KZ‡ÆK ew±` I wbnZ nb|

P±`bbMi ˆ^GK divwmG`i weZvob I gxiRvdiGK wmivRDGóŒjvi Õ©jvwfwlî× Kiv ‰ `ywU NUbvi gƒjÅvqb KiGZ wMGq KÑvBf cjvkx hy«¬ ˆkl nIqvgvò ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆGK wjGLwQGjb ˆh, divwmG`i civwRZ I evsjv ˆ^GK weZvwoZ Kiv wQj Zuvi RxeGbi meÆGkÉÓ¤ K‡wZZ½| mµ¦elÆeÅvcx hyG«¬i BDGivcxq I c†w^exeÅvcx djvdGji cwiGcÉwÞGZ Zuvi gZvgZ mÁ¿eZ mwVK wQj| cjvkx hyG«¬ Zuvi weRqGK KÑvBf AvKÆGUi bÅvq ÷ay ‰KRb bIqvGei cwieZÆb wnGmGe ˆ`GLwQGjb| wK¯§ KÑvBf kxNËB Abyaveb KGib ˆh, eÕ§Z bxiGe wZwb cÉvGPÅ ‰KwU mvgËvGRÅi wfwî Õ©vcb KGiGQb|

`wÞY fviGZ avivevwnK weRq ZuvGK LÅvwZgvb KGiwQj, wK¯§ mÁ·`kvjx KGi wb| wK¯§ evsjvq wZwb LÅvwZi mGã chÆvµ¦ abmÁ·` jvf KGib| cjvkx hyG«¬i AeÅewnZ cGi gywkÆ`vev` ˆKvlvMvi jy´¤Gb Zuvi AskMÉnGYi KviGY ZuvGK cvjÆvGgG´Ÿi ‰KwU Z`¯¦ KwgwUi mÁÃyLxb nGZ nq| KÑvBfGK cÉ`î gxi RvdGii eÅwî×MZ DcnvGii cwigvY wQj Awek¼vmÅi…Gc wekvj| gxi RvdGii wbKU ˆ^GK wZwb evwlÆK wecyj AvGqi RvqwMiI ˆcGqwQGjb| eÅemvwqK jy¥¤Gbi AG^Æ MfbÆi wnGmGe Zuvi cÉvµ¦ AsGki cwigvYI wQj DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| Zuvi Rxebx ˆjLK gÅvjKGgi gZvbymvGi, wZwb 1760 mvGj Aemi MÉnY KGib ‰es Zuvi cƒGeÆ I cGi evsjv nGZ cÉZÅvMZ mKj ‘bIqve’-‰i gGaÅ meÆGkÉÓ¤ ‘bIqve’ wnGmGe j´£Gb ˆcuŒGQb| 1762 mvGj ZuvGK ‘eÅvib KÑvBf Ae cjvkx’ Dcvwa w`Gq AvBwik AwfRvZgíjxGZ D®²xZ Kiv nq| Zv QvovI 1764 mvGj ZuvGK ‘bvBU Ae w` ev^’ Dcvwa ˆ`Iqv nq| mgËvU kvn Avjg (w«¼Zxq) ZuvGK ‰KàœQ DcvwaGZ f„wlZ KGib| ‰àwj wQj ‘w`jvi Rs’ (iYGÞGò mvnmx), mvBd Rs (hyG«¬i Zievwi), gvwgi‚j gvgvwjK (mvgËvGRÅi AwfRvZ), mve`vZzj gyjK (ivGRÅi wewkÓ¡ eÅwî×) BZÅvw`|

cjvkxi cU cwieZÆb ˆKvÁ·vwbGK NUbvi cƒGeÆ KÑvBf KZ‡ÆK AbywgZ wecyj cwigvY Avq ˆ`LvGZ cvGi wb| eis ˆKvÁ·vwb evsjvq eÅemvi gvaÅGg cÉPzi gybvdv ARÆb KiGjI, cjvkxi hyG«¬i cGi eÅemvGq ÞwZi mÁÃyLxb nGZ ^vGK| cÉwZ eQi ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆ`bv evoGZ ^vGK| ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ ˆ`LGZ cvq ˆh, ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆKZÆvMY evsjvGK ZuvG`i eÅwî×MZ abfvívGi cwiYZ KGiGQ| ˆKvÁ·vwbi eÅemv-evwYRÅGK AMÉvwaKvi bv w`Gq Zviv mevB eÅwî×MZ eÅemvGq AvñwbGqvM KGiGQ| KÑvBfGK evsjvq ˆKvÁ·vwbi wewbGqvMGK jvfRbK Kivi| meÆvGcÞv KwVb ‰K `vwqZ½ w`Gq cybivq evsjvq cvVvb nq|

KÑvBf 1765 mvGj KjKvZv ˆcuŒGQb| wZwb mgy`ËcG^ evsjv AwfgyGL hvòvKvGjB Zuvi AMÉvwaKviwfwîK KgÆc«¬wZi cwiK͸bv cÉYqb KGib| Zuvi Õ¼µ² wQj MfbÆi wnGmGe Zuvi w«¼Zxq kvmbKvjGK hZLvwb mÁ¿e Zuvi RvwZi RbÅ A^Æen I djcÉmƒ KGi ˆZvjv| ‰ KvGR wZwb cÉZÅvkvi AwZwiî× mvdjÅ ARÆb KGib| wZwb ‰jvnvev` hvb ‰es ˆLZvemvi mgËvGUi wbKU ˆ^GK evwlÆK wbqwgZ 26 jÞ wmK&Kv UvKvi wewbgGq BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi RbÅ evsjv, wenvi I DwolÅvi `xDqvwb jvf KGib| ˆKvÁ·vwbi bvGg `xDqvb ‰i c` MÉnGYi mgq wZwb mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc ‰i ivR‹bwZK I cÉkvmwbK ài‚Z½ Dcjwº¬ KiGZ ˆcGiwQGjb| wZwb Abyaveb KGiwQGjb ˆh, ivRKxq digvb eGj ‰G`Gk evwYRÅiZ AbÅvbÅ mgyG`ËvcK„jxq ˆKvÁ·vwb Õ¼fveZB BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi `xDqvwb ‰LwZqvi ˆgGb wbGZ AÕ¼xKvi KiGe; ‰i cwiYvg nGe hy«¬ ‰es AekÅB Zv cwinvi KiGZ nGe| KÑvBf ‰I eySGZ ˆcGiwQGjb ˆh, ˆ`Gki ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©vcbv mÁ·GKÆ ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆKvb AwfæZv ˆbB ‰es evÕ¦weKcGÞ evsjvi MÉvgMé ˆ^GK ivRÕ¼ msMÉn Kivi RbÅ RbejI ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆbB| ‰ cwiwÕ©wZGZ ˆ`kwU mivmwi kvmb Kiv nGZ weiZ ˆ^GK KÑvBf mGeÆvœP ivR‹bwZK `ƒi`wkÆZv cÉ`kÆb KGiGQb| wZwb ˆKvÁ·vwbi cGÞ ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©v cwiPvjbvi RbÅ Šmq` gynÁÃ` ˆiRv Lvb bvGg ‰KRb cviwmK fvMÅvG¯¼lxGK bvGqe `xDqvb (ˆWcywU `xDqvb) cG` wbGqvM KGib| AbÅ K^vq, mvaviYfvGe Š«¼Zkvmb eÅeÕ©v bvGg cwiwPZ KÑvBf cÉewZÆZ kvmbeÅeÕ©vq AG^Æ ev RbeGj ˆKvb wewbGqvM eÅwZGiGK ‰es ˆKvb cÉKvi `vwqZ½ MÉnY bv KGi ˆKvÁ·vwb ˆ`Gki ivRÕ¼ ˆfvM KiGe| ‰wU nGœQ wewbGqvM Qvov AvGqi ‰KwU cÉK‡Ó¡ D`vniY|

ˆKvÁ·vwbi Õ¼vG^Æi w`K ˆ^GK weGePbv KiGj ‰ eÅeÕ©v Zvwî½K I cÉvGqvwMK Dfq ˆÞGòB wQj weÕÃqKi| ‰gbwK KÑvBf wbGRI K͸bv KiGZ cvGib wb ˆh, Zuvi `xDqvwb eÅeÕ©v kxNËB ‰KwU mvgËvGRÅi i…c cwiMÉn KiGe| KÑvBf ‰KRb RvZxq exGi cwiYZ nb| Zuvi cƒYÆveqe cÉwZgƒwZÆ I AveÞ gƒwZÆàwj Bw´£qv Awdm I cvjÆvGg´Ÿ febmn wewf®² cÉKvkÅ Õ©vGb Õ©vwcZ nq| ‰KRb A`gÅ ˆhv«¬v I ‰KwU mvgËvGRÅi cÉwZÓ¤vZv ievUÆ KÑvBf Zuvi RxeGb ‰KwU ˆÞò eÅZxZ AbÅ ˆKvb civRGqi mÁÃyLxb nb wb| wZwb KLbI gGbi welY³ZvGK AwZò×g KiGZ cvGib wb| Zuvi cÉ^g RxeGb AvñnZÅvgƒjK cÉeYZvi ‰KwU cÉgvY AvGQ| hvGnvK, weRGqi ˆivgvçKi NUbvewj, Awfev`b I ˆMŒieMv^v Zuvi fviZxq RxebGK DœQ¾wmZ KGi ˆiGLwQj| wK¯§ j´£Gb ˆkl evGii gGZv cÉZÅveZÆGbi ci hLb Zuvi Rxeb ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe wbtmã I bxie nGq cGo ZLbB mgmÅvwU gv^v Pvov w`Gq IGV ‰es cwiYvGg wZwb ‰i wkKvGi cwiYZ nb| 1774 mvGji 22 bGfÁ¼i KÑvBf àwjGZ AvñnZÅv KGib| [wmivRyj Bmjvg]