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eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, ˆifvGi´£
(1813-1885) cwíZ, wLËÓ¡agÆ cÉPviK I ˆjLK| 1813 mvGji 24 ˆg KjKvZvi kÅvgcyKzGi gvZzjvjGq Zuvi
R¯Ã| ŠcwZ‡K wbevm Pwe»k ciMbvi ebMÉvGg| K‡úGgvnb 1823 mvGj KwjKvZv Õ•zj ˆmvmvBwU cÉwZwÓ¤Z cUjWvãv Õ•zGj (eZÆgvb ˆnqvi Õ•zj) fwZÆ nb|
‰K eQi ci ˆmvmvBwUi e†wîGfvMx Qvò wnGmGe wZwb wn±`y KGjGR fwZÆ nb ‰es
1829 mvj chƯ¦ ‰LvGb AaÅqb KGib| ‰ eQiB wZwb cUjWvãv Õ•zGj wkÞK cG`
ˆhvM`vb KGib| wZwb ˆWwfW ˆnqvGii msÕ·kÆ jvf KGib ‰es wn±`y KGjGRi wkÞK
wWGivwRIi fveaviv «¼viv MfxifvGe cÉfvweZ nb|
K‡úGgvnb
wQGjb msÕ•vigyî× ‰K AvaywbK gGbi gvbyl| wZwb mgÕ¦ iKg agÆxq ˆMuvovwgi
wecGÞ wQGjb| ‰Kw`b ZuviB mnMvgx beÅ`Gji KGqKRb m`mÅ ZuvG`i R‹bK cÉwZGekxi
evwoGZ ˆMv-AwÕ© wbGÞc KiGj wbiciva K‡úGgvnbGK Zvi kvwÕ¦ ˆfvM KiGZ nq;
wZwb evwo ˆ^GK weZvwoZ nb| ‰GZ K‡úGgvnb gvbwmKfvGe AvnZ nb ‰es ‰ NUbvGK
wfwî KGi 1831 mvGj wZwb w` cviwmwKDGUW bvUKwU iPbv KGib| ÷ay
Zv-B bq, wn±`yaGgÆi ‰B KzmsÕ•vi I AGhŒwî×K AvPvGii KviGY wZwb 1832 mvGj
cvw`Ë AvGjKRv´£vi WvGdi wbKU wLËÓ¡aGgÆ `xwÞZ nb|
agÆv¯¦wiZ
nIqvi AcivGa K‡úGgvnbGK cUjWvãvi Õ•zj ˆ^GK c`ZÅvM KiGZ nq| AZtci wZwb
PvPÆ wgkbvwi ˆmvmvBwUi KjKvZv KwgwU cÉwZwÓ¤Z wgRÆvcyi Õ•zGji mycvwibGUG´£´Ÿ
wbhyî× nb| ‰LvGb wLËÓ¡agÆ AvekÅK welq nIqvq gnv DrmvGn wZwb agÆ cÉPvi
÷i‚ KGib| 1833 mvGj eËRbv^ ˆNvl bvgK ‰K evjKGK agÆv¯¦wiZ Kivi `vGq wZwb
mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ KZƆK ˆ`vlx mveÅÕ¦ nb| wK¯§ ZviciI wZwb Õ¨x we±`yevwmbx
ˆ`ex, fvB KvjxGgvnb eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, ævGb±`Êbv^ VvKzi cÉgyLGK wLËÓ¡aGgÆ
`xwÞZ KGib| gaymƒ`b `Gîi agÆv¯¦i MÉnGYi ˆÞGòI Zuvi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv
wQj|
1839
mvGj ò×vBÓ¡ PvPÆ cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGj K‡úGgvnb Zvi AvPvhÆ wbhyî× nb| `xNÆ ˆZGiv
eQi ‰ `vwqZ½ cvjbKvGj wZwb evsjv fvlvq Dcvmbv KiGZb| ‰Lvb ˆ^GK Aemi
MÉnGYi (1852) ci wZwb wekcm KGjGR AaÅvcK cG` ˆhvM`vb KGib ‰es 1868 mvj
chƯ¦ AaÅvcbv KGib| ‰ mgq wZwb evsjv fvlvq wLËÓ¡agÆ PPÆv ‰es `wi`Ë QvòG`i
e†wîi RbÅ AvU nvRvi UvKv `vb KGib|
K‡úGgvnb
wbGR msÕ•‡Z, Aviwe, dviwm, D`yÆ, wnw±`, BsGiwR, wMÉK, jÅvwUb, wneË‚,
Dwoqv, Zvwgj, àRivwU cÉf‡wZ fvlvq eyÅrc®² wQGjb; wK¯§ Zv mGî½I evsjv
fvlvi cÉwZ Zuvi Mfxi kÉ«¬v wQj ‰es ‰i fwelÅr mÁ·GKÆ wZwb LyeB Avkvev`x
wQGjb| ZvB wkÞvi evnb wnGmGe ZLb wZwb BsGiwRGK mg^Æb KiGjI evsjv ˆh
‰K mgq wkÞvi gvaÅg nGe ‰ eÅvcvGi wZwb LyeB Avkvev`x wQGjb|
K‡úGgvnb
÷ay agÆ cÉPviB KGib wb, wkÞv mvwnZÅ mgvR I ivRbxwZ welGqI wZwb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
Ae`vb ˆiGLGQb| 1831 mvGj wZwb beÅ`Gji gyLcò w` ‰bGKvqvivi bvGg
‰KwU BsGiwR mvµ¦vwnK cwòKv cÉKvk KGib| ‰QvovI wZwb wn±`y BD^
(1831), MfbÆGg´Ÿ ˆMGRU (1840), msev` myavs÷ (1850) BZÅvw`
cwòKvi mÁ·v`GKi `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib| 1832 mvGj mZx`vn cÉ^v wbeviGYi AvG±`vjGb
wZwb ivRv ivgGgvnb ivGqi cÞvejÁ¼b KGib| wZwb bvixwkÞvq AvMÉnx wQGjb
‰es 1841 mvGj ‘w` ˆbwUf wdGgj ‰WzGKkb’ bvGg ‰KwU gƒjÅevb cÉe®¬ ˆjGLb,
hv miKvGii bvixwkÞvbxwZi Ici weGkl cÉfve ˆdGj| Zuvi I Avb±`Ggvnb emyi
DG`ÅvGMB 1878 mvGj KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq hyî× cÉGewkKv cixÞv-c«¬wZ
cÉeZÆb KGi|
K‡úGgvnb
KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi wW.‰j (1876) I fviZ miKvGii wm.AvB.B (1878) Dcvwa
jvf KGib| wZwb KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ˆdGjv (1867-68) I KjKvZv cyimfvi
cÉwZwbwa (1880) wQGjb| ˆe^yb ˆmvmvBwU (1851), eãxq mgvR-weævb
mfv (1866), fviZ-msÕ•vi mfv (1870), weËwUk Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb ,
Bw´£qv jxM, Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb I ‰wkqvwUK ˆmvmvBwUi mGãI wZwb
hyî× wQGjb|
K‡úGgvnb
‰KRb AvñghÆv`vcƒYÆ eÅwî× wQGjb| 1847 mvGj KjKvZvi wekc ZuvGK cÉavb mnKgÆxi
ghÆv`v w`GjI Zuvi AaÕ¦b ˆk¼Zvã mnKvixG`i mGã ˆeZb‹elGgÅi KviGY wZwb
Dî× c` MÉnGY AÕ¼xK‡wZ Rvbvb| ˆkl RxeGb ivR‹bwZK ˆÞGòI wZwb `†pZvi cwiPq
w`GqGQb| cvwíGZÅi Õ¼xK‡wZÕ¼i…c ZuvGK AÝGdvWÆ wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ‘eGWb AaÅvcK’
c` MÉnGYi cÉÕ¦ve ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| 1864 mvGj wZwb Ck¼iP±`Ê we`ÅvmvMGii mGã
weGjGZi iqvj ‰wkqvwUK ˆmvmvBwUi m`mÅ wbeÆvwPZ nGqwQGjb|
Mfxi
eyw«¬gîv I ŠbwZK k†›Ljvi AwaKvix K‡úGgvnb cÉvPxb I bexbG`i gGaÅ msGhvM
Õ©vcbKvixi `vwqZ½ cvjb KGiGQb| Zuvi cÉ^g RxeGbi mG±`nev` I DMÉ AkÉ«¬v
Õ©wei wn±`y iÞYkxjZvGK Avgƒj bvov w`GqwQj| wkÞv-mGPZbZvi gvaÅGg Dwbk
kZGK ˆh weµÏe NGUwQj ZvGZ K‡úGgvnGbi f„wgKv wQj weGkl ZvrchÆcƒYÆ| wZwb
KLbI AÕ·Ó¡ ˆeŒw«¬K msæv I K‡wòg K͸bvi AvkÉq ˆbb wb, eis HwZnvwmK `†wÓ¡GZ
wePvi-weGkÏlY I Dcjwº¬GKB wkÞvi wfwî eGj wbG`Æk KGiGQb|
K‡úGgvnb
KÅvjKvUv wiwfD , KÅvjKvUv BbGUwjGR´Övi, ˆeãj ˆÕ·GÙUi , w` gyLvRÆxm gÅvMvwRb, Bw´£qvb AÅvbwUGKvqvwi
cÉf‡wZ cwòKvq wjGLGQb| Zuvi iwPZ Mɯ©: DcG`kgvjv (1840), we`ÅvK͸`Ë‚g
(1846-51), WvqvjM&m Ab w` wn±`y wdjmwd (1861), lo`kÆbmsev`
(1867), w` ‰wiqvb DBUGbm (1875) cÉf‡wZ| ˆZGiv LGí BsGiwR-evsjvq
msKwjZ evsjv wek¼GKvl we`ÅvK͸`Ë‚g Zuvi AmvaviY KxwZÆ| ‰ ˆÞGò
wZwb AbÅZg cw^K‡GZi f„wgKv cvjb KGib| wZwb Kvwj`vGmi iNyesk I
KzgvimÁ¿e KveÅ BsGiwRGZ Abyev` KGib| 1885 mvGji 11 ˆg KjKvZvq
Zuvi g†ZzÅ nq| [wkcÉv `wÕ¦`vi]