K‡wgRvZxq
cÉvYx (Worm) jÁ¼v, mi‚,
big ˆ`nwewkÓ¡ Dcvãnxb AGgi‚`íx cÉvYx| mvaviYfvGe Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nemertea ‰es Annelida cGeÆi AGbK m`mÅ IqvgÆ (worm) bvGg cwiwPZ| IqvgÆ ev K‡wgRvZxq cÉvYxG`i AGbGKB wewf®²
cÉvYxGZ ciRxex; Avevi AGbGKB gvwUGZ ev RjR cwiGeGk gyî×fvGe evm KGi|
ˆMv`GivGMi K‡wg (Filarial worm) jÁ¼v I mi‚ ‰K aiGbi ciRxex
wbgvGUvW| ‰àwji gGaÅ Wuchereria
bancrofti
evsjvG`Gki ˆKvb ˆKvb Açj, weGklZ DîivçGji ˆRjvàwjGZ ˆMv` msò×gY NUvq|
cveÆZÅ PëMÉvGg Brugia malayi wbgvGUvW ˆivMwUi RbÅ `vqx|
gkvevwnZ W. bancrofti I B. malayi gvbylGK Avò×gY KGi ‰es ZvGZ
ˆMv` ev dvBGjwiqv ˆivM ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| W.
bancrofti
I B. malayi jwmKvZG¯¨ ^vGK| W. bancrofti NwUZ jwmKvi dvBGjwiqvGK eÅvbò×d&wUqvb
dvBGjwiqvI eGj| ‰G`i cyi‚l I Õ¨x K‡wg h^vò×Gg 40 I 82 wgwg jÁ¼v| Õ¨x
K‡wg nvRvi nvRvi jvfÆvi (microfilariae) R¯Ã ˆ`q ‰es ‰àwj ivZ 10Uv
ˆ^GK ivZ 2Uvi gGaÅ jwmKvbvjx w`Gq iî×cÉevGn cÉGek KGi| ‰àwj jwmKvZG¯¨
e†w«¬ cvq ‰es eo nGq jwmKvcÉevGn evav m†wÓ¡ KiGj jwmKvbvjx dzGj IGV|
ˆMv` nGjv AíGKvl, Õ¦b ev cvGqi Õ¹xwZ| KGqK RvGZi gkv W.
bancrofti
wbgvGUvW enb KGi| evsjvG`Gk Culex
quinquefasciatus
‰B ˆivGMi cÉavb evnK ‰es mÁ¿eZ Cu.
pipens fatigans
gkvI| XvKv, VvKziMuvI, w`bvRcyi, iscyi I ivRkvnx ˆRjvq W. bancrofti cvIqv ˆMGQ| mvaviYZ 15-30
eQi eqmxivB AwaKZi ˆMv`cÉeY ‰es msò×gGYi nvi 7.2-32.8%| Brugia malayi I W. bancrofti RxevYy AGbKUvB Awf®²| ZGe
cyi‚l B. malayi 13 wgwg jÁ¼v I AvKvGi ˆQvU|
K‡wgàwj jwmKvZG¯¨ ^vGK ‰es ZvGZ cÉavbZ nvZ I cvGq ˆMv` ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| evnKG`i
gGaÅ AvGQ Mansonia,
Aedes, ‰es Culex MGYi gkv|
[ˆhvGmd wW’wmjfv]
üKIqvgÆ (Hookworm) Nematoda cGeÆi A¯¦MÆZ Strongiloidea eGMÆi AaxGb ‰K aiGbi iî×GPvlv cÉvYx| gvbyl ‰es AbÅvbÅ
Õ¦bÅcvqxG`i ˆ`Gn ciRxex wnGmGe ‰iv emevm KGi ‰es üGKi mvnvGhÅ ˆcvlGKi
AG¯¨ AvUGK ^vGK| ‰G`i ˆ`Gni mÁÃyLfvM wKQyUv mi‚ ‰es mvgvbÅ euvKv ‰es
‰ KviGYB mÁ¿eZ ‰G`i üKIqvgÆ bvgKiY Kiv nGqGQ| üKIqvGgÆi `ywU cÉRvwZ,
Ancylostoma duodenale I
Necator americanus
gvbyGli ˆ`Gn msò×wgZ nq| Mevw` c÷, kƒKi, KzKzi, weovj ‰es AbÅvbÅ cÉvwYG`Gn
üKIqvGgÆi wf®² wf®² cÉRvwZi msò×gY NGU| üKIqvGgÆi ZxeË Avò×gGY kixGi
iî×ÞiY, iî×kƒbÅZv ‰es ˆjŒnNvUwZ ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| cyi‚l üKIqvgÆ 8 ˆ^GK 11 wgwg
‰es Õ¨x üKIqvgÆ 9 ˆ^GK 13 wgwg jÁ¼v nq| ‰KwU Õ¨x üKIqvgÆ cÉwZw`b MGo
5000 ˆ^GK 10,000 wWg cvGo| evsjvG`Gk üKIqvgÆ msò×gGYi nvi KzwgÍÏv, ˆbvqvLvjx,
XvKv, ewikvj, w`bvRcyi, iscyi ‰es gqgbwmsn ˆRjvq ˆewk eGj Rvbv ˆMGQ|
wk÷ I bvixG`i Zzjbvq cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyi‚lG`i üKIqvgÆ msò×gY ˆewk nGZ ˆ`Lv
hvq| ‰i KviY mÁ¿eZ cÉvµ¦eqÕ• cyi‚lG`i AwaK msLÅvq K‡wlKvGR mswkÏÓ¡Zv|
A. duodenale-‰i Zzjbvq N. americanus «¼viv ˆewk msò×gY nGZ ˆ`Lv
hvq| evsjvG`Gki gvbyGli AæZv, Aby®²Z Õ¼vÕ©Å eÅeÕ©v ‰es Rxeb-hvcb c«¬wZ
üKIqvgÆ msò×gY NUvGZ mnvqK|
MÉvGgi gvbyGli üKIqvgÆ msò×gY
Lye ˆewk nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| KviY ˆmLvbKvi gvwU gvbyGli gj «¼viv `ywlZ nGq
^vGK ‰es gvbyGli cGÞ memgq RyZv wKsev ˆgvRv cGi ^vKv mÁ¿e nq bv| üKIqvGgÆi
jvfÆv wfGR gvwU wKsev Kv`vq AvkÉq MÉnY KGi ‰es Lye mnGRB Abve†Z Z½K
weGkl KGi cvGqi wbGPi Z½K wQ`Ë KGi ˆ`Gni wfZGi cÉGek KGi| ‰ici iî×cÉevGni
«¼viv n…rwcí, dzmdzm, Lv`Åbvjx nGq ‰Kmgq AG¯¨ ˆcuŒQvq| üKIqvgÆ msò×gGYi
cÉv^wgK jÞY nGœQ ‰i jvfÆvi cÉGekcG^ Z½GKi cÉ`vn hv ‘c` PzjKvwb’ wnGmGe
cwiwPZ| üKIqvgÆ msò×gGY gvbyGli kixGi iî×kƒbÅZv, `yeÆjZv ‰es ˆcU eÅ^v
nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq|
A. caninum mvaviYZ KzKziGK msò×wgZ KGi,
ZGe weovj ‰es wkqvGji ˆ`GnI ‰B üKIqvgÆ ˆ`Lv hvq| mGeÆvœP 28% KzKzi ‰G`i
«¼viv msò×wgZ nGZ ˆ`Lv wMGqGQ| Bunostomum
bovis
üKIqvgÆ Mevw` c÷GK msò×wgZ KGi| ZGe evsjvG`Gk ‰G`i msò×gGYi nvi gvò
5%| [‰.WweÐD.‰g kvgmyj Bmjvg ‰es ˆhvGmd wW’wmjfv]
ˆMvjK‡wg (Roundworm) ‰wU
Nematoda cGeÆi m`mÅG`i mvaviY bvg nGjI gvbyGli A¯¨evmx
Ascaris lumbricoides K‡wgGKB ˆevSvq| ZGe gvbyGli
ˆMvjK‡wgi gGaÅ AvGQ PveyKK‡wg Trichuris
trichura, KzGPvK‡wg Enterobius vermicularis, üKK‡wg Ancylostoma duodenale, myZvK‡wg Strongyloides stercoralis BZÅvw`| ˆ`Lv ˆMGQ, ˆMvjK‡wgi
cÉGKvc cywÓ¡i Afve, Kg IRb I Kg wnGgvG™ÏvweGbi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡| A. lumbricoides K‡wgi msò×gGYi nvi mGeÆvœP
92% I meÆwbÁ² 25% nGZ cvGi| wWg D`iÕ© nGjI msò×gY NGU| gGji mGã wWg
wbMÆZ I cvwbGZ cwievwnZ nq| evsjvG`Gki MÉvgvçGj ˆLvjv cvqLvbv ˆ^GKB
cÉavbZ msò×gY Qovq| ‰G`i wWg gvwU I kvKmewRGZ ˆjGM ^vGK| KuvPv mewR,
cvwb I bv-ˆavqv nvZ msò×gGYi Drm nGZ cvGi| cÉwZwU Õ¨x A.
lumbricoides cÉwZw`b 2 jÞ 50 nvRvi chƯ¦
wWg cvGo ‰es wWgàwj gvwUGZ KGqK gvm Rxe¯¦ ^vGK| PveyK K‡wgi ˆjGRi w`K
PIov I gv^vi w`GKi `yB-Z‡Zxqvsk myZvi gGZv nIqvi RbÅB ‰B bvg| ‰àwj 30-50
wgwg jÁ¼v, cyi‚l K‡wg Õ¨x K‡wgi ˆPGq mvgvbÅ LvGUv| ‰B RvGZi Õ¨x K‡wg
cÉwZw`b 3000-50,000 wWg cvGo| Lvevi ev cvwbi mGã wWg D`iÕ© nGj msò×gY
NGU|
wcbIqvgÆ (Pinworm) Oxyuridae ˆMvGòi wcbm`†k ˆjRwewkÓ¡ ÞzG` wbgvGUvW| gvbyGli
ciRxex `yB cÉRvwZi wcbIqvgÆ nGjv Enterobius
vermicularis
‰es E. gregorii| A͸eqGm ‰B K‡wgGZ Avò×v¯¦
nq wb ‰gb ˆjvK ‰G`Gk `yjÆf| gvbyGli AG¯¨, weGklZ wbGPi AsGk ‰B K‡wgi
cyi‚l I Õ¨x h^vò×Gg 1-4 I 8-13 wgwg jÁ¼v nq| AGbK mgq kZ kZ K‡wg m®¬Åvq
cvqygyGL Ro nGq myomywo jvMvGZ ^vGK| mvaviYZ `k-‰MvGiv eQi eqmxiv nvGgkv
I cÉvµ¦eqÕ•iv gvGSgGaÅ ‰G`i msò×gGY ˆfvGM| ˆjvGK ‰GZ mvov w`Gq cvqygyL
PzjKvq I Zv AeÅvnZ ^vKGj RvqMvwUGZ cÉ`vn ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| Õ¨x K‡wg 4600-16000
wWg cvGo| ‰iv cvqy AçGj ‰Gm wWg QvGo| AvVvGjv wWgàwj mnGRB cvqygyGL
AvUGK hvq| myomywo ÷i‚ nGj wk÷iv cvqygyL PzjKvq, wWgàwj ‰G`i AvOzGj
ˆjGM hvq ‰es AvOzj PzlGj D`iÕ© nq| AG¯¨ wWg dzGU jvfÆv ˆei nq| ‰àwj
eo nGZ mgq jvGM 15-43 w`b| jvfÆv eo nIqvi AvGM i…cv¯¦wiZ nGZ ^vGK| ‰B
msò×gY evsjvG`Gk LyeB eÅvcK| NbemwZ AeÅvnZ ˆivMweÕ¦vGii mnvqK| wKQyUv
msò×gY ÞwZKi bq, wK¯§ PzjKvGbv I AuvPovGbv ˆ^GK Kz´£zwZ (pruritus) ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi| ˆgGqG`i ˆhŒbvGãI
msò×gY NGU ^vGK| cvqygyGL ‰K UzKGiv ˆmGjvGUc jvwMGq wKQyÞY ci AYyexÞGY
ˆ`LGjB mnGR ‰G`i kbvî× Kiv hvq| gjcixÞvq ‰àwj ˆZgb aiv cGo bv| cÉPwjZ
cixÞvi RbÅB mÁ¿eZ evsjvG`Gk wcbIqvgÆ msò×gGY iKgGdi ˆ`Lv hvq| Z^ÅgGZ
Õ¨x I cyi‚Gli ˆÞGò h^vò×Gg meÆwbÁ² nvi 9% I 13%| Õ¼œQj cwievGii Zzjbvq
ewÕ¦evmx I ‰wZgLvbvi wk÷G`i gGaÅ msò×gY AwaK| [ˆhvGmd wW’wmjfv]
AviI ˆ`Lyb AÅvmKÅvwiqvwmm ; wbgvGUvW |
