Kvn×cv (Avby. 10g kZK)  ˆeŒ«¬ wm«¬vPvhÆ I PhÆvc`KZÆv| cÉK‡Z bvg K‡úvPvhÆ cv`, AcösGk nGqGQ Kvn×cv, Kbncv, Kvwn×j cv BZÅvw`| evsjv mvwnGZÅi Avw` wb`kÆb PhÆvcG`i KweGMvÓ¤xi gGaÅ wZwbB wQGjb ˆkÉÓ¤| cvjivR ˆ`ecvGji ivRZ½KvGj (Avby. 900-50) wZwb eZÆgvb wQGjb|

Kvn×cv mÁ·É`vqMZfvGe wQGjb eËvþY , cGi mnwRqv gGZ `xÞv wbGq wm«¬vPvhÆ, gíjvPvhÆ BZÅvw` DcvwaGZ f„wlZ nb| cvnvocyGii ˆmvgcyi wenvGi wZwb AeÕ©vb KiGZb| wZwb ˆeŒ«¬ mnwRqv gGZi Abymvix wQGjb; Rj®¬ix cv wQGjb Zuvi ài‚| PhÆvcG`i 23Rb Kwei gGaÅ Kvn×cvi c`msLÅv meÆvwaK, ˆgvU 13wU| ‰ chƯ¦ Kvn×cvi fwYZvq 74Lvwb MÉG¯©i bvg Rvbv ˆMGQ| AGbGK gGb KGib, mKj MÉG¯©i iPwqZv ‰KB Kvn×cv bvI nGZ cvGib| PhÆvc` Qvov evwKàwj Acösk I msÕ•‡Z fvlvq iwPZ| Zuvi c`àwjGZ ˆeŒ«¬Z¯¨ I wn±`yZG¯¨i wgkÉY AvGQ|

AbÅvbÅ c`KZÆvi gGZv Kvn×cvI mãxZæ wQGjb| Zuvi cÉGZÅK cG`i kxGlÆ ivM-ZvGji DGÍÏL AvGQ| i…cK-cÉZxK-msGKGZi fvlvq iwPZ c`àwjGZ Zuvi KweZ½kwî×i cwiPq cvIqv hvq| Zuvi bvGg cÉPwjZ KGqKwU Mɯ© nGœQ: Kvn×cv`MxwZKv, kÉxGneRÊcwéKv ˆhvMiðgvjv, ˆneRÊmvab ZGî½vG`ÅvrKi, ˆneRÊc«¬wZ gíjwewa BZÅvw`|  [IqvwKj Avng`]