KvV (Wood)  cÉavbZ ˆmjyGjvm (cellulose), ˆnwgGmjyGjvm (hemicellulose) I wjMwbb (lignin)-‰ MwVZ e†GÞi Afů¦ixY Ask| KvGVi MVb Dcv`vGbi gGaÅ DœPgvòvq (22-29%) wjMwbb (lignin) ^vKvq KvGVi ˆ`n Abe`Å `†pZv ˆcGqGQ ‰es ZvGZ KvVGK e†GÞi AbÅvbÅ `ËeÅ ˆ^GK Õ¼KxqZv cÉ`vb KGiGQ| ‰KwU MvQ hZB DœPZvwewkÓ¡ ˆnvK bv ˆKb KvV ZvGK LvovfvGe ^vKGZ mvnvhÅ KGi| KvVGK gvwU ˆ^GK cvwb enb KGi MvGQi DcwifvGM mieivn KiGZ nq| KvGVi ‰KwU wbw`ÆÓ¡ Õ©vGb Lv`Å gRy` ^vGK hZÞY bv ˆm Lv`Å Rxe¯¦ MvGQi cÉGqvRb nq| MvGQi QvGji wbKUeZÆx AsGk ‰K cÉKvi nvjKv iGOi KvV ^vGK hvGK mim ev ˆKvgj KvV (sapwood) ejv nq| ‰ AskI Rxe¯¦ ˆKvl «¼viv MwVZ ‰es MvGQi RxebPGò× ‰i ‰KwU mwò×q f„wgKv iGqGQ| KÅvgweqvGgi (cambium) cGiB ‰i AeÕ©vb|

ˆKvgj KvGVi Õ¦Gii cyi‚Z½ ‰es ‰i gGaÅ we`Ågvb ˆMÉv^ wis (growth ring)-‰i msLÅvi ZviZgÅ nGZ cvGi| KvGVi ˆK±`Êxq Ask mvaviYZ ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe kî× I Mvp is-‰i nq ‰es ‰B AskGK ejv nq A¯¦iKvV (heart wood)| ˆKvgj KvGVi wis-‰i Afů¦Gi Rxe¯¦ ˆKvGli cwieZÆGbi dGj m†Ó¡ wbwÓ˜q ˆKvl (inactive cells) «¼viv ‰B Ask MwVZ| mÁ¿eZ cÉvYim enb I mçviY ‰es AbÅvbÅ Rxeb c«¬wZGZ ZvG`i KvhÆò×g hLb eüjvsGk KGg AvGm ZLb ‰B ˆKvl m†wÓ¡ nq| A¯¦iKvV KvGVi gGaÅ meÆvGcÞv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Ask KviY AGbK ˆKvgj KvGVi Zzjbvq A¯¦iKvGV mnGR cPb aGi bv|

KvV

KvGVi ˆgŒwjK kî× MVb KvVGK eüwea eÅenvGii RbÅ Dchyî× àYvejx cÉ`vb KGiGQ| evsjvG`Gk Avmevecò , ˆKweGbU, M†n, ˆbŒKv , RvnvR, ˆijIGq wÕÏcvi, Še`yÅwZK LuywU, R¾vjvwb cÉf‡wZ KvGR KvV eÅvcKfvGe eÅen…Z nq|  [‰g. ‰ mvîvi]

KvVmsiÞY (Wood preservation)  ivmvqwbK `ËeÅvw` cÉGqvGMi gvaÅGg ÞwZKi KxUcZGãi Avò×gY ˆ^GK KvV, KvVRvZ  `ËeÅvw` I AvmevGei KvGVi Þq, cPb ev ÞwZ ˆiva| KvV mvaviYZ QòvK (mv`v cPb, ev`vwg cPb I ˆKvgj cPb QòvK), KxUcZã , ( DBGcvKv , weUj , NyYGcvKv), mvgyw`ËK ‰K aiGbi wSbyK ‰es AbÅvbÅ bvbv cÉwò×qvq ÞwZMÉÕ¦ nq|

‰gb ˆKvb ‰KK msiÞK ˆbB hv msiÞGYi meàwj Pvwn`v ˆgUvGZ cvGi| KvVmsiÞK nGZ cvGi ŠZjR, Zij eÕ§ A^ev ‰KwU wgkÉY| wò×GqvGmvU I ˆc´ŸvGKÑvGivGdbj (PCP), ŠZjR ŠRemsiÞK ‰Kmgq evsjvG`Gk KvGVi LuywU, LvÁ¼v I ˆijIGq wÕÏcvi msiÞGY eÅen…Z nGZv| AvRKvj wò×GqvGmvU ÷ayB ˆijIGq wÕÏcvi msiÞGY eÅen…Z nGœQ| RjR A‹Re msiÞK wnGmGe ˆò×vwgqvghyî× ZvgË-AvGmÆGbU UvBc wm (CCA-C) evsjvG`Gk KvGVi Še`yÅwZK LvÁ¼v, ˆbvOi-euvavi LvÁ¼v I KwoKvGV eÅen…Z nGq ^vGK| ˆò×vwgqvghyî× ZvgË-ˆevib (CCB) AvGiKwU msiÞK hv Še`yÅwZK wgUviGevWÆ, KvGVi cÅvGKwRs, `iRv, Rvbvjv, Avmevecò BZÅvw` Afů¦ixY mvgMÉxGZ eÅen…Z nq| Z‡ZxqwU nGjv msiÞK is hv ŠZj I cvwbhyî× ‰K aiGbi wgkÉY, ˆhgb wò×GqvGmvUhyî× ˆevib (HCR)|

msiÞGK cÉwò×qvK‡Z KvGVi wRwbmcGòi Avqy eÅen…Z msiÞGKi KvGVi MfxGi cÉGekÅZv, iÞYkwî× I AvUGK ^vKvi ÞgZvi Ici wbfÆikxj| ZGe ‰àwj meB wbfÆi KGi msiÞY c«¬wZi Ici| evsjvG`Gk eÅen…Z wewf®² c«¬wZi gGaÅ iGqGQ ˆaŒZKiY, cÉGjcb, wQUvGbv I ZiGj WzevGbv, wfRvGbv, Mig-Vvív AeMvn, eÅvcbwò×qv I PvccÉGqvM| ˆMvUv ˆKvGli Dci PvccÉGqvM msiÞGKi ˆf`ÅZv ev iÞYÞgZvi w`K ˆ^GK mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ ‰es evwYwRÅK wfwîGZ evsjvG`Gk eÅen…Z nq| ‰B c«¬wZGZ KvGVi Afů¦i cÉ^Gg evqykƒbÅ KGi msiÞK `ËeGY Pvc w`Gq Zv KvGVi kƒbÅ ˆKvlàwjGZ fivU Kiv nq| evsjvG`Gk f„wg I cvwbi msÕ·GkÆ ^vKv KvVmvgMÉx msiÞGYi RbÅ CCA-C ‰es mviKvV I euvkmn Afů¦ixY mvgMÉxi RbÅ CCB mse®¬K `ËeÅ eÅen…Z nq| 

KvV wmRwbs (Wood seasoning)  wfRv ev KuvPv KvV ˆ^GK Av`ËÆZv AcmviY A^ev KvV ÷Ó•KiY| Av`ËÆZv KvGVi Afů¦Gi gyî× cvwb wnGmGe A^ev ˆKvlcÉvPxGi ivmvqwbKfvGe Ave«¬ cvwb wnGmGe ^vGK| Av`ËÆZvi cwigvY 30 kZvsGki ˆewk nGj ˆmB KvVGK mvaviYZ KuvPv KvV ejv nq|

wmRwbs ev ˆUKmBKiGY KvGVi àYMZ gvb I Õ©vwqZ½ e†w«¬ cvq| Dchyî× wmRwbs KvGVi AvqyÓ•vj evovq ‰es ÞwZKi KxUcZã I AYyRxGei Avò×gY ˆ^GK KvVGK euvPvq| weGk¼i wewf®² ˆ`Gk cÉPwjZ wewf®² cÉvK‡wZK I K‡wòg wmRwbsGqi gGaÅ mweGkl DGÍÏLGhvMÅ evqy, evÓ· I cvwb wmRwbs ‰es evÓ·xq, ivmvqwbK, ˆmŒifuvwU I fuvwU «¼viv ÷Ó•KiY Avi eyjUb (Boulton) WÈvwqs|

evqy wmRwbs c«¬wZGZ KvV cÉvK‡wZK evqy I ZvGc ˆLvjv RvqMvq ev Qvqvq `xNÆ mgq ˆiGL ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰wU ‰KwU wPivPwiZ c«¬wZ ‰es ‰GZ evsjvG`Gki RjevqyGZ 25 wgwjwgUvGii AwaK PIov ˆMvjvKvi I ˆPivB KvV cyGiv ‰KwU kxZ FZzmn KgcGÞ ‰K eQGii RbÅ ˆdGj ivLGZ nq| cvZjv KvV, Zî×v, ˆevWÆ, R¾vjvwb KvV mvaviYZ ˆKej ZvovZvwo ÷KvGbvi RbÅ mivmwi ˆivG` ivLv nq| AZů¦ ˆUKmB I kî× KvGVi RbÅB evqy wmRwbs jvfRbK, cÞv¯¦Gi cjKv KvV cÉvqB QòvK, ˆcvKv I ˆgvΣ (molds) «¼viv Avò×v¯¦ nq ‰es mgvbfvGe wmRwbs mÁ¿e nq bv| evGÓ· ÷KvGbv cÉwò×qvq KvV ev KvVRvZ mvgMÉx e«¬ ˆkvlYvavGi wm«¬ KGi cGi evZvGm ÷KvGbv nq|

evGÓ· ÷Ó•KiY AGcÞv evÓ·-fÅvKzqvg cÉwò×qv D®²ZZi, ˆKbbv evÓ·Õ²vGb D KvV ˆ^GK evqy wbMÆZ nIqvq KvGVi Av`ËÆZv nËvm cvq|

cvwbGZ wmRwbs evÕ¦weK ˆKvb wmRwbs c«¬wZ bq, ‰KwU ˆ`kxq c«¬wZ gvò hv ‰KwU cÉ^v wnGmGe evsjvG`Gk cÉPwjZ| ‰B c«¬wZGZ KuvPv KvV ev euvk KGqK mµ¦vn ˆ^GK KGqK gvm chƯ¦ cvwbGZ ˆiGL cGi evZvGm ev PzwÍÏGZ ÷wKGq eÅenvi ev msiÞY Kiv nq| cvwb cÉGqvGMi dGj wKQy mwçZ Lv`ÅeÕ§ Acm†Z ev webÓ¡ nq, dGj KvVàwj KxUcZGãi AvKlÆY nvivq ‰es AwaK mwœQ`Ë nIqvq `Ë‚Z ÷Kvq|

ˆmŒifuvwUGZ ÷KvGbvi c«¬wZGZ KvGjv iGOi wUGbi Qv`Iqvjv KuvGPi ŠZwi ‰KwU MÉxbnvDR ˆmŒiZvc AvUGK ˆiGL ‰KwU ˆgvUi dÅvGbi mvnvGhÅ H fuvwU ev NGi Mig evZvm mçvjb KiGj ˆmLvGb ivLv cvZjv ˆPivBKvV AvGÕ¦ AvGÕ¦ ÷wKGq hvq| AZxGZ evsjvG`Gk Kwo eiMv, wgUvi ˆevWÆ, Zî×v BZÅvw` ÷KvGbvi RbÅ ‰B aiGbi fuvwU Õ©vcb Kiv nGZv, wK¯§ ˆmàwj ‰Lb Avi eÅen…Z nq bv|

fuvwUGZ KvV ÷KvGbvi cÉwò×qvq ZvcGivaK ‰KwU e«¬ KGÞ ev fuvwUGZ DœPZvc m†wÓ¡mn Av`ËÆZv I evqy cÉevn wbq¯¨GY ivLv nq| c«¬wZwU mGeÆvrK‡Ó¡ eGj weGewPZ, ˆKbbv ‰GZ mgvbfvGe ‰es h^vmÁ¿e `Ë‚Z KvV ÷KvGbv hvq|

evsjvG`Gk KvGVi LuywU, ˆbvOi euvavi LuywU, `iRv-Rvbvjv, Avjgvwi, Avmevecò cÉf‡wZ ŠZwii RbÅ ˆPivB KvV ÷KvGZ ÷Ó•KiY fuvwU ev wmRwbs fuvwU eÅen…Z nq| mvaviYZ big I cvZjv KvV mnGR I ZvovZvwo ÷Kvq, wK¯§ AGcÞvK‡Z kî× I fvwi KvV axGi ÷Kvq| evsjvG`k ebwk͸ D®²qb KGcÆvGikb QvovI KwZcq ˆemiKvwi DG`Åvî×vG`i gvwjKvbvq Lyjbv, PëMÉvg, Kvµ¦vB, XvKv, MvRxcyi I kÉxgãGj KvV ÷KvGbvi fuvwU cÉwZwÓ¤Z nGqGQ|  [Ai‚Y Kzgvi jvwnox]

KvGVi ÞwZKi KxUcZã (pests of wood)  KwZcq KvV wQ`ËKvix ˆcvKv m`Å KvUv MvQ Avò×gY KGi ‰es cÉvqk KvGVi Mfxi chƯ¦ wQ`Ë evbvq| ‰B ˆcvKv KvVfzK bq, ZGe ‰G`iB ŠZwi wQG`Ëi gGaÅ R¯ÃvGbv ‰GÁ¼Ëvwmqv bvgK QòvK ‰G`i Lv`Å| ‰àwji gGaÅ AvGQ Platypus, Crossotarsus, (Platypodidae: Coleoptera), Xyleborus I Webbia (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) MGYi cÉRvwZiv|

NyYGcvKv, Heterobostrychus, Sinoxylon, Dinoderus) (Bostrychidae : Coleoptera) ÷Ó• KvV Avò×gY KGi| ‰àwj ÷ay ˆk¼ZmvicÉavb ˆKvgjKvV wQ`Ë KGi ‰es KvV gq`vi gGZv wgwn àuGovq cwiYZ nq| Hoplocerambyx spinicornis I Batocera (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) bvGgi jÁ¼v AÅvbwUbvwewkÓ¡ KwZcq weUj KvGVi wfZGi wQ`Ë KGi ‰es ‰B myoãàwj mvaviYZ KvGVi àuGovq fGi ^vGK| KvGcÆ´Ÿvi ex (Carpenter bee bvGg cwiwPZ Xylocopa (Xylocopidae: Hymenoptera) evmv ŠZwii RbÅ KvGV myoã evbvq| ˆek wKQy cÉRvwZi DBGcvKv gvwUGZ ˆdGj ivLv, à`vgRvZ A^ev eÅen…Z nGœQ ‰gb KvV Avò×gY KGi cÉPzi ÞwZ KGi|

KvGVi ˆcvKvi ÞwZmvab ˆ^GK cÉwZGivGai Dcvq KvGV msiÞYgƒjK Jlya cÉGqvM, KxUbvkK wQUvGbv, cvwjk jvwMGq ˆfŒZ evav m†wÓ¡, KvV `Ë‚Z ˆKGU wbGq ÷KvGbv, cvwbGZ RvM ˆ`Iqv, KxUcÉwZGivaK KvV eÅenvi BZÅvw`| cÉwZGlaK wnGmGe welvî× MÅvm ˆauvqv cÉGqvM, PzwÍÏGZ ZvGci mvnvGhÅ I wdÌGR ŠkGZÅi mvnvGhÅ wbeÆxRb BZÅvw`I hG^Ó¡ KvhÆKi| KwZcq mvgyw`ËK AvG^ËÆvGcvW I ˆgvjvÕ• ˆcvZvkÉGqi Õ©vcbv, cvBwjs, ˆbŒKv ‰es jeYvî× cvwbGZ fvmgvb KvGVi ÞwZmvab KGi| ‰G`i gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ gribbles, Limnoria spp (Crustacca), Teredo, ‰es Bankia (Bivalvia: Mollusca)|  [‰g Iqvwn` eLk]

AviI ˆ`Lyb  Avmevecò ; DBGcvKv ; `vi‚wk͸ |