KvRx
bRi‚j Bmjvg (1899-1976) evsjvG`Gki RvZxq Kwe ‰es Awefî× evsjvi mvwnZÅ,
mgvR I msÕ•‡wZ ˆÞGòi AbÅZg ˆkÉÓ¤ eÅwî×Z½| evsjv mvwnGZÅi BwZnvGm wZwb
‘weG`Ëvnx Kwe’ ‰es AvaywbK evsjv MvGbi RMGZ ‘eyjeyj’ bvGg LÅvZ| iex±`ÊbvG^i
AbyKiYgyî× KweZv iPbvq Zuvi Ae`vb LyeB ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| Zuvi eÅwZò×gagÆx KweZvi
RbÅB ‘wòGkvîi AvaywbK KweZv’i m†wÓ¡ mnRZi nGqwQj eGj gGb Kiv nq| bRi‚j
mvwnZÅKgÆ ‰es wewf®² ivR‹bwZK KgÆKvGíi gvaÅGg Awefî× evsjvq civaxbZv,
mvÁ·É`vwqKZv, mvgËvRÅev`, DcwbGekev`, ˆgŒjev` ‰es ˆ`wk-weG`kx ˆkvlGYi
wei‚G«¬ msMÉvg KGib| ‰ KviGY BsGiR miKvi Zuvi KGqKwU Mɯ© I cwòKv wbwl«¬
KGi ‰es ZuvGK Kviv`Gí `wíZ KGi| bRi‚jI Av`vjGZ wjwLZ ivRe±`xi Revbe±`x
w`Gq ‰es cÉvq PwÍÏk w`b ‰KUvbv Abkb KGi BsGiR miKvGii ˆRj-RyjyGgi cÉwZev` RvwbGq BwZnvm m†wÓ¡ KGib ‰es ‰i
mg^ÆGb ˆbvGej weRqx iex±`Êbv^ VvKzi ZuvGK Mɯ© DrmMÆ KGi kÉ«¬v Rvbvb|
bRi‚j
Zuvi KweZvq eÅwZò×gx ‰gb me welq I kõ eÅenvi KGib, hv AvGM KLbI
eÅen…Z nq wb| KweZvq wZwb mgKvjxb ivR‹bwZK I mvgvwRK h¯¨YvGK
aviY Kivq Af„ZcƒeÆ RbwcÉqZv ARÆb KGib| ZGe gvbemfÅZvi KGqKwU
ˆgŒwjK mgmÅvI wQj Zuvi KweZvi DcRxeÅ| bRi‚j Zuvi m†wÓ¡KGgÆ wn±`y-gymjgvGbi
wgkÉ HwZGnÅi cwiPhÆv KGib| KweZv I MvGb wZwb ‰B wgkÉ HwZnÅGPZbvekZ
cÉPwjZ evsjv QG±`vixwZ QvovI AGbK msÕ•‡Z I Aviwe Q±` eÅenvi
KGib| bRi‚Gji BwZnvm-ˆPZbvq wQj mgKvjxb ‰es `ƒi I wbKU AZxGZi
BwZnvm, mgfvGe Õ¼G`k I Av¯¦RÆvwZK wek¼| evsjv mãxGZi cÉvq meKwU avivi cwiPhÆv I cwicywÓ¡, evsjv MvbGK Dîi fviZxq ivMmãxGZi `†p wfwîi Ici Õ©vcb ‰es ˆjvKmãxZvkÉqx evsjv MvbGK DcgnvG`Gki e†nîi gvMÆmãxGZi HwZGnÅi mGã mshywî× bRi‚Gji ˆgŒwjK mãxZcÉwZfvi cwiPvqK| |
 |
KvRx
bRi‚j Bmjvg Qwe: nexeyÍÏvn evnvi, Avgvbyj nK msMÉn |
bRi‚j
1306 eãvGõi 11 ŠRÅÓ¤ (24 ˆg
1899) cwøgeGãi eaÆgvb ˆRjvi Pzi‚wjqv MÉvGg R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| Zuvi wcZv KvRx
dwKi Avng` wQGjb gmwRG`i Bgvg I gvhvGii LvG`g| bRi‚Gji WvK bvg wQj ‘`yLy wgqv’| 1908 mvGj wcZvi g†ZzÅ
nGj bRi‚j cwievGii fiY-ˆcvlGYi RbÅ nvwR cvGjvqvGbi gvhvGii ˆmeK ‰es
gmwRG` gyqvwäGbi KvR KGib| wZwb MÉvGgi gKZe ˆ^GK wbÁ² cÉv^wgK cixÞvqI DîxYÆ nb| ŠkkGei ‰B wkÞv I wkÞKZvi gaÅ w`Gq
bRi‚j A͸eqGmB Bmjvg aGgÆi ˆgŒwjK AvPvi-AbyÓ¤vb, ˆhgb cweò KziAvb cvV, bvgvh , ˆivRv, nä , hvKvZ cÉf‡wZ welGqi mGã NwbÓ¤fvGe cwiwPZ nIqvi myGhvM jvf KGib| cieZÆx RxeGb
evsjv mvwnZÅ I mãxGZ Bmjvwg HwZGnÅi i…cvqGY H AwfæZv mnvqK nGqwQj|
gKZe,
gvhvi I gmwR`-RxeGbi ci bRi‚j ivp evsjvi (cwøg evsjvi eaÆgvb-exif„g
Açj) KweZv, Mvb Avi b†GZÅi wgkÉ AvwãK ˆjvKbvUÅ ˆjGUv`Gj ˆhvM`vb
KGib| Hme ˆjvKmsÕ•‡wZi `Gj evjK bRi‚j wQGjb ‰KvavGi cvjvMvb
iPwqZv I AwfGbZv| bRi‚Gji Kwe I wk͸x RxeGbi ÷i‚ ‰B ˆjGUv`j ˆ^GKB| wn±`y
cyivGYi mGã bRi‚Gji cwiPqI ˆjGUv`j ˆ^GKB ÷i‚ nGqwQj| ZvrÞwYKfvGe KweZv
I Mvb iPbvi ˆKŒkj bRi‚j ˆjGUv ev KweMvGbi `GjB iµ¦ KGib| ‰ mgq
ˆjGUv`Gji RbÅ wKGkvi Kwe bRi‚Gji m†wÓ¡ Pvlvi mO, kKzwbea,
ivRv hywawÓ¤Gii mO, `vZv KYÆ, AvKei ev`kvn, Kwe
Kvwj`vm, we`Åvf„Zzg, ivRcyGòi mO, eyo mvwjGKi NvGo
ˆiuv, ˆgNbv` ea cÉf‡wZ|
1910
mvGj bRi‚j cybivq QvòRxeGb wdGi hvb| cÉ^Gg wZwb ivbxMé wmqviGmvj ivR
Õ•zj ‰es cGi gv^i‚b DœP BsGiwR Õ•zGj (cGi bexbP±`Ê BbwÕ¡wUDkb) fwZÆ
nb| ˆkGlvî× Õ•zGji ˆnW-gvÕ¡vi wQGjb Kwe Kzgy`iéb gwÍÏK ; bRi‚j
Zuvi mvw®²aÅ jvf KGib| `yfÆvMÅò×Gg Avw^ÆK AbUGbi KviGY lÓ¤ ˆkÉYxi ci
bRi‚Gji QvòRxeGb Avevi weN³ NGU| gv^i‚b Õ•zj ˆQGo wZwb cÉ^Gg evmyG`Gei
Kwe`Gj, cGi ‰K wLËÓ¡vb ˆijIGq MvGWÆi Lvbmvgv cG` ‰es ˆkGl AvmvbGmvGj
Pv-i‚wUi ˆ`vKvGb KvR ˆbb| ‰fvGe wKGkvi kÉwgK bRi‚j Zuvi evjÅRxeGbB i…p
evÕ¦eZvi mGã mgÅKfvGe cwiwPZ nb|
Pv-i‚wUi
ˆ`vKvGb PvKwi Kivi mgq AvmvbGmvGji `vGivMv iwdRDÍÏvi mGã bRi‚Gji cwiPq
nq ‰es Zuvi myevG`B bRi‚j 1914 mvGj gqgbwmsn ˆRjvi wòkvGji `wiivgcyi
Õ•zGj mµ¦g ˆkÉYxGZ fwZÆ nb| ‰K eQi ci wZwb cybivq wbGRi MÉvGg wdGi hvb
‰es 1915 mvGj Avevi ivbxMé wmqviGmvj ivRÕ•zGj AÓ¡g ˆkÉYxGZ fwZÆ nb|
‰ Õ•zGj bRi‚j 1915-17 mvGj ‰KUvbv AÓ¡g ˆ^GK `kg ˆkÉYx chƯ¦ cov÷bv KGib|
wcÉGUÕ¡ cixÞvi mgq 1917 mvGji ˆklw`GK bRi‚j ˆmbvevwnbxGZ ˆhvM ˆ`b| QvòRxeGbi
ˆkl eQiàwjGZ bRi‚j wmqviGmvj Õ•zGji PviRb wkÞK «¼viv bvbvfvGe cÉfvweZ
nb| Zuviv nGjb DœPvãmãxGZ mZxkP±`Ê Kvwéjvj, weµÏex fveavivq wbeviYP±`Ê
NUK, dviwm mvwnGZÅ nvwdR byi‚®²ex ‰es mvwnZÅPPÆvq bGM±`Êbv^ eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq|
1917
mvGji ˆklw`K ˆ^GK 1920 mvGji gvPÆ-‰wcÉj chƯ¦ cÉvq AvovB eQi bRi‚Gji
mvgwiK RxeGbi cwiwa| ‰ mgGqi gGaÅ wZwb 49 ˆeãwj ˆiwRGgG´Ÿi ‰KRb mvaviY
ŠmwbK ˆ^GK eÅvGUwjqb ˆKvqvUÆvi gvÕ¡vi nvwej`vi chƯ¦ nGqwQGjb| ˆiwRGgG´Ÿi
cvévwe ˆgŒjwei wbKU wZwb dviwm fvlv ˆkGLb, mãxZvbyivMx mn‹mwbKG`i mGã
ˆ`wk-weG`kx ev`Åh¯¨ mnGhvGM mãxZPPÆv KGib ‰es ‰KB mGã mgfvGe
MG`Å-cG`Å mvwnZÅPPÆv KGib| KivwP ˆmbvwbevGm eGm iwPZ ‰es KjKvZvi wewf®²
còcwòKvq cÉKvwkZ bRi‚Gji iPbvewji gGaÅ iGqGQ ‘evDízGji AvñKvwnbx’ ( mIMvZ ,
ˆg 1919) bvgK cÉ^g M`Å iPbv, cÉ^g cÉKvwkZ KweZv ‘gywî×’ ( eãxq gymjgvb mvwnZÅ cwòKv , RyjvB 1919) ‰es AbÅvbÅ iPbv: M͸ ‘ˆnbv’,
‘eÅ^vi `vb’, ‘ˆgGni ˆbMvi’, ‘NyGgi ˆNvGi’; KweZv ‘Avkvq’, ‘KweZv mgvwa’
cÉf‡wZ| DGÍÏLGhvMÅ ˆh, KivwP ˆmbvwbevGm ˆ^GKI wZwb KjKvZvi wewf®² mvwnZÅcwòKv,
ˆhgb: cÉevmx , fviZelÆ , fviZx ,
gvbmx , gÁÃÆevYx, meyRcò , mIMvZ
I eãxq gymjgvb mvwnZÅ cwòKvi MÉvnK wQGjb| ZvQvov Zuvi KvGQ iex±`Êbv^,
kirP±`Ê, ‰gbwK dviwm Kwe nvwdGRiI wKQy Mɯ© wQj| cÉK‡ZcGÞ bRi‚Gji AvbyÓ¤vwbK
mvwnZÅPPÆvi ÷i‚ KivwPi ˆmbvwbevGm ^vKveÕ©vqB|
cÉ^g
gnvhy«¬ ˆkGl 1920 mvGji gvPÆ gvGm bRi‚j ˆ`Gk wdGi KjKvZvq mvwnwZÅK-mvsevw`K
Rxeb ÷i‚ KGib| KjKvZvq Zuvi cÉ^g AvkÉq wQj 32bs KGjR Õ¡ËxGU eãxq gymjgvb mvwnZÅ mwgwZ -i AwdGm mwgwZi AbÅZg KgÆKZÆv gyRd&di AvngG`i
mGã| ÷i‚GZB ˆgvmGjg fviZ , eãxq gymjgvb mvwnZÅ cwòKv, Dcvmbv cÉf‡wZ cwòKvq Zuvi mG`ÅviwPZ euvab-nviv DcbÅvm ‰es ‘ˆevab’, ‘kvZ-Bj-Avie’, ‘ev`j cÉvGZi kive’, ‘AvMgbx’, ‘ˆLqv-cvGii
ZiYx’, ‘ˆKvievbx’, ‘ˆgvnii&g’, ‘dvGZnv-B-ˆ`vqvR&`g&’ cÉf‡wZ
KweZv cÉKvwkZ nGj evsjv mvwnZÅ ˆÞGò PvçGjÅi m†wÓ¡ nq| evsjv mvwnGZÅi
‰B bexb cÉwZfvi cÉwZ mvwnZÅvbyivMxG`i `†wÓ¡ cGo| Kwe-mgvGjvPK ˆgvwnZjvj gRyg`vi ˆgvmGjg fviZ cwòKvq cÉKvwkZ ‰K cGòi gvaÅGg bRi‚Gji
‘ˆLqv-cvGii ZiYx’ ‰es ‘ev`j cÉvGZi kive’ KweZv`ywUi DœQ¾wmZ cÉksmv KGib
‰es evsjvi mviÕ¼Z mgvGR ZuvGK Õ¼vMZ Rvbvb| bRi‚j eãxq gymjgvb mvwnZÅ
mwgwZi AwdGm ˆgvRvGÁÃj nK , AvdRvjyj nK, KvRx Ave`yj I`y` , gynÁÃ` knx`yÍÏvn& cÉgyL
mgKvjxb gymjgvb mvwnwZÅGKi mGã NwbÓ¤ nb| Aciw`GK KjKvZvi ZrKvjxb RgRgvU
`ywU mvwnwZÅK Avmi ‘MGRb`vi Avìv’ I ‘fviZxq Avìv’q AZzjcÉmv` ˆmb , w`Gb±`Êbv^ VvKzi, Aebx±`Êbv^ VvKzi , mGZű`Êbv^ `î , Pvi‚P±`Ê eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq, IÕ¦v` KigZzÍÏv Luv, ˆcÉgvâzi AvZ^Æx , wkwki fv`yox, ˆnGg±`ÊKzgvi
ivq, kirP±`Ê PGëvcvaÅvq , wbgÆGj±`y jvwnox, aƒRÆwUcÉmv` gyGLvcvaÅvq cÉgyL evsjvi
mgKvjxb wk͸, mvwnZÅ, mãxZ I bvUÅRMGZi w`KcvjG`i mGã cwiwPZ I NwbÓ¤ nevi myGhvM cvb| bRi‚j 1921
mvGji AGÙvei gvGm kvw¯¦wbGKZGb iex±`ÊbvG^i mGã mvÞvr KGib; ZLb ˆ^GK
1941 chƯ¦ `yB `kK evsjvi `yB cÉavb Kwei gGaÅ ˆhvMvGhvM I NwbÓ¤Zv AÞzY³
wQj|
‰.ˆK
dRjyj nGKi (ˆkGi-evsjv) mÁ·v`bvq AmnGhvM I wLjvdZ AvG±`vjGbi ˆcÉÞvcGU
1920 mvGji 12 RyjvB mv®¬Å Š`wbK behyM cÉKvwkZ nGj Zvi
gvaÅGgB bRi‚Gji mvsevw`K RxeGbi mƒòcvZ NGU| bRi‚Gji ˆjLv ‘gynvwRixb
nZÅvi RbÅ `vqx ˆK?’ cÉeG®¬i RbÅ H eQGiiB AvMÕ¡-ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼Gii w`GK cwòKvi
RvgvbZ evGRqvµ¦ nq ‰es bRi‚Gji Ici cywjGki `†wÓ¡ cGo| behyM cwòKvi
mvsevw`Ki…Gc bRi‚j ˆhgb ‰Kw`GK Õ¼G`k I Av¯¦RÆvwZK RMGZi ivR‹bwZK-mvgvwRK
AeÕ©v wbGq wjLwQGjb, ˆZgwb gyRd&di AvngG`i mGã wewf®² ivR‹bwZK mfv-mwgwZGZ
DcwÕ©Z ˆ^GK mgKvjxb ivR‹bwZK cwiwÕ©wZ mÁ·GKÆI IqvwKenvj nwœQGjb| cvkvcvwk
wewf®² NGivqv Avmi I AbyÓ¤vGb ˆhvM`vb ‰es mãxZ cwiGekGbi gaÅ w`Gq Zi‚Y
Kwei msÕ•‡wZPPÆvI AMÉmi nwœQj| bRi‚j ZLbI wbGR Mvb wjGL myi KiGZ ÷i‚
KGib wb, ZGe Zuvi KGqKwU KweZvq myi w`Gq Zvi Õ¼iwjwcmn còcwòKvq cÉKvk
KGiwQGjb eËvþmgvGRi mãxZæ ˆgvwnbx ˆmb൦v, ˆhgb: ‘nqZ ˆZvgvi cve ˆ`Lv’,
‘IGi ‰ ˆKvb& ˆÕ²n-myiaybx’| bRi‚Gji Mvb ‘evRvI cÉfz evRvI Nb’ cÉ^g
cÉKvwkZ nq mIMvZ cwòKvi 1327 mvGji ŠekvL msLÅvq|
1921
mvGji ‰wcÉj-Ryb gvm bRi‚Gji RxeGbi RbÅ AZů¦ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ I ZvrchÆcƒYÆ
mgq| ‰ mgq wZwb gymwjg mvwnZÅ mwgwZi AwdGm cwiwPZ nb cyÕ¦K cÉKvkK Avjx
AvKei LvGbi mGã ‰es Zuvi mGãB bRi‚j cÉ^g KzwgÍÏvq weiRvmy±`ix ˆ`exi
evwoGZ AvGmb| ‰LvGb wZwb cÉgxjvi mGã cwiwPZ nb ‰es ‰B cwiPGqi mƒò aGiB
cGi Zuviv cwiYqmƒGò Ave«¬ nb|
KzwgÍÏv
ˆ^GK bRi‚j ˆ`ŒjZcyi MÉvGg Avjx AvKei LvGbi evwoGZ wMGq wKQyKvj AeÕ©vb
KGib| ˆmLvb ˆ^GK 19 Ryb cybivq KzwgÍÏvq wdGi wZwb 17 w`b AeÕ©vb KGib|
ZLb AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGb KzwgÍÏv DG«¼wjZ| bRi‚j wewf®² ˆkvfvhvòv
I mfvq ˆhvM w`Gq MvBGjb mG`ÅviwPZ I myivGivwcZ Õ¼G`kx Mvb: ‘‰ ˆKvb cvMj
cw^K QyGU ‰Gjv ew±`bx gvi Avwãbvq’, ‘AvwR iî×-wbwk ˆfvGi/ ‰wK ‰ ÷wb
IGi/ gywî×-ˆKvjvnj e±`x-k†›LGj’ cÉf‡wZ| ‰fvGeB KjKvZvi ˆmŒwLb MxwZKvi
I MvqK bRi‚j KzwgÍÏvq AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGb ˆhvM`vb ‰es civaxbZvi wei‚G«¬
RvMiYx Mvb iPbv I cwiGekbvi gaÅ w`Gq Õ¼G`kx Mvb iPwqZv I ivR‹bwZK KgÆxGZ
cwiYZ nb|
1921
mvGji bGfÁ¼i gvGm bRi‚j Avevi KzwgÍÏv hvb| 21 bGfÁ¼i fviZeÅvcx niZvj
wQj| bRi‚j cybivq cG^ bvGgb ‰es AmnGhvM wgwQGji mGã kni cÉ`wÞY KGi Mvb:
‘wfÞv `vI! wfÞv `vI! wdGi PvI IGMv cyievmx|’ ‰ mgq ZziGÕ• gaÅhyMxq mvg¯¦
kvmb wUwKGq ivLvi RbÅ fviGZ gymjgvbiv wLjvdZ AvG±`vjb KiwQj|
gnvñv Mv®¬xi ˆbZ‡GZ½ AmnGhvM Avi gIjvbv ˆgvnvÁÃ` Avjx I kIKZ Avjxi ˆbZ‡GZ½
wLjvdZ AvG±`vjGbi `kÆGb bRi‚j AvÕ©vkxj wQGjb bv| Õ¼G`Gk mkÕ¨ weµÏGei
gvaÅGg Õ¼ivR ev Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆb Avi ˆgvÕ¦dv Kvgvj AvZvZzGKÆi ˆbZ‡GZ½ ZziGÕ•i
mvjZvbvZ DG`Kvix beÅ ZzwKÆ AvG±`vjGbi cÉwZ bRi‚Gji mg^Æb wQj; Z^vwc
fviGZi wn±`y I gymjgvb mÁ·É`vGqi mwÁÃwjZ mvgËvRÅev` weGivax msMÉvGgi
RbÅB wZwb H `ywU AvG±`vjGb ˆhvM`vb KGib|
1921
mvGji wWGmÁ¼i gvGm KzwgÍÏv ˆ^GK KjKvZv ˆdivi ci bRi‚Gji `ywU
HwZnvwmK I ŠeµÏweK m†wÓ¡KgÆ nGœQ ‘weG`Ëvnx’ KweZv I ‘fvOvi Mvb’ mãxZ|
‰ `ywU iPbv evsjv KweZv I MvGbi avivGK mÁ·ƒYÆ e`Gj w`GqwQj; ‘weG`Ëvnx’
KweZvi RbÅ bRi‚j wecyj LÅvwZ I RbwcÉqZv ARÆb KGib|
1921
mvGji ˆklw`GK bRi‚j AvGiKwU weLÅvZ KweZv ‘Kvgvj cvkv’ iPbv KGib, hvi
gvaÅGg Zuvi mgKvjxb Av¯¦RÆvwZK BwZnvm-ˆPZbv ‰es fviZxq gymjgvbG`i wLjvdZ
AvG±`vjGbi AmviZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| bRi‚j Zuvi ivÓ¡Ëxq aÅvb-aviYvq meGPGq
ˆewk cÉfvweZ nGqwQGjb ˆgvÕ¦dv Kvgvj cvkvi ˆbZ‡Z½ «¼viv, KviY wZwb mvg¯¦Zvw¯¨K
wLjvdZ ev ZziGÕ•i myjZvbGK DGœQ` KGi ZziÕ•GK ‰KwU AvaywbK agÆwbiGcÞ
cÉRvZG¯¨ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGiwQGjb| ZziGÕ•i mgvRRxeb ˆ^GK ˆgvÕ¦dv Kvgvj ˆh
ˆgŒjev` I c`ÆvcÉ^v `ƒi KGiwQGjb, Zv bRi‚jGK ˆewk AbycÉvwYZ KGiwQj| wZwb
ˆfGewQGjb, ZziGÕ• hv mÁ¿eci, fviZ I evsjvq Zv mÁ¿eci bq ˆKb? eÕ§Z, ˆMuvovwg,
iÞYkxjZv, agÆv®¬Zv, KzmsÕ•vi I AvPvimeÆÕ¼Zv ˆ^GK ˆ`kevmx, weGklZ Õ¼agÆxG`i
gywî×i RbÅ bRi‚j AvRxeb msMÉvg KGi ˆMGQb| 1917 mvGji i‚k mgvRZvw¯¨K
weµÏeI bRi‚jGK bvbvfvGe cÉfvweZ KGiwQj| bRi‚Gji jvãj
I MYevYx cwòKvq cÉKvwkZ ‘mvgÅev`x’ I ‘meÆnviv’ KweZvàœQ ‰es KwgDwbÕ¡
B´ŸvibÅvkbvj-‰i Abyev` ‘RvM Abkb e±`x IV ˆi hZ’ ‰es ‘ˆiW dÑvM’ AejÁ¼Gb
iî×cZvKvi Mvb ‰i cÉgvY|
1922
mvGj bRi‚Gji ˆhme mvwnZÅKgÆ cÉKvwkZ nq ˆmmGei gGaÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ wQj M͸-msKjb
eÅ^vi `vb, KweZv-msKjb Aw™²-exYv I cÉe®¬-msKjb hyMevYx|
evsjv KweZvi cvjve`jKvix KveÅ Aw™²-exYv cÉKvGki mGã mGã ‰i cÉ^g
msÕ•iY ˆkl nGq hvq ‰es cici KGqKwU bZzb msÕ•iY cÉKvk KiGZ nq; KviY ‰
KvGeÅ bRi‚Gji ‘cÉjGqvÍÏvm’, ‘AvMgbx’, ‘ˆLqvcvGii ZiYx’, ‘kvZ-Bj&-Avie’,
‘weG`Ëvnx’, ‘Kvgvj cvkv’ cÉf‡wZ evsjv mvwnGZÅ mvov RvMvGbv ‰es evsjv
KweZvi ˆgvo ˆdivGbv KweZv msKwjZ nGqwQj|
1922
mvGj bRi‚Gji Aci weµÏex D`Åg nGjv aƒgGKZz cwòKvi cÉKvk
(12 AvMÕ¡)| cwòKvwU mµ¦vGn `yevi cÉKvwkZ nGZv| weGki `kGK AmnGhvM I
wLjvdZ AvG±`vjGbi eÅ^ÆZvi ci mkÕ¨ weµÏeevG`i cybivwefÆvGe aƒgGKZz
cwòKvi ZvrchÆcƒYÆ Ae`vb wQj| ‰K AG^ÆÆ ‰B cwòKv nGq DGVwQj mkÕ¨ weµÏexG`i
gyLcò| cwòKvwU cÉKvwkZ nGZv ‘KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg KjÅvYxGqly, Avq PGj AvqGi
aƒgGKZz| AuvavGi euva Aw™²GmZz, `yw`ÆGbi ‰B `yMÆwkGi DwoGq ˆ` ˆZvi weRq
ˆKZb|’ iex±`ÊbvG^i ‰B AvkxeÆvYx kxGlÆ aviY KGi| aƒgGKZzi 26 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i
1922 msLÅvq bRi‚Gji cÉœQ®² ivR‹bwZK KweZv ‘Avb±`gqxi AvMgGb’ cÉKvwkZ
nGj 8 bGfÁ¼i cwòKvi H msLÅvwU wbwl«¬ Kiv nq| bRi‚Gji cÉe®¬Mɯ© hyMevYx
evGRqvµ¦ nq 23 bGfÁ¼i 1922| ‰KB w`Gb bRi‚jGK KzwgÍÏv ˆ^GK ˆMÉdZvi KGi
KjKvZvq Avbv nq| wePvivaxb ew±` wnGmGe 1923 mvGji 7 Rvbyqvwi bRi‚j AvñcÞ
mg^Æb KGi wPd ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö gÅvwRGÕ¡ËU myBbGnvi Av`vjGZ ˆh Revbe±`x cÉ`vb
KGib, evsjv mvwnGZÅi BwZnvGm Zv ‘ivRe±`xi Revbe±`x’ bvGg mvwnZÅ-ghÆv`v
ˆcGq AvmGQ| 16 Rvbyqvwi wePvGii ivGq bRi‚j ‰K eQi mkÉg Kviv`Gí `wíZ
nb|
bRi‚j
hLb Avwjcyi ˆm´ŸÈvj ˆRGj ew±` ZLb iex±`Êbv^ Zuvi em¯¦ MxwZbvUÅ
ZuvGK DrmMÆ KGib (22 Rvbyqvwi 1923)| ‰ NUbvq DÍÏwmZ bRi‚j ˆRjLvbvq eGm
Zuvi Abycg KweZv ‘AvR m†wÓ¡ myGLi DÍÏvGm’ iPbv KGib| mgKvjxb AGbK iex±`Êfî×
I AbyivMx Kwe-mvwnwZÅK welqwU fvGjv ˆPvGL ˆ`GLb wb| ‰ eÅvcvGi ˆKD ˆKD
AwfGhvM KiGj iex±`Êbv^ ZuvG`i bRi‚j-KveÅcvGVi civgkÆ ˆ`b ‰es eGjb, ‘...hyGMi
gbGK hv cÉwZdwjZ KGi, Zv ÷ay KveÅ bq, gnvKveÅ|’
1923
mvGji 14 ‰wcÉj bRi‚jGK üMwj ˆRGj Õ©vbv¯¦i Kiv nq| ivRew±`G`i cÉwZ BsGiR
ˆRj-mycvGii `yeÆÅenvGii cÉwZevG` H w`b ˆ^GKB wZwb Abkb agÆNU ÷i‚ KGib|
iex±`Êbv^ Abkb fã Kivi AbyGiva RvwbGq bRi‚jGK ˆUwjMÉvg KGib: ‘Give up hunger
strike, our literature claims you.’ AekÅ ˆRj KZ‡ÆcGÞi wei…c
gGbvfvGei KviGY bRi‚j ˆUwjMÉvgwU cvb wb| ‰w`GK RbgGZi PvGc 1923 mvGji
22 ˆg ˆRj-cwi`kÆK W. Ave`yÍÏvn ˆmvnivIqv`ÆÆx üMwj ˆRj cwi`kÆb KGib ‰es
Zuvi Avk¼vm I AbyGivGa H w`bB bRi‚j PwÍÏk w`Gbi Abkb fã KGib| bRi‚jGK
1923 mvGji 18 Ryb enigcyi ˆRGj Õ©vbv¯¦i Kiv nq ‰es ‰K eQi wZb mµ¦vn
KvivevGmi ci 15 wWGmÁ¼i ZuvGK gywî× ˆ`Iqv nq| üMwj ˆRGj eGm bRi‚j iPbv
KGib ‘‰B wkKj-civ Qj ˆgvG`i ‰ wkKj-civ Qj’, Avi enigcyi ˆRGj ‘RvGZi
bvGg eävwZ me RvZ-Rvwjqvr ˆLj&GQ Ryqv’ ‰B weLÅvZ Mvb `ywU|
bRi‚Gji
ˆcÉg I cÉK‡wZi KweZvi cÉ^g msKjb ˆ`vjb-Puvcv cÉKvwkZ nq 1923 mvGji AGÙveGi| ‰GZ msKwjZ `xNÆ KweZv ‘cƒRvwiYx’-ˆZ
bRi‚Gji ˆivgÅvw´ŸK ˆcÉg-ˆPZbvi eügvwòK Õ¼i…c cÉKvwkZ nGqGQ|
1924
mvGji 25 ‰wcÉj KjKvZvq bRi‚j I cÉgxjvi weevn mÁ·®² nq| cÉgxjv wQGjb
eËvþmgvRfzî×| Zuvi gv wMwievjv ˆ`ex Qvov cwievGii AbÅiv ‰ weevn mg^Æb
KGib wb| bRi‚jI Avñxq-Õ¼Rb ˆ^GK wewœQ®² wQGjb| üMwji gnxqmx gwnjv wgGmm
gvmygv ingvb weevncGeÆ cÉavb f„wgKv cvjb KGib| bRi‚j üMwjGZ msmvi cvGZb|
1924
mvGji 10 AvMÕ¡ bRi‚Gji Mvb I KweZv msKjb weGli euvkx ‰es ‰KB
gvGm fvãvi Mvb cÉKvwkZ nq| `ywU Mɯ©B H eQi AGÙvei I bGfÁ¼i gvGm
miKvi KZƆK evGRqvµ¦ nq|
1925
mvGj bRi‚Gji MvGbi cÉ^g ˆiKWÆ cÉKvwkZ nq wnR gvÕ¡vmÆ fGqm (‰BP.‰g.wf)
ˆKvÁ·vwb ˆ^GK, hw`I 1928 mvGji AvGM bRi‚j MÉvGgvGdvb ˆKvÁ·vwbi
mGã mivmwi mswkÏÓ¡ nb wb| wk͸x nGi±`Êbv^ `Gîi KG¥¤ ‘RvGZi bvGg eävwZ
me RvZ-Rvwjqvr ˆLj&GQ Ryqv’ I ‘hvK cyGo hvK wewai weavb mZÅ ˆnvK’
Mvb `ywU ˆiKWÆ Kiv nq|
bRi‚j
‰ mgq wewf®² ivR‹bwZK mfv-mwgwZ I AbyÓ¤vGb ˆhvM w`GZb ‰es Õ¼iwPZ Õ¼G`kx
Mvb cwiGekb KGi civaxbZvi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvGg gvbylGK D«¼y«¬ KiGZb| wZwb
Zuvi ‰KwU RbwcÉq Õ¼G`kx Mvb ‘ˆNvi& ˆi ˆNvi& ˆi Avgvi mvGai Pi&Kv
ˆNvi’ 1925 mvGji ˆg gvGm dwi`cyGi AbywÓ¤Z KsGMÉGmi AwaGekGb gnvñv Mv®¬x
I ˆ`ke®¬z wPîiéb `vGki DcwÕ©wZGZ cwiGekb KGib| 1925 mvGji ˆkl w`GK bRi‚j
cÉZÅÞ ivRbxwZGZ ˆhvM`vb KGib| wZwb KzwgÍÏv, ˆgw`bxcyi, üMwj, dwi`cyi,
euvKzov ‰es evsjvG`Gki wewf®² Õ©vGb ivR‹bwZK mfv-mwgwZGZ AskMÉnY KGib|
bRi‚j ‰ mgq eãxq cÉvG`wkK KsGMÉGmi m`mÅ nIqv QvovI kÉwgK I K‡lK AvG±`vjGbi
RbÅ ‘kÉwgK-cÉRv-Õ¼ivR `j’ MVGb mwò×q f„wgKv ivGLb| ivRbxwZK bRi‚Gji
‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ DG`ÅvM wQj mvµ¦vwnK jvãj cwòKv cÉKvk (16 wWGmÁ¼i
1925)| wZwb ‰B cwòKvi cÉavb mÁ·v`K wQGjb| ‰i cÉ^g msLÅvGZB bRi‚Gji ‘mvgÅev`x’
KweZvmgwÓ¡ gyw`ËZ nq| jvãj wQj evsjv fvlvq cÉKvwkZ cÉ^g ˆkÉYxmGPZb
mvµ¦vwnK cwòKv| ‰GZ cÉKvwkZ ‘kÉwgK-cÉRv-Õ¼ivR `Gj’i gÅvwbGdGÕ¡vGZ cÉ^g
fviGZi cƒYÆ Õ¼vaxbZvi `vwe DïvwcZ nq| ‰ mgq bRi‚j ˆckvRxex kÉwgK-K‡lK
msMVGbi DcGhvMx mvgÅev`x I meÆnviv KveÅMɯ© cÉKvk KGib|
1926
mvGj bRi‚j K‡úbMGi emevm ÷i‚ KGib ‰es evsjv MvGb ‰K bZzb avivi msGhvRb
KGib| wZwb Õ¼G`kx MvbGK Õ¼vaxbZv I ˆ`kvñGevGai gGaÅ mxgve«¬ bv ˆiGL
meÆnviv ˆkÉYxi MYmãxGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ KGib| ÕÃiYxq ˆh, 1927 mvGji ‰wcÉj gvGm
bRi‚j KjKvZvi cÉ^g evgc¯©x mvµ¦vwnK MYevYxi (1927 mvGji 12 AvMÕ¡
ˆ^GK MYevYx I jvãj ‰Kxf„Z nq) RbÅ iPbv KGib ‘KwgDwbÕ¡
B´ŸvibÅvkbvj’ I ‘ˆiW dÑvM’ AejÁ¼Gb ‘RvGMv Abkb e±`x’, ‘iî×cZvKvi Mvb’
BZÅvw`| 1925 mvGj bRi‚Gji cÉKvkbvmgƒGni gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ wQj: M͸-msKjb
wiGî×i ˆe`b, KweZv I MvGbi msKjb wPîbvgv, QvqvbU, mvgÅev`x
I cƒGei nvIqv| wn±`y-gymjgvb HGKÅi AMÉ`ƒZ ˆ`ke®¬z wPîiéb `vGki AKvj
g†ZzÅGZ (16 Ryb 1925) ˆkvKvnZ bRi‚j KZƆK iwPZ Mvb I KweZv wbGq wPîbvgv
Mɯ©wU msKwjZ nq|
1926
mvGji bGfÁ¼Gi AbywÓ¤Z ˆK±`Êxq AvBbmfvi DœP cwilG`i m`mÅcG`i RbÅ cƒeÆeã
ˆ^GK wbeÆvPGb cÉwZ«¼w±«¼Zv Kiv bRi‚Gji ivR‹bwZK RxeGb ‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ
NUbv| ‰ DcjGÞ wZwb cƒeÆevsjvq, weGklZ XvKv wefvGM eÅvcKfvGe mdi KGib|
Õ•zjRxeGb wòkvj-`wiivgcyGi ^vKvKvGj ‰ Açj mÁ·GKÆ Zuvi ˆh AwfæZvi mƒòcvZ
nq, ivR‹bwZK I ŠeevwnK KviGY Zv AviI Mfxi nq|
bRi‚j
wQGjb evsjv MRj MvGbi mËÓ¡v| MYmãxZ I MRGj ˆhŒeGbi `ywU wewkÓ¡
w`K msMÉvg I ˆcÉGgi cwiPhÆvB wQj gyLÅ| bRi‚j MRj AvwãK msGhvRGbi gvaÅGg
evsjv MvGbi cÉPwjZ avivq ŠewPòÅ Avbqb KGib| Zuvi AwaKvsk MRGji evYxB
DrK‡Ó¡ KweZv ‰es Zvi myi ivMwfwîK| AvwãGKi w`K ˆ^GK ˆmàwj D`yÆ MRGji
gGZv Zvjhyî× I ZvjQvov MxZ| bRi‚Gji evsjv MRj MvGbi RbwcÉqZv mgKvjxb
evsjv MvGbi BwZnvGm wQj Zzjbvnxb| 1926-27 mvGj K‡úbMi RxeGb bRi‚j Dfq
avivq eümsLÅK Mvb iPbv KGib| H mgGq wZwb wbGRi MvGbi Õ¼iwjwc cÉKvk KiGZ
^vGKb| ‰me Mvb ˆ^GK Õ·Ó¡ nq ˆh, bRi‚Gji m†Rbkxj ˆgŒwjK mãxZ cÉwZfvi
cÉ^g Õ¹ziY NGU 1926-27 mvGj K‡úbMGi| A^P bRi‚Gji K‡úbMi Rxeb wQj Afve-AbUb,
ˆivM-ˆkvK I `ytL-`vwi`ËÅwKÑÓ¡| ZLbI chƯ¦ bRi‚j ˆKvGbv cÉPvi gvaÅGgi
mGã mswkÏÓ¡ nb wb, ZGe w`jxcKzgvi ivq I mvnvbv ˆ`exi gGZv eo
gvGci wk͸x I mãxZæ bRi‚Gji MvbGK wewf®² AvmGi I AbyÓ¤vGb cwiGekb KGi
RbwcÉq KGi ˆZvGjb|
1927
mvGj ‰Kw`GK mvµ¦vwnK kwbevGii wPwV-ˆZ iÞYkxj wn±`y weGklZ
eËvþYmgvGRi ‰KwU Ask ˆ^GK, Aciw`GK ˆgŒjev`x gymjgvb mgvGRi Bmjvg
`kÆb, ˆgvmGjg `cÆY cÉf‡wZ cwòKvq bRi‚j-mvwnGZÅi wei…c mgvGjvPbvi
So IGV| kwbevGii wPwV-ˆZ bRi‚Gji wewf®² iPbvi cÅviwW cÉKvwkZ
nGZ ^vGK| ZGe bRi‚Gji mg^ÆGb KGÍÏvj, KvwjKjg cÉf‡wZ cÉMwZkxj
cwòKv ‰wMGq AvGm| 1927 mvGj bRi‚Gji KweZv I MvGbi msKjb dwY-gbmv
‰es cGòvcbÅvm euvab nviv cÉKvwkZ nq|
1927
mvGji 28 ˆdeË‚qvwi bRi‚j XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi eyw«¬i gywî× AvG±`vjGbi
cÉeî×v gymwjg mvwnZÅ mgvR -‰i cÉ^g evwlÆK mGÁÃjGb ˆhvM`vb KGib|
1928 mvGji ˆdeË‚qvwi gvGmi w«¼Zxq mµ¦vGn bRi‚j gymwjg mvwnZÅ mgvR-‰i
w«¼Zxq evwlÆK mGÁÃjGb ˆhvM`vGbi RbÅ cybivq XvKv AvGmb| ˆmevi wZwb XvKv
wek¼we`ÅvjGqi AaÅvcK KvRx ˆgvZvnvi ˆnvGmb , Qvò ey«¬G`e emy ,
AwRZ `î ‰es MwYGZi Qvòx dwRjvZzG®²mvi mGã cwiwPZ nb| ‰KB eQi Ryb gvGm
cybivq XvKv ‰Gj mãxZ PPÆvGKG±`Êi ivby ˆmvg (cÉwZfv emy) I Dgv ŠgGòi
(ˆjvUb) mGã Kwei NwbÓ¤Zv nq| A^Ævr ‰ mgq cici wZbevi XvKvq ‰Gm bRi‚j
XvKvi cÉMwZkxj AaÅvcK, Qvò I wk͸xG`i mGã cwiwPZ nGq IGVb| Iw`GK 1928
mvGj KjKvZvq gIjvbv AvKig Luv -i gvwmK ˆgvnvÁÃ`x
cwòKvq bRi‚j-weGivwaZv ÷i‚ nq, wK¯§ ˆgvnvÁÃ` bvwmiDóxGbi mIMvZ cwòKv
ewjÓ¤fvGe bRi‚jGK mg^Æb KGi| bRi‚j mIMvGZ ˆhvM`vb KGi ‰KwU igÅ
wefvM cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ½ MÉnY KGib| mIMvGZ cÉKvwkZ ‰K cÉeG®¬ Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyóxb bRi‚jGK hyMcÉeZÆK Kwe I evsjvi RvZxq Kwe wnGmGe AvLÅvwqZ
KGib|
bRi‚j
1928 mvGj MÉvGgvGdvb ˆKvÁ·vwbi mGã, 1929 mvGj ˆeZvi I gGçi mGã ‰es 1934
mvGj PjwœPGòi mGã hyî× nb| 1928 ˆ^GK 1932 mvj chƯ¦ wZwb ‰BP.‰g.wf MÉvGgvGdvb
ˆKvÁ·vwbi mGã mãxZ-iPwqZv I cÉwkÞKi…Gc hyî× wQGjb| ‰BP.‰g.wf-ˆZ bRi‚Gji
cÉwkÞGY cÉ^g ˆiKWÆK‡Z Zuvi `ywU Mvb ‘fzwj ˆKgGb’ I ‘‰Z Rj I KvRj ˆPvGL’
ˆMGqwQGjb Avãyievjv| bRi‚Gji wbGRi cÉ^g ˆiKWÆ wQj Õ¼iwPZ ‘bvix’ KweZvi
Ave†wî| bRi‚j KjKvZv ˆeZvi ˆK±`Ê ˆ^GK cÉ^g AbyÓ¤vb cÉPvi KGib 1929 mvGji
12 bGfÁ¼i mv®¬Å AwaGekGb| 1929 mvGj gGbvGgvnb w^GqUvGi cÉ^g gçÕ© kPx±`Êbv^
ˆmbàGµ¦i iî×Kgj bvUGKi RbÅ bRi‚j Mvb iPbv I myi msGhvRbv KGib|
kPx±`Êbv^ H bvUKwU bRi‚jGK DrmMÆ KGib| 1930 mvGj gçÕ© g¯Ã^ ivGqi PvçjÅ
m†wÓ¡Kvix bvUK KvivMvi-‰ bRi‚Gji AvUwU Mvb wQj, bvUKwU ‰KUvbv
18 iRbx gçÕ© nIqvi ci miKvi wbwl«¬ KGi|
1929
mvGji 10 wWGmÁ¼i KjKvZvi ‰jevUÆ nGj evOvwjG`i cÞ ˆ^GK weG`Ëvnx Kwe KvRx
bRi‚j BmjvgGK ‰K eYÆvXÅ mseaÆbv ˆ`Iqv nq| ZvGZ mfvcwZZ½ KGib AvPvhÆ
cÉdzÍÏP±`Ê ivq , Awfb±`b-cò cvV KGib eÅvwiÕ¡vi ‰m IqvGR` Avjx , ÷GfœQv fvlY ˆ`b wewkÓ¡ ivRbxwZK myfvlP±`Ê emy (ˆbZvRx)
‰es ivqevnv`yi Rjai ˆmb | KweGK ˆmvbvi ˆ`vqvZ-Kjg Dcnvi ˆ`Iqv
nq| ‰B mseaÆbv mfvq cÉdzÍÏP±`Ê ivq eGjwQGjb, ‘Avgvi wek¼vm, bRi‚j BmjvGgi
KweZv cvGV AvgvG`i fvex eskaGiiv ‰K ‰KwU AwZ gvbyGl cwiYZ nBGe|’ myfvlP±`Ê
emy eGjwQGjb, ‘Avgiv hLb hy«¬ ˆÞGò hve ZLb ˆmLvGb bRi‚Gji hyG«¬i Mvb
MvIqv nGe! Avgiv hLb KvivMvGi hve, ZLbI Zuvi Mvb MvBe|’
1929
mvGji Rvbyqvwi gvGm bRi‚j PëMÉvg mdGi AvGmb ‰es nexeyÍÏvn evnvi I kvgmy®²vnvi fvBGevGbi AvwZ^Å MÉnY KGib; e®¬z KgGiW
gyRd&di AvngG`i R¯ÃÕ©vb m±`¾xcI ögY KGib| 1928-29 mvGj bRi‚Gji cÉKvwkZ
KweZv I MvGbi msKjGbi gGaÅ wQj: wm®¬z-wnG±`vj (1928), mwçZv
(1928); eyjeyj (1928), wRéxi (1928) I Pò×evK (1929)|
1929 mvGj Kwei Z‡Zxq cyò KvRx meÅmvPxi R¯Ã nq, Avi ˆg gvGm Pvi eQGii
wcÉqcyò eyjeyj em¯¦ ˆivGM gviv hvq| Kwe ‰GZ cÉPí AvNvZ cvb| AGbGK eGjb
‰ g†ZzÅ Kwei RxeGbi ˆgvo NywiGq ˆ`q| wZwb ò×gk A¯¦gÆyLx nGq IGVb ‰es
AvaÅvwñK mvabvi w`GK SuyGK cGob| eyjeyGji ˆivMkhÅvq eGm bRi‚j nvwdGRi
i‚evBqvr Abyev` KiwQGjb, hv cGi i‚evBqvr-B-nvwdR bvGg cÉKvwkZ
nq| 1930 mvGj cÉKvwkZ nGqwQj bRi‚Gji ivR‹bwZK DcbÅvm g†ZzÅÞzav,
MvGbi msKjb bRi‚j-MxwZKv, bvwUKv wSwjwgwj ‰es KweZv I
MvGbi msKjb cÉjq-wkLv I P±`Êwe±`y| ˆkGlvî× Mɯ©wU evGRqvµ¦
‰es cÉjq-wkLv-i RbÅ bRi‚Gji wei‚G«¬ gvgjv `vGqi I ˆMÉdZvwi cGivqvbv
Rvwi nq| 1930 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i cÉKvwkZ Av`vjGZi ivGq bRi‚Gji Qq gvGmi
mkÉg Kviv`Gíi AvG`k nq, bRi‚j nvBGKvGUÆ Avwcj I Rvwgb jvf KGib| BGZvgGaÅ
Mv®¬x-AviDBb Pzwî×i dGj nvBGKvUÆ KZƆK bRi‚Gji wei‚G«¬ gvgjv LvwiGRi
AvG`k ˆ`Iqv nq, dGj bRi‚jGK w«¼Zxqevi Kvivevm KiGZ nq wb|
1931
mvGji Ryb gvGmi w«¼Zxq mµ¦vn ˆ^GK RyjvB gvGmi gvSvgvwS mgq chƯ¦ bRi‚j
`vwRÆwjs mdi KGib| iex±`Êbv^I ZLb `vwRÆwjs-‰ wQGjb| Zuvi mGã bRi‚Gji
mvÞvr nq| ‰ eQi cÉKvwkZ nq bRi‚Gji DcbÅvm KzGnwjKv, M͸-msKjb
wkDwjgvjv, MvGbi Õ¼iwjwc bRi‚j-Õ¼iwjwc ‰es MxwZbvUÅ AvGjqv|
bRi‚Gji ‰ bvUKwU KjKvZvi bvUÅwbGKZGb (3 ˆcŒl 1338) cÉ^g gçÕ© nq| ‰GZ
MvGbi msLÅv wQj 28wU| H eQi bRi‚j AviI ˆhme bvUGKi RbÅ Mvb iPbv I myivGivc
KGib ˆmmGei gGaÅ wQj hZx±`ÊGgvnb wmsGni aË‚eZviv DcbÅvGmi bvUÅi…Gci
PviwU Mvb (ˆKej myi msGhvRb), g¯Ã^ ivGqi mvweòx bvUGKi 13wU Mvb
(iPbv I myivGivc)| 1932 mvGj KjKvZv ˆeZvi ˆ^GK cÉPvwiZ g¯Ã^ ivGqi güqv
bvUGKi Mvbàwji iPwqZvI wQGjb bRi‚j|
1932
mvGji bGfÁ¼i gvGm bRi‚j wmivRMGé eãxq gymjgvb Zi‚Y mGÁÃjGb ‰es 25 I
26 wWGmÁ¼i KjKvZv ‰jevUÆ nGj eãxq gymjgvb mvwnZÅ mGÁÃjGb ˆhvM`vb KGib|
mGÁÃjGbi mfvcwZ Kwe KvqGKvev` bRi‚jGK gvjÅf„wlZ KGib| 1932 mvGj
bRi‚Gji cÉKvkbvi gGaÅ meàwjB wQj MxwZmsKjb, ˆhgb: myi-mvKx,
RyjwdKvi I eb-MxwZ|
1932-33
mvj ‰K eQi bRi‚j ‰BP.‰g.wf ˆQGo ˆgMvGdvb ˆiKWÆ ˆKvÁ·vwbi mGã mswkÏÓ¡
wQGjb| ‰B ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆiKWÆ Kiv cÉ^g `ywU bRi‚jmãxZ wQj axGib `vGmi MvIqv
‘Rq evYx we`Åv`vwqbx’ I ‘jßx gv ZzB’| 1933 mvGj bRi‚j ‰ÝKÑywmf KGÁ·vRvii…Gc
‰BP.‰g.wf-ˆZ cybivq ˆhvM`vb KGib| ‰ mgq Zuvi AGbK Mvb ˆiKWÆ nq| 1933
mvGj bRi‚j wZbwU gƒjÅevb Abyev`-KgÆ mgvµ¦ KGib: i‚evBqvr-B-nvwdR,
i‚evBqvr-B-Igi ŠLqvg ‰es KveÅ Avgcviv|
ˆiKWÆ,
ˆeZvi I gGçi ci bRi‚j 1934 mvGj PjwœPGòi mGã hyî× nb| wZwb cÉ^Gg ˆh
QvqvQwei RbÅ KvR KGib ˆmwU wQj wMwikP±`Ê ˆNvGli Kvwnbx fî× aË‚e (1934)|
‰ QvqvQwei cwiPvjbv, mãxZ iPbv, myi msGhvRbv I cwiPvjbv ‰es bviG`i f„wgKvq
Awfbq I bviG`i PviwU MvGbi ˆµÏeÅvK bRi‚j wbGRB KGib| Qwei AvVvGivwU
MvGbi gGaÅ mGZGivwUi iPwqZv I myiKvi wQGjb bRi‚j| ‰Qvov wZwb Avi ˆhme
PjwœPGòi mGã mswkÏÓ¡ wQGjb ˆmàwj nGjv: cvZvjcyix (1935), MÉGni
ˆdi (1937), we`ÅvcwZ (evsjv I wn±`x 1938), ˆMviv (1938),
bw±`bx (1945) ‰es Awfbq bq (1945)| wewf®² QvqvQweGZ 1945
mvGji gGaÅ eÅen…Z bRi‚jmãxGZi msLÅv cÉvq AaÆkZ| PjwœPGòi gGZv gçbvUGKi
mGãI bRi‚j wòGki `kGK mÁ·†î× wQGjb| 1929 ˆ^GK 1941 mvGji gGaÅ KjKvZvi
wewf®² gGç wbGRi iwPZ `ywU bvUK AvGjqv I gaygvjv mn cÉvq
20wU gç bvUGKi mGã bRi‚j hyî× wQGjb ‰es ˆmmGe cÉvq 182wU bRi‚jmãxZ A¯¦fÆyî×
wQj| ‰i…c KGqKwU bvUK nGjv: iî×Kgj, güqv, Rvnvãxi,
KvivMvi, mvweòx, AvGjqv, meÆnviv, mZx,
wmivRGóŒjv, ˆ`ex`yMÆv, gaygvjv, A®²cƒYÆv,
bw±`bx, nicveÆZx, ARÆybweRq, eÐÅvK AvDU
BZÅvw`| 1934 mvGj bRi‚j-cÉKvkbvi meB wQj mãxZ-welqK, ˆhgb: MxwZ-kZ`j
I MvGbi gvjv MxwZmsKjb ‰es myiwjwc I myigyKzi Õ¼iwjwc
msMÉn|
1939
mvGji AGÙvei gvm ˆ^GK bRi‚j KjKvZv ˆeZvGii mGã AvbyÓ¤vwbKfvGe hyî× nb
‰es Zuvi Zî½veavGb AGbK gƒjÅevb mãxZvbyÓ¤vb cÉPvwiZ nq| AbyÓ¤vbàwji
gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ wQj ‘nvivgwY’, ‘ˆgj-wgjb’ I ‘beivMgvwjKv’| 1939 ˆ^GK
1942 mvGji gGaÅ bRi‚j wewkÓ¡ mãxZæ myGikP±`Ê Pò×eZÆxi mnGhvwMZvq KjKvZv
ˆeZvi ˆ^GK AGbK ivMwfwîK eÅwZò×gagÆx mãxZvbyÓ¤vb cwiGekb KGib, hv wQj
bRi‚Gji mãxZRxeGbi meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ AaÅvq| 1939 mvGj bRi‚j ˆeZvGii mGã
weGklfvGe RwoZ ^vKGjI ‰BP.‰g.wf, ˆgMvGdvb, UzBb QvovI KjwÁ¼qv, wn±`yÕ©vb,
ˆmGbvjv, cvBIwbqvi, wfGqGjvGdvb cÉf‡wZ ˆ^GKI bRi‚jmãxGZi ˆiKWÆ cÉKvwkZ
nq| 1950 mvGji gGaÅ bRi‚Gji ‰BP.‰g.wf ˆ^GK 567wU, UzBb ˆ^GK 280wU, ˆgMvGdvb
ˆ^GK 91wU, KjwÁ¼qv ˆ^GK 44wU, wn±`yÕ©vb ˆ^GK 15wU, ˆmGbvjv ˆ^GK 13wU,
cvBIwbqvi ˆ^GK 2wU, wfGqGjvGdvb ˆ^GK 2wU ‰es wiMÅvb ˆ^GK 1wU wgGj cÉvq
mnmËvwaK MvGbi ˆiKWÆ cÉKvwkZ nq| me wgGj bRi‚Gji MvGbi msLÅv w«¼mnmËvwaK|
|
1941
mvGji 7 AvMÕ¡ (22 kÉveY 1348) iex±`ÊbvG^i g†ZzÅGZ ˆkvKvnZ bRi‚j
ZvrÞwYKfvGe iPbv KGib ‘iwenviv’ I ‘mvjvg AÕ¦iwe’ KweZv ‰es ‘NygvBGZ
`vI kÉv¯¦ iweGi’ ˆkvKmãxZ| ‘iwenviv’ KweZv bRi‚j Õ¼KG´¤ Ave†wî
KGib KjKvZv ˆeZvGi, MÉvGgvGdvb ˆiKGWÆ| ‘NygvBGZ `vI’ MvbwUI KGqKRb
wk͸xGK wbGq Õ¼KG¥¤ ˆMGqwQGjb| iex±`ÊbvG^i g†ZzÅi eQiLvGbGKi gGaÅB
bRi‚j wbGRI AmyÕ© ‰es ò×gk wbeÆvK I mwÁ¼Znviv nGq hvb| ˆ`Gk I
weG`Gk Kwei wPwKrmvi eÅeÕ©v nq eGU, wK¯§ ˆKvb mydj cvIqv hvq wb|
1942 mvGji RyjvB ˆ^GK 1976 mvGji AvMÕ¡ chƯ¦ `xNÆ 34wU eQi Kwei
‰B Amnbxq wbeÆvK RxebKvj AwZevwnZ nq|
|
 |
KvRx
bRi‚j Bmjvg |
