KbÆIqvwjm, (jWÆ) PvjÆm (1738-1805)  1786 mvGji 12 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i ˆ^GK 1793 mvGji 10 AGÙvei chƯ¦ evsjvq ˆdvUÆ DBwjqg ‰i MfbÆi ˆRbvGij| wZwb wQGjb wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ I evsjvq BÕ¡ Bwíqv ˆKvÁ·vwbi cÉkvmwbK I wePvi eÅeÕ©vi i…cKvi| KbÆIqvwjm BUGb wkÞvjvf KGi 1756 mvGj ŠmbÅwefvGM ˆhvM `vb KGib| 1775 mvGj ˆgRi ˆRbvGiGji cG` cG`v®²wZ jvGfi ci wZwb AvGgwiKvi Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬ weËwUk ŠmbÅevwnbxi ‰KRb Kgvívi wnGmGe wbGqvM cvb| AvGgwiKvi KGjvbxmgƒn weËwUkG`i nÕ¦PzÅZ nIqv mGî½I KbÆIqvwjm ‰KRb mvnmx, mr I bxwZevb eÅwî× wnGmGe wbGRi DœP fvegƒwZÆ eRvq ivLGZ mÞg nb| 

1784 mvGji wcU-‰i fviZ kvmb AvBb ‰i AaxGb KbÆIqvwjm ˆdvUÆ DBwjqGgi MfbÆi ˆRbvGij wbhyî× nb| evsjvq weivRgvb `ybÆxZ mgƒGj DrcvUb ‰es mykvmb cÉwZwÓ¤Z Kivi Õ·Ó¡ wbG`Æk wQj Zuvi Dci| AÕ©vqx ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©v `ƒi KGi wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉeZÆb Kivi RbÅ ZuvGK weGklfvGe wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj| jWÆ KbÆIqvwjm cÉkvmGb we`Ågvb `ybÆxwZ `ƒi KiGZ ˆgvGUB mgq ˆbb wb| wZwb cÉkvmb ˆ^GK ˆKvÁ·vwbi evwYRÅGK Avjv`v KGib ‰es cÉkvmbGK myÓ¤zfvGe cwiPvjbvi RbÅ DœP ˆeZbGfvMx I ˆckvMZfvGe myk†›Lj ‘wmwfj mvwfÆm’ MVb KGib| ˆRjv chÆvGq cÉkvmb eÅeÕ©vGK wZwb cybweÆbÅm KGib| Zuvi msÕ•vi KgÆmƒwP cwiPvjbvi RbÅ KvDw´ÖGji ‰KRb m`mÅGK mfvcwZ KGi eÅvcK ÞgZv mÁ·®² ‰KwU ivRÕ¼ cwil` (ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiwfwbD) Õ©vcb Kiv nq| ˆRjv chÆvGqi KgÆKZÆve†±`GK ivRÕ¼ cwilG`i mivmwi Zî½veavb I wbq¯¨YvaxGb Avbv nq| ˆemvgwiK cÉkvmGbi evBGi ˆKvÁ·vwbi evwYwRÅK KgÆKví ˆ`Lv÷bvi RbÅ ‘ˆevWÆ Ae ˆUÇW’ bvGg ‰KwU bZzb cÉwZÓ¤vbI Õ©vcb Kiv nq|

jWÆ PvjÆm KbÆIqvwjm

PvjÆm KbÆIqvwjm wePvi ‰es cywjk cÉkvmb eÅeÕ©vi Dci mGeÆvœP AMÉvwaKvi cÉ`vb KGib| wZwb PviÕ¦i wewkÓ¡ wePvi eÅeÕ©v cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰ eÅeÕ©vq wePvi wefvGMi meÆ wbGÁ² wQj gybwmd Av`vjZ ‰es mGeÆvGœP wQj m`i Av`vjZ| ‰ `yB Õ¦Gii gvGSi `ywU Õ¦i wQj wRjv Av`vjZ ‰es ˆKvUÆ Ae mvwKÆU| cÉwZwU Av`vjGZi wQj `ywU kvLv `xDqvwb Av`vjZ (wmwfj ˆKvUÆ) ‰es wbRvgZ Av`vjZ (wò×wgbvj ev ˆdŒR`vwi ˆKvUÆ| mGeÆvœP Av`vjGZi Avevi `ywU wefvM wQj m`i `xDqvwb Av`vjZ ‰es m`i wbRvgZ Av`vjZ| wePvi KvGhÆ mnvqZv cÉ`vb I ˆ`Gki AvBb k†›Ljv iÞv Kivi RbÅ ‰KwU wbqwgZ cywjk cÉkvmb MGo ˆZvjv nq|

cÉkvmGbi wewf®² kvLvi msÕ•vi I cybMÆVGbi RbÅ KYÆIqvwjGmi cÉGPÓ¡v ‰KwU Õ©vqx weGePbvi «¼viv cÉfvweZ nGqwQj| ‰ Õ©vqx weGePbvwU wQj cÉkvmbGK `Þ I `ybÆxwZgyî× Kiv| wK¯§ Zuvi cwiK͸bv evÕ¦evwqZ KiGZ wMGq wZwb eYÆev`x bxwZ MÉnY KGib| wZwb cÉkvmbGK mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc ˆk¼ZvãG`i welGq i…cv¯¦wiZ Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| ˆemvgwiK DœP I wbÁ²c`àwj BDGivcxqG`i RbÅ wbw`ÆÓ¡ KGi ivLv nGjv| Õ©vbxqG`i RbÅ ivLv nGjv ÷ay Awdm mnKvix ev Awdm mnKvixi mnvqK c`àwj|

KbÆIqvwjmGK wek¼vm KivGbv nGqwQj ˆh, AÅvsGjv-Bwíqvb ‰es ˆ`kxqiv DfGqB wQj `ybÆxwZcivqY ‰es ˆkGlvî×iv wQj ‰gbB `ybÆxwZcivqY ˆh Zviv wQj msGkvaGbiI AZxZ| ZvB cÉkvmGb mZZv ‰es `ÞZv Avbvi RbÅ wZwb gGb KiGjb ˆh, Õ©vbxqG`iGK mKj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ c` ˆ^GK `ƒGi mwiGq ivLvB nGe wePÞYZvi KvR| ‰ chƯ¦ mKj kvmKB ˆh Õ©vbxq MYÅgvbÅ eÅwî×eGMÆi mvG^ ÞgZv I myweavw` fvMvfvwM KGi wbGqwQGjb Zv wZwb AMÉvnÅ KGib| weËwUk kvmGbi cÉ^gw`GKI cÉkvmGb Õ©vbxq RbMGYi AskMÉnY wQj ˆek eÅvcK| myZivs mãZ KviGYB KYÆIqvwjGmi eYÆev`x cÉkvmwbK bxwZ AvaywbK MGelKG`i `†wÓ¡ AvKlÆY KGiGQ ‰es Zuviv Zvi ‰ eRÆb bxwZGK bwRiwenxb, AbÅvhÅ I AgvbweK eGj eYÆbv KGiGQb|

hvGnvK, evsjvi BwZnvGm KbÆIqvwjm Zuvi wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i RbÅ weGklfvGe cwiwPZ hw`I ‰ aviYvwU Zuvi wbRÕ¼ wQj bv| cÉK‡ZcGÞ, IqvGib ˆnwÕ¡sm ‰i kvmbvgGj KvDw´ÖGji m`mÅ wdwjc dÌvw´ÖmB cÉ^g wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ mÁ·GKÆ aviYv KGib ‰es avibvwUi weKvk NUvGZ cÉqvmx nb| wK¯§ ZLb ‰wUGK AGhŒwî×K eGj ˆdGj ivLv nq| 1773 mvj ˆ^GK ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©vi Dci cwiPvwjZ cixÞv-wbixÞvi avivevwnK eÅ^ÆZv ‰es A^ÆbxwZi Dci ‰i wei…c cÉwZwò×qvi dGj bxwZ-wbaÆviKMY wdwjGci aviYvGK cybi‚äxweZ KGib| 1784 mvGji cxGUi fviZ kvmb AvBGb weGklfvGe DGÍÏL Kiv nq ˆh, evsjvi f„wg eÅeÕ©v Rwg`viG`i mGã Õ©vqx wfwîGZ KiGZ nGe|

bxwZ-wbaÆviKG`i gGaÅ `xNÆ weZGKÆi ci 1793 mvGji gvPÆ gvGm wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i cwiK͸bv P„ov¯¦fvGe M†nxZ nq| jWÆ KbÆIqvwjm AGbK cÉweavGbi AvKvGi wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i weÕ¦vwiZ wbqgvewj wbaÆviY KGib hvi gvaÅGg ‰B eÅeÕ©vi msæv I eYÆbv cvIqv hvq| wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i AvBGbi AvIZvaxGb Rwg`vi I AbÅvbÅ f„Õ¼vgxG`iGK Rwgi Õ©vqx gvwjK wnGmGe ˆNvlYv ˆ`Iqv nq| eÅwî×MZ mÁ·wîi gGZvB wn±`y I gymjgvbG`i DîivwaKvi AvBb AbymvGi Rwg`viG`i f„wg mnRfvGe nÕ¦v¯¦iGhvMÅ ‰es DîivwaKvimƒGò cÉvwµ¦mvaÅ Kiv nq| 1790 mvGj `kmvjv eG±`veGÕ¦i gvaÅGg f„-Õ¼vgxG`i Dci ˆh ivRÕ¼ wbaÆviY Kiv nGqwQj ZvB wPiÕ©vqx ivRÕ¼ wnGmGe ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| ivRÕ¼ cwiGkvGa AÞg Rwg`viG`i eGKqv ivRÕ¼ Av`vGqi DGóGkÅ ZvG`i f„wg wbjvGg wewò× Kiv nGZv|

jWÆ KbÆIqvwjm ‰ Avkvq wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉeZÆb KGiwQGjb ˆh, bZzb eÅeÕ©v BsjÅvGíi f„-Õ¼vgxG`i gGZvB Aò AçGji Rwg`viG`iGK ZvG`i D®²qGb D«¼y«¬ KiGe| Avkv Kiv nGqwQj ˆh, Rwg`viMY ZvG`i wbGRG`i Õ¼vG^ÆB K‡wl eÅeÕ©vGK DrmvwnZ KiGeb ‰es ivqZG`i Õ¼v^Æ iÞv KiGeb| KbÆIqvwjm `†pfvGe Avkv KGiwQGjb ˆh, wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i KviGY ˆ`Gk K‡wli wbwøZ mÁcÉmviY NUGe ‰es ‰i dGj ˆ`k wk͸ weµÏGei w`GK ‰wMGq hvGe| wK¯§ `yfÆvMÅekZ ‰ aiGbi i…cv¯¦i KLGbvB nq wb| ˆ`Gki cÉZů¦ Açj cƒGeÆi gGZvB AeGnwjZ ‰es `wi`Ë ˆ^GK hvq|

wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ QvovI, fviGZ weËwUk mvgËvRÅ cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆÞGò gnxkƒGii ivRv wUcy myjZvbGK mshZ ivLvi RbÅ Zvi mvgwiK c`GÞcàwj wQj jWÆ KYÆIqvwjGmi eo Ae`vb| 1790 mvGj KbÆIqvwjm wbGR gnxkƒGii myjZvGbi wei‚G«¬ mvgwiK Awfhvb cwiPvjbv KGib ‰es gnxkƒi ivGRÅi ‰KwU ài¾cƒYÆ Ask ˆKvÁ·vwb ivGRÅi mvG^ A¯¦fzÆî× KGib| wUcy myjZvbGK civwRZ ‰es ‰KwU AvGivwcZ kvw¯¦ Pzwî× Õ¼vÞGi evaÅ KGi KbÆIqvwjm mwZÅKvi AG^ÆB ˆKvÁ·vwb ivGRÅi wbivcîv ejq e†w«¬ KGib| cÉK‡ZcGÞ, wUcy myjZvGbi Ici KYÆIqvwjGmi weRq fviGZ mvgËvRÅ cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆÞGò jWÆ IGqGjmjxi KvRGK myMg KGi ˆ`q| KYÆIqvwjGmi mvgwiK mvdjÅ ‰es ˆKvÁ·vwbi ivRÅ MVGb cÉkvmwbK, wePvi, ‰es mvgwiK ˆÞGò Zuvi K‡wZZ½ weGePbv KGi 1792 mvGji AvMÕ¡ gvGm ZuvGK ‘gvKzÆBm’ Dcvwa cÉ`vb Kiv nq|

wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ cÉYqGbi ciciB KbÆIqvwjm BsjÅvGí wdGi hvb| ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ, ˆevWÆ Ae KG´ŸÈvj, ‰es cvjÆvGg´Ÿ ZuvGK exGivwPZ mseaÆbv cÉ`vb KGi| 1797 mvGj wZwb cybivq MfbÆi ˆRbvGij cG` wbGqvM jvf KGiwQGjb| wK¯§ Õ¼vÕ©ÅMZ KviGY wZwb Dî× c` MÉnY KiGZ AÕ¼xKvi KGib| 1805 mvGj wZwb AvevGiv MfbÆi ˆRbvGij wbhyî× nb| ‰evi wZwb wbGqvMcò MÉnY KGib ‰es 1805 mvGji 30 RyjvB `vwqZ½ eyGS ˆbb| wK¯§ `yfÆvMÅekZ, 1805 mvGji 5 AGÙvei ˆ`Gk cÉZÅveZÆGbi cG^ wZwb MvRxcyGi g†ZzÅ eiY KGib|  [wmivRyj Bmjvg]