কনওয়ািলস কাড

KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvW 1793 mvGj MfbÆi ˆRbvGij jWÆ KbÆIqvwjm 48wU ˆiàGjkb ev AvBb Rvwi KGib| Dî× ˆiàGjkbàwjB mvaviYfvGe KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvW bvGg cwiwPZ| KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvGWi KGqKwU Drm nGjv 1772 nGZ 1790 mvj chÆ¯¦ RvwiK‡Z ˆiàGjkb I AvG`k, wn±`y I gymwjg AvBb, cÉ^v-cÉwZÓ¤vb, wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ msò×v¯¦ wewagvjv ‰es weËwUk AvBb| KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvGWi jÞÅ wQj weËwUk JcwbGewkK ivGÓ¡Ëi DcGhvMx ‰KwU cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK AvBbweavb I cÉkvmwbK eÅeÕ©vi cÉeZÆb| 1793 mvGji 1 ˆg KbÆIqvwjm Zuvi ˆKvW ˆNvlYv KGib| KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvGWi mvimsGÞc wbÁ²i…c :

KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvGWi ˆK±`Êxq welq wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦| ‰ eG±`veGÕ¦i AaxGb Rwg`viGK f„wgi ‰KœQò gvwjK eGj ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| gvwjK wnGmGe Rwg`vi Zvi f„mÁcwî AevGa nÕ¦v¯¦i ev `vb Kivi AwaKvi jvf KGib| Rwg`vwii Ici miKvwi ivRÕ¼ wPiKvGji RbÅ wÕ©ixK‡Z ˆNvlYv Kiv nq| Pzwî× ˆgvZvGeK miKvwi ivRÕ¼ cwiGkvGa eÅ^Æ nGj Rwg wbjvGg weò×q KGi eGKqv Av`vGqi eÅeÕ©v Kiv nq (ˆiàGjkb bs 1, 2, 8, 14)|

cƒGeÆ ˆRjv KvGjÙi wQGjb ‰KvavGi ivRÕ¼ cÉkvmK, wePviK I gÅvwRGÓ¡ËU| cÉwZ ˆRjvq ‰KRb RR wbGqvM Kiv nq ‰es cÉkvmb ˆ^GK wePvi ÞgZv c†^K KGi mKj wePvi I gÅvwRGÕ¡Ëwm ÞgZv RGRi Dci bÅÕ¦ Kiv nq| KvGjÙGii AaxGb gvj Av`vjZ ev ivRÕ¼ ˆKvUÆ wejyµ¦ KGi ivRÕ¼ msò×v¯¦ mKj wePviI ˆRjv RGRi AvIZvfzî× Kiv nq| ‰KB mGã ˆevWÆ Ae ˆiGfwbDi ivRÕ¼ welqK wePviÞgZv wejyµ¦ KGi Zv ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjGZi ‰wî×qvifzî× Kiv nq (ˆiàGjkb bs 2, 3, 4)| ˆRjv cÉkvmGb ˆeZb I c`ghÆv`vq ˆRjv RRGK ˆRjv KvGjÙGii DGa»Æ Õ©vb ˆ`qv nq| ˆRjv KvGjÙGii `vwqZ½ ^vGK ÷ay ivRÕ¼ msMÉn ‰es wePvGii mGã mÁ·†î× bq ‰gb me cÉkvmwbK KvhÆ mÁ·v`b| cÉwZ ˆRjvq Õ©vwcZ nq ‰KwU KGi ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjZ| wePvGii myweavG^Æ XvKv, KjKvZv, gywkÆ`vev` I cvUbvq Õ©vcb Kiv nq PviwU cÉvG`wkK Avcxj Av`vjZ (ˆiàGjkb bs 4, 5)| mGeÆvPP Av`vjZ wnGmGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq m`i ˆ`Iqvwb I wbRvgZ Av`vjZ|

1793 mvj chÆ¯¦ weËwUk bvMwiKG`i wePvGii ‰wî×qvi wQj ‰Kgvò KjKvZv mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi, ‰es ˆKvÁ·vwbi ˆKvb KgÆPvixi wei‚G«¬ ˆKvb evOvwj ev fviZxq Av`vjGZ gvgjv KiGZ cviZ bv| ‰ŠelgÅ i` KGi AvBGbi ˆPvGL mevBGK mgvb ˆNvlYv Kiv nq ‰es miKvix KgÆKZÆvG`i wei‚G«¬, ‰gbwK miKvGii wei‚G«¬I Õ©vbxq AwaevmxG`i Av`vjGZ gvgjv Kivi AwaKvi ˆ`Iqv nq (ˆiàGjkb 28)|

BGZvcƒGeÆ ˆhGKvb eÅwî× Av`vjGZ DwKj wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjb KiGZ cviGZb| ˆm cÉ^v i` KGi AvBbGK ˆckv wnGmGe MÉnGYi ‰es ˆckv`vi DwKGji mvnvGhÅ Av`vjGZ gvgjv cwiPvjbvi wbqg cÉewZÆZ nq| miKvGii cGÞ gvgjv cwiPvjbvi RbÅ miKvwi ˆeZbGfvMx DwKj wbGqvM Kiv nq, ‰es ˆemiKvwi gvgjv cwiPvjbvi RbÅ miKvi KZ‡ÆK AbyGgvw`Z DwKjG`i mb` ˆ`qv nq| DwKjiv hvGZ gGØjG`i ˆkvlY KiGZ bv cvGi ˆmRbÅ DwKGji wd ˆeuGa ˆ`qv nq ‰es gGØGji wbKU ˆ^GK Av`vjZ KZÆ†K DwKGji wd msMÉn Kivi wbqg Pvjy nq (ˆiàGjkb 7)| MÉvgvçGj cvwZ gvgjv-ˆgvKógv Õ©vbxqfvGe mvwjGmi gvaÅGg wbÓ·wîi RbÅ ˆbwUf Kwgkbvi wbGqvM Kiv nq| ˆbwUf KwgkbvGii Av`vjGZ Abya»Æ 50 UvKv gƒjÅgvGbi gvgjv MÉnGYi weavb Kiv nq| (ˆiàGjkb 40)|

BDGivcxq wmwfwjqvb KZÆ†K ˆ`kxq ˆjvKG`i FY cÉ`vb ‰es ZvG`i RbÅ Rwg ò×q wbwl«¬ Kiv nq (ˆiàGjkb 38)|

eGKqv LvRbv Av`vGqi RbÅ cÉRvG`i Š`wnK wbhÆvZb Kivi wPivPwiZ cÉ^v wbwl«¬ Kiv nq ‰es Rwg`viG`i mKj `vwe Av`vGqi RbÅ ejcÉGqvGMi cwieGZÆ Av`vjGZi AvkÉq ˆbevi weavb Kiv nq (ˆiàGjkb 17)|

KwZcq eo Rwg`vi cwievGi cÉPwjZ wn±`y ev gymwjg DîivwaKvi AvBGbi e`Gj ÷ay wcZvi ˆRÅÓ¤ RxweZ cyGòi Rwg`vwii DîivwaKvi jvGfi cÉ^v cÉPwjZ wQj| Rwg`vwi AÞzY³ ivLvi RbÅ ‰ cÉ^v AbymiY Kiv nGZv| ‰ cÉ^v wejyµ¦ KGi ˆQvU-eo mKj Rwg`vwii ˆÞGò wn±`y ev gymwjg DîivwaKvi AvBb cÉGhvRÅ Kiv nq (ˆiàGjkb 11)|

ˆ`Gki cÉPwjZ AvBb AbymvGi ˆ`Iqvwb I ˆdŒR`vwi Av`vjZ wePviKvhÆ cwiPvjbv KiZ| BDGivcxq wePviKGK gymwjg I wn±`y AvBb welGq mvnvhÅ Kivi RbÅ cÉGZÅK Av`vjGZ ‰KRb KGi gymjgvb I wn±`y AvBb Awdmvi wbGqvM Kiv nq|

ˆ`Gk cÉPwjZ eüwea AfÅ¯¦ixY mvGqi ev evwYRÅ Ki iwnZ Kiv nq (ˆiàGjkb 27)|

Rwg`vGii cywjkÞgZv cÉZÅvnvi ‰es Rwg`vwi cywjk wejyµ¦ KGi cÉGZÅK ˆRjvGK KwZcq ^vbvGZ wefî× Kiv nq| ˆRjv gÅvwRGÕ¡ËGUi wbq¯¨YvaxGb cÉGZÅK ^vbvq ‰KRb `vGivMv wbGqvM Kiv nq| `vGivMvi AaxGb ^vGK wek ev Z`ya»Æ msLÅK wmcvB-eiK±`vR| ‰ eÅeÕ©vq ^vbvi AvBbk†›Ljv fãKvixG`i cvKovI KGi gÅvwRGÕ¡ËGUi KvGQ ˆmvc`Æ Kiv `vGivMvi `vwqZ½ (ˆiàGjkb 22)|

BDGivcxq KZÆ†K wbqw¯¨Z bZzb Av`vjZ cÉwZÓ¤vi dGj Kvhx KZÆ†K wbqw¯¨Z ˆ`kxq Av`vjZ wejyµ¦ nq| Kvhxi KvR nq ZLb `wjjvw` kbvî× Kiv, weevn I AbÅvbÅ gymwjg agÆxq DrmGe ˆcŒGivwnZÅ Kiv (ˆiàGjkb 39)|

mÁcwîi wbivcîv weavGbi RbÅ Rwg nÕ¦v¯¦i, mÁ·wî msò×v¯¦ Pzwî×, e®¬K cÉf‡wZ ˆiwRwÕ¡Ë Kivi eÅeÕ©v Kiv nq ‰es wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nq ˆh, `vb weò×q I DîivwaKvi wefvRGbi dGj Rwgi gvwjKvbvq ˆh i`e`j nq Zv ˆiKWÆ Kivi RbÅ KvGjÙi ‰KwU cçmbv ˆiwRÕ¡vi cÉÕ§Z KiGeb| cuvP eQi A¯¦i Dî× ˆiwRÕ¡vi bZzb KGi cÉÕ§Z Kiv nGe| f„wg gvwjKvbvq cwieZÆb jÞÅ Kiv Dî× ˆiwRÕ¡vi eÅeÕ©v cÉeZÆGbi DGókÅ (ˆiàGjkb 37,48)|

KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvGWi me AvBb I eÅeÕ©v gƒjZ wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ c«¬wZGK ˆK±`Ê KGi cÉwZwÓ¤Z| wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veÕ¦ AvBGb ˆNvlYv Kiv nq: “‰Lb ˆ^GK Rwgi ‰Kgvò gvwjK Rwg`vi| Rwg`vi Zvi BœQvgZ Rwg weò×q KiGZ cvGi, `vb KiGZ cvGi, e®¬K ivLGZ cvGi| ‰i RbÅ miKvGii ˆKvb cƒeÆvbygwZi cÉGqvRb ˆbB| miKviGK ˆ`q Rwg`vwi ivRGÕ¼ Avi ˆKvb nËvme†w«¬ nGe bv| wPiKvGji RbÅ Zv wÕ©i Kiv nGjv, ‰es fwelÅr ˆKvb miKvi ‰ wbqGg cwieZÆb AvbGZ cviGe bv” (ˆiàGjkb 1, 8)| [wmivRyj Bmjvg]