Iqvwjcyi AvjgMxix gmwR` KzwgÍÏv ˆRjvi nvRxMé cywjk ˆÕ¡kGbi A¯¦MÆZ Iqvwjcyi MÉvGg AewÕ©Z| ‰LvGb ‰KB ‰jvKvq `ywU gmwR` iGqGQ ‰KwU kvnx ev AvjgMxix gmwR` ‰es AciwU kvn myRv gmwR`| AvjgMxix gmwR`wU cieZÆx mgGq ‰KvwaK msÕ•vGii dGj Zvi AGbK ŠewkÓ¡Å nvwiGq ˆdGjGQ| ZGe ‰LbI hv wKQy AewkÓ¡ AvGQ Zv ˆ^GK ‰i gƒj cwiK͸bv I ŠewkÓ¡Å mÁ¼G®¬ aviYv cvIqv hvq| cÉavb cÉGekcG^i DcGi msj™² bvÕ¦vwjK wjwcGZ ˆjLv ‰KwU dviwm wkjvwjwc ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, R‹bK Ave`yÍÏvn 1692 wLËÓ¡vGõ AvIiãGRe ‰i kvmbvgGj ‰wU wbgÆvY KGib|

AvqZvKvi gmwRG`i (15.24 wg × 8.23 wg) cƒeÆw`GKi mÁÃyLfvGMi gaÅeZÆxÕ©vGb cÉvG¯¦ AÓ¡fzRvKvi Þz`Ë eyi‚Rmn ‰KwU D`&MZ ˆdÌGg AvqZvKvi cÉavb cÉGekc^ DuPz wLjvb I AaÆMÁ¼yR ˆkvwfZ| cÉavb cÉGekcG^i `ycvGk AaÆMÁ¼yGRi wbGP ewnMÆZ wLjvbmn AviI `ywU cÉGekc^ iGqGQ| Dîi `wÞGYi cÉwZwU ˆ`qvGj iGqGQ ‰K ˆRvov wLjvbhyî× cÉGekc^| myZivs gmwR`wUGZ meÆGgvU 7wU wLjvbc^ iGqGQ; cƒeÆw`GK wZbwU ‰es Dîi I `wÞY ˆ`qvGj `ywU KGi| BgviGZi Pvi ˆKvGY B`vbxs msÕ•vi mvwaZ AÓ¡fzRvKvi PviwU eyi‚R iGqGQ| Avbyf„wgK cÅvivGcU QvwoGq ‰àwj DGV ˆMGQ ‰es ‰àwj KjmvK‡wZi wdwbqvj «¼viv ˆkvwfZ|

f„wg bKkv: Iqvwjcyi AvjgMxix gmwR`, KzwgÍÏv

`ywU eo AÓ¡GKvYvKvi BGUi Õ¦Á¿ gmwRG`i Afů¦i fvMGK cuvPwU eMÆvKvi ‘ˆe’-ˆZ wefî× KGiGQ| eowU gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb (cÉwZcvGk 5.87 wg) ‰es ‰i cÉGZÅK cvGk `ywU KGi ˆQvU ‘ˆe’ hv cƒeÆ-cwøg AGÞ wbwgÆZ| wLjvbàwj mivmwi `ywU Õ¼Z¯¨ AÓ¡GKvYvKvi Õ¦Á¿ ‰es ˆ`qvGj mshyî× AaÆ AÓ¡GKvYvKvi Õ¦GÁ¿i Dci wfwî KGi ˆe’àwjGK ‰GK AcGii mGã mshyî× KGi wLjvbc^ ŠZwi KGiGQ| DGÍÏLÅ ˆh, ‰mKj wLjvb ˆ`qvGji gZB Dci chƯ¦ weÕ¦†Z hv DcGii AsGk ‘ˆe’ ŠZwi KGiGQ| ‰ weGkl cÉwò×qv gmwR`wUGK ˆfZi w`GK w«¼Zj AvKvi w`GqGQ| cuvPwU ‘ˆe’-B bjvKvi WÈvGgi Dci c«Â I KjmvK‡wZi wdwbqvj «¼viv kxlÆgwíZ MÁ¼yR «¼viv Ave†Z| DcGii ˆKvGY AaÆMÁ¼yRvK‡wZi Õ•zBGçi Dci MÁ¼yRàwj Õ©vwcZ ‰es `yB Õ•zBGçi gaÅeZÆx ˆ`qvj e«¬ wLjvb «¼viv DwïZ| Afů¦Gi wKejv ˆ`qvGj wZbwU wgnive iGqGQ| ˆK±`Êxq wgnive AaÆ AÓ¡GKvYvKvi bKkvq ŠZix| wK¯§ cvk¼ÆÕ© wgnive AMfxi AvqZvKvi aiGbi| ˆK±`Êxq wgnivGei evBGii ˆdÌGg ˆK±`Êxq wLjvbcG^i gZB cÅvivGcGUi cÉvG¯¦ AÓ¡GKvYvKvi Þz`Ë eyi‚R DcGi DGV ˆMGQ|

BgviGZi gƒj AvÕ¦iGYi Õ©Gj eZÆgvGb AvaywbK wmGg´Ÿ µÏvÕ¡vi Õ©vb KGi wbGqGQ| Abyf„wgK cÅvivGcU eZÆgvGb mgvb ˆK±`Êxq wLjvb cG^i ˆdÌGgi mÁÃyLfvM AMfxi AvqZvKvi cÅvGbj «¼viv mwäZ ‰es cÉwZwU cieZÆxmgGq Õ¡vGKv bKkvi dzjmn ˆQvU MvQ ‰es jZvcvZvi ‰KBi…c ˆgvwUd «¼viv AjsK‡Z| ˆK±`Êxq wgnive wLjvb my±`i AjOK‡Z wcjvÕ¡vi «¼viv DwïZ ‰es Õ·ÅvbwWÈj còvKvi AjâiY «¼viv ˆkvwfZ| ˆK±`Êxq wgnivGei AvqZvKvi ˆdÌg hw`I eZÆgvGb AGbKUvB mgvb, ZGe kxGlÆ e«¬ ˆgiGjvb bKkv iGqGQ| MÁ¼yRGK mg^Æb `vbKvix Õ•zBç I e«¬ wLjvGbi gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb gyMj Õ¡vGKv AjâiGYi ‰KwU AcƒeÆ wb`kÆb ‰LbI we`Ågvb iGqGQ| Õ•zBç wLjvGbi ewnfÆvM ‰es e«¬ wLjvb cuÅvPvGbv jZvcvZv bKkv «¼viv AjsK‡Z| hw`I e«¬ wLjvGbi gaÅeZÆx AsGk ˆMvjvc bKkvmn A͸ jZvcvZv bKkv iGqGQ ‰G`i A͸ DcGi| WÈvGgi wfwîi PvicvGk dzGji jZvcvZv bKkvmn mvgvbÅ DwïZ wdÌR bKkv iGqGQ|

cuvP MÁ¼yR gmwR` evsjvi gmwRG`i ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ aviv| ‰i Avevi `ywU aib iGqGQ| K. ‰KwU e†nr ˆK±`Êxq MÁ¼yR ‰es cÉwZcvGk ‰KB mvwiGZ ‰KGRvov ˆQvU MÁ¼yR| L. ‰KwU ˆK±`Êxq e†nr MÁ¼yR ‰es PviGKvGY PviwU ˆQvU MÁ¼yR| AvGjvPÅ gmwR`wU w«¼Zxq avivi gmwR` Õ©vcGZÅi D`vniY| BgviZwU cwiK͸bv I wbgÆvYKvR mÁ·v`Gb Õ©cwZ ‰es bKkvKvixiv ZvG`i mGeÆvœP ˆhvMÅZv I D«¿veb ˆKŒkGji Õ¼vÞi ˆiGL ˆMGQb|

gmwRG`i Afů¦Gi cuvPwU eMÆvKvi fvM cƒeÆcwøGg cÉkÕ¦ wLjvGbi cwieGZÆ `ywU Õ¼Z¯¨ gReyZ AÓ¡GKvYvKvi Õ¦GÁ¿i webÅvm ‰ avivi cƒeÆeZÆx D`vniY nGZ AZů¦ ŠeævwbKfvGe DîiY NUvGbv nGqGQ| `xNÆw`b aGi evsjvq ‰ avivi gmwR` wbwgÆZ nq wb| wK¯§ cieZÆxKvGj KgcGÞ `ykZvõx cGi ‰ avivwU cybivq XvKvi ˆePvivg ˆ`Dwo gmwRG` (1872 wLË.) jÞ Kiv hvq| ˆePvivg ˆ`Dwo gmwR`wU cwiK͸bvq AvjgMxix gmwR`wUiB Abyi…c wK¯§ ‰i gvb I MVb‹kjxGZ AmÁ·ƒYÆZv iGqGQ|

Iqvwjcyi AvjgMxix gmwR`, KzwgÍÏv

evsjvq ‰i…c gmwR` wbgÆvY ÷i‚ nGqGQ AÓ¡MÉvg gmwR` ˆ^GK, mivBj gmwR` ‰ ‰i weÕ¦†wZ NGU ‰es Iqvwjcyi AvjgMxix gmwRG` ‰ aviv cÉK‡Z Av`kÆ i…c jvf KGi| cÉk² DVGZ cvGi, evsjvi gmwRG`i ‰ wbw`ÆÓ¡ avivwUi gƒj Drm ˆKv^vq? ‰ ixwZwU wK evsjvi Õ©cwZiv evBGii ˆ`k nGZ ‰GbGQb bvwK ‰wU evsjvi Õ©cwZG`i ‰KwU D«¿veb wQj? ZziGÕ• cÉv^wgK AGUvgÅvbG`i mgGq ˆZvKvGZ AewÕ©Z i‚Õ§g ˆmwjwi’i gmwR` (Avby. cç`k kZvõxi cÉ^gvaÆ), eo ‰KwU ˆK±`Êxq MÁ¼yR ‰es PviGKvGY ‰KwU KGi ˆQvU MÁ¼yRmn ˆgvU cuvP MÁ¼yR wewkÓ¡ gmwRG`i ‰ avivq cÉv^wgK D`vniY wnGmGe aiv nq| ‰KB cwiK͸bv AGUvgÅvbG`i AbÅvbÅ gmwRG`I jÞ Kiv hvq| ˆhgb, nvqiveyj’i àGRjwP nvmvb ˆe gmwR` (1406) ‰es ‰w`iGbi DP-ˆmGiGdwj Pvg (1437-47) gmwR`| cieZÆxKvGj wbwgÆZ BÕ¦vÁ¼yGji weLÅvZ evGqRx` gmwR` (1501-06), myjvqgvwbqv gmwR` (1550-59) ‰es ‰w`iGb’i Aci…c ˆmwjwgqv gmwR` (1569-75) ‰ avivi KvGQ FYx| cuvP KÞ ev cuvPMÁ¼yR wewkÓ¡ gmwR` cwiK͸bvq wbwgÆZ AGUvgÅvb gmwR`àwj mÁ¿eZ wmwiqvq cÉv^wgK wKQy BgviGZi AbyKiGY ŠZix|

fviGZi w`wÍÏGZ RvgvZ Lvb gmwR` (1310-16) ‰ avivi ‰Kgvò D`vniY| ‰KwU e†nr ˆK±`Êxq MÁ¼yRve†Z KGÞi mGã `ywUi cwieGZÆ Pvi MÁ¼yRmn AvMÉvq ügvqyGbi gmwR` (1530) cÉwZÓ¤vi ci nGZ cƒeÆ fviGZ ‰ avivi gmwR` wbgÆvY weÕ¦†wZ jvf KGi| myZivs ‰Uv ejv ˆhGZ cvGi ˆh, evsjvq w«¼Zxq avivi cuvP MÁ¼yR wewkÓ¡ gmwR` wbgÆvGYi cwiK͸bv evsjvi Õ©cwZG`i wbRÕ¼ D«¿veb wQj bv ‰es DcwiDî× Drmmgƒn nGZ mÁ¿eZ ‰wU ‰GmGQ, weGkl KGi nqGZv ZziÓ• I Dîi fviZ nGZ|  [‰g.‰. evwi]