‰bwRI mvaviYfvGe, miKvi KZ‡ÆK cÉwZwÓ¤Z bq ‰gb ˆh ˆKvb msÕ©vB ‰bwRI| ZGe weMZ wZb `kGK ‰bwRI KvhÆò×Ggi aviv ˆ^GK eZÆgvGb ‰bwRI-i ˆh i…c `vuwoGqGQ ZvGZ ejv hvq ‰bwRI nGœQ D®²qb KgÆKvGí wbGqvwRZ AgybvdvwfwîK ‰K aiGbi weGkl ˆÕ¼œQvGmex mvgvwRK msMVb|

‰bwRI-i AvIZvq cGo AbvbyÓ¤vwbK wewf®² mwgwZ, mxwgZ `vGqi AvbyÓ¤vwbK mgevq mwgwZ ‰es wbew®¬Z wewf®² ˆemiKvwi msÕ©v| D®²qb-‰bwRI bvGgI ‰KwU aviYv MGo DGVGQ| ‰àwj MÉvg I kni ‰jvKvi `wi`Ë RbGMvÓ¤xi Av^Æ-mvgvwRK D®²qGbi RbÅ eÅvcKwfwîK bvbv KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KGi| ‰ RvZxq cÉwZÓ¤vbGK AGbGK ˆemiKvwi ˆÕ¼œQvGmex D®²qb msÕ©v ev ÷ay ˆÕ¼œQvGmex D®²qb msÕ©v bvGg AwfwnZ KGi| ‰G`i KvhÆ ZvwjKvq ^vGK D®²qGbi Av^Æ-mvgvwRK bvbv KvhÆò×gmn civgkÆ ˆmev, AvBwb mnvqZv I òvY ZrciZv|

wesk kZvõxi ˆklfvGM AGbK D®²qbkxj ˆ`Gk ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©vmgƒGni `Ë‚Z msLÅvMZ cÉe†w«¬ I KvhÆò×Ggi mÁcÉmviY NGUGQ| mgvR KjÅvGY I D®²qb KgÆKvGí miKvwi ZrciZvi cvkvcvwk ˆemiKvwi DG`ÅvGMi ˆh ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ mÁ·ƒiK f„wgKv AvGQ Zvi Dcjwº¬ ˆ^GKB ‰B bZzb avivi m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| 1950-‰i `kGK evsjvG`k ‰jvKvq cÉ^g cÉRG¯Ãi ‰bwRIàwji cÉv^wgK I cÉavb KvR wQj òvY I cybeÆvmb ‰es `vZeÅ KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv| w«¼Zxq wek¼hyG«¬vîi cwiwÕ©wZGZ ‰B ‰jvKvq ‰bwRIàwj KwgDwbwU D®²qGbi gvaÅGg cybwbÆgÆvGYi bZzb aviYv wbGq KvR ÷i‚ KGi| wek kZGKi lvGUi I mîGii `kGK ‰Gm w«¼Zxq cÉRG¯Ãi ‰bwRIàwj FY mwgwZ, mgevq mwgwZ BZÅvw` I KwgDwbwU-wfwîK wewf®² D®²qb cÉK͸ MGo ZzjGZ ÷i‚ KGi ‰es D®²qGbi RbÅ mgwÓ¡MZ DG`ÅvGMi ˆPGq eÅwÓ¡K DG`ÅvGMi Ici AwaKZi ài‚Z½ AvGivc KGi| eZÆgvb, A^Ævr Z‡Zxq cÉRG¯Ãi ‰bwRImgƒGni AwaKvskB ‰Lb K‡wl msÕ•vi I cÍÏx D®²qb KgÆKvGí wbGqvwRZ| ‰G`i AwaKvsk msLÅviB m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ 1980-i `kGK ‰es ‰iv eÅwÓ¡K bvbv KvhÆò×Ggi mGã cwiGek, ŠeG`wkK mvnvhÅ I FY, KvVvGgvMZ msÕ•vi BZÅvw` mgwÓ¡MZ welq mg¯¼q KGi K‡wl, cÍÏx D®²qb, mvgwMÉK cÉe†w«¬ I weKvGki mveÆRbxb `†wÓ¡fwã wbGq KvR KGi hvGœQ|

wZb cÉRG¯Ãi ‰bwRI AvG±`vjb ˆ^GK ˆevSv hvq ˆh Zviv wewf®² mgGq we`Ågvb cwiwÕ©wZi ˆcÉÞvcGU wbRÕ¼ KvhÆò×g I KvhÆc«¬wZi AbymiYKvix| ‰bwRImgƒGni AGbKàwjB cÉv^wgK, Avevi wKQy wKQy gvaÅwgK cÉwZÓ¤vb wnGmGe KvR KGi| ‰me msÕ©vq ˆewki fvM ˆÞGò KvR KGi ˆckv`vi KgÆKZÆv-KgÆPvix, ZGe ˆKvb-ˆKvbwUGZ ˆÕ¼œQvkÉGgi wfwîGZI AGbK ˆjvK KvR KGi ^vGK| evsjvG`Gk KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KiGQ ‰gb AGbK ‰bwRI-i R¯Ã ev Drm D®²Z ˆ`kàwjGZ ‰es ZvG`i A^ÆmÁ·`I AGbK ˆewk| ZGe ˆ`Gki ˆewki fvM ‰bwRI-B Õ©vbxq ‰es ‰iv mxwgZ mÁ·` wbGqB KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KGi hvG|

evsjvG`Gk eZÆgvGb ˆh D®²qb-ˆKŒkj AbymiY Kiv nGœQ Zvi wZbwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ wfwî nGœQ `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPGbi jÞÅ, myweavi mylg e¥Ÿb ‰es D®²qGb RbMGYi AskMÉnY| ‰i DGókÅ nGœQ A^Æ‹bwZK I ivR‹bwZK ÞgZvi cybweÆbÅvm, RvZxq D®²qb cÉqvm I KgÆKvímgƒGn MÉvgxY mKj ‰jvKvi cƒYÆZi HKvZÄÅKiY, MÉvgxY ‰jvKvq AwaKZi KgÆmsÕ©vb I DcvRÆGbi myGhvM m†wÓ¡ ‰es K‡lK mwgwZ, mgevq mwgwZ cÉv^wgK Drcv`bKvix I MÉvgxY kÉwgKG`i Õ¼vqîkvwmZ ˆÕ¼œQvGmex MYZvw¯¨K bvbv msMVGbi weKvk| MÉvgxY ‰jvKvi me mgmÅv ‰Z eÅvcK I RwUj ˆh RbMGYi cƒYÆ mg^Æb I AskMÉnY Qvov miKvi ev ˆKvb ivÓ¡Ëvqî msÕ©vi cGÞ ˆmàwji mgvavb cÉvq AmÁ¿e| ‰i A^Æ, miKvwi D®²qb-DG`ÅvM h^vh^ evÕ¦evwqZ nevi RbÅ RbMGYi «¼viv MwVZ msÕ©v-msMVGbi mwò×q AskMÉnY cÉGqvRb| mvaviYfvGe ‰bwRI bvGg cwiwPZ ‰me msÕ©vi gGaÅ AvGQ wewf®² aiGbi mgevq mwgwZ, BDwbqb, K‡lK mwgwZ, kÉwgK mwgwZ, gwnjv mwgwZ I AbÅvbÅ ˆemiKvwi mwgwZ-msMVb|

`vwi`ËÅ `ƒixKiY I cÍÏx D®²qGbi jÞÅ wbGq KgÆiZ ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©vmgƒnGK ˆkÉYxKiGYi wfwî Abyhvqx ˆgvUvgywU wZb fvGM wefî× Kiv hvq| ˆfŒGMvwjK weGePbvq ˆkÉYxK‡Z cÉ^g aiGbi ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©vi gGaÅ AGbKàwj AvGQ hvG`i KgÆKví Õ©vbxq wKQy ‰jvKvq mxwgZ| ‰àwj AvqZGb ˆQvU, ‰G`i mÁ·` mxwgZ ‰es eÅeÕ©vcbv-KvVvGgv mij| KGqKwU MÉvg ev DcGRjvGZB ‰G`i KvhÆò×g mxgve«¬| ‰KB ˆkÉYxi AGbK ‰bwRI eÕ§Z AvçwjK, Dc-AvçwjK ev RvZxq msÕ©vi…Gc webÅvwmZ ‰es ‰G`i KvhÆò×g mxwgZmsLÅK MÉvg QvwoGq cyGiv ev ‰KvwaK ˆRjvq A^ev KGqKwU wefvGM, ‰gbwK mviv ˆ`keÅvcx weÕ¦‡Z| KvhÆò×Ggi ˆÞò weGePbvq ˆ`Lv hvq ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©v K‡wl, c÷mÁ·`, Þz`Ë wk͸, ˆmP, ebvqb, Õ¼vÕ©Å BZÅvw` wewf®² LvGZi ˆKvb ‰KwU ev KGqKwU LvGZ KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KiGQ| Avevi AGbK ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©v KGqKwU LvGZi mgw¯¼Z KvhÆò×g PvjvGœQ| ‰fvGeB, ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©vàwji ˆKvbwU Õ¼vÕ©Å msMVb, ˆKvbwU K‡wl msMVb, ˆKvbwU wkÞv msMVb BZÅvw`| ˆek wKQy ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msMVb cwiGek ev gwnjvwelqK KgÆmƒwPGZ wbGqvwRZ ^vKvq ev weGklvqGbi KviGY mswkÏÓ¡ welq-bvGg ev ˆkÉYxi…Gc wPwn×Z| ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©vàwjGZ ˆkÉYxKiGYi Z‡Zxq ‰KwU wfwî nGœQ ‰me msÕ©v hvG`i RbÅ KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KGi ˆmB jÞÅGMvÓ¤x ˆkÉYx| ewÕ¦evmxG`i RbÅ ‰bwRI, MÉvgxY ˆeKviG`i RbÅ ‰bwRI, gv`Kvmî× cybeÆvmGbi RbÅ ‰bwRI BZÅvw` ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msMVb ‰fvGeB MwVZ|

evsjvG`Gk ‰bwRImgƒGni m†wÓ¡ I ZvG`i KgÆZrciZvi cÉmvi ÷i‚ nq 1971-‰ gywî×hyG«¬i cÉvq ciciB| ‰me msÕ©vi cÉavb KvR wQj hy«¬wea»Õ¦ ˆ`kwUi òvY I cybeÆvmGb mvweÆK mnGhvwMZv `vb| ‰Kmgq òvY I cybeÆvmb KvR KGg ‰Gj ‰me msÕ©vi AGbKàwjB MÉvgxY `wi`Ë RbMGYi mvgvwRK I A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb mvnvhÅ `vGbi KgÆmƒwP wbGq ‰wMGq AvGm| ‰fvGeB ˆ`Gk D®²qGb Askx`vwiGZ½i ‰KwU bZzb aviv m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰bwRIàwj ‰Lb cÉavb ˆhme ˆÞGò KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KiGQ ˆmàwj nGœQ `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPb, cÍÏx D®²qb, ŠjwãK mgZv, cwiGek cÉwZiÞv, `yGhÆvM eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es gvbevwaKvi| evsjvG`Gk ‰bwRImgƒGni msLÅvwaKÅ I KgÆZrciZvi eÅvcK e†w«¬i ‰KwU AbÅZg KviY nGœQ `vwi`ËÅ mgmÅvi PÅvGjé ˆgvKvGejvq miKvGii mxgve«¬Zv| ZGe ˆ`Gk ‰Lb KZwU ‰bwRI KvR KiGQ Zvi mwVK ˆKvb cwimsLÅvb ˆbB| ‰bwRI wbe®¬Gbi RbÅ KGqKwU miKvwi msÕ©v cvkvcvwk KvR KiGQ| Avevi cÉPzi msLÅK ‰bwRI ‰KvwaK msÕ©vq wbew®¬Z| wbe®¬Gbi `vwqZ½cÉvµ¦ msÕ©vàwji Z^Å eÅeÕ©vcbvq `yeÆjZv ÷ay ‰bwRIàwji msLÅv-msò×v¯¦ ZG^Åi h^v^ÆZv wbi…cGYB mgmÅv bq, ‰bwRIàwji KvhÆò×g gƒjÅvqGbi ˆÞGòI eo cÉwZe®¬K| ‰bwRI wbe®¬bKvix meGPGq eo cÉwZÓ¤vb nGœQ mgvRGmev Awa`µ¦i, hv 1961 ˆ^GK 2000 chƯ¦ mgGq 19,000-‰iI ˆewk ‰bwRI wbe®¬b KGiGQ, ZGe ‰me ‰bwRI-i AwaKvskB nGœQ Õ©vbxq bvbv aiGbi KÑve I mvsÕ•‡wZK mwgwZ|

evsjvG`Gki ˆhme ‰bwRI weG`kx Drm ˆ^GK A^Æ msMÉn KiGZ AvMÉnx ZvG`i RbÅ evsjvG`k miKvGii ‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGiv-ˆZ wbew®¬Z nIqv AvBbZ evaÅZvgƒjK| ‰B eyÅGivwU 1990 mvGj MwVZ ‰es ‰wU cÉavb g¯¨xi KvhÆvjGqi A¯¦fzÆî×| 1999-‰i wWGmÁ¼i Aewa eyÅGiv ˆgvU 1,429wU ‰bwRI-ˆK wbe®¬b w`GqGQ| evsjvG`Gk ‰bwRImgƒn mg¯¼qKvix ˆek KGqKwU msÕ©v iGqGQ| ‰àwji gGaÅ e†nîg nGœQ AÅvWve ‰es ˆ`Gk D®²qb KgÆKvGí wbGqvwRZ Õ©vbxq, RvZxq ‰es Av¯¦RÆvwZK cÉvq me gvSvwi I eo ‰bwRI-B ‰B msÕ©vi m`mÅ|

bvbviKg cixÞvgƒjK I D«¿vebx c`GÞc ‰es KvhÆò×gMZ c«¬wZ cÉGqvGMi KviGY evsjvG`Gki AGbK ‰bwRI mgMÉ weGk¼ mycwiwPwZ ARÆb KGiGQ| cÉwkKv, eËÅvK I Avkv evsjvG`Gk Þz`ËFY, DcvbyÓ¤vwbK wkÞv ‰es cÉv^wgK wPwKrmv-ˆmevi ˆÞGò ˆhme mdj gGWj cÉGqvM KGi AvmGQ ˆmàwj ‰Lb AGbK D®²qbkxj ˆ`GkB cÉGqvGMi DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nGqGQ| mÁcÉwZ weGkl weGkl BmyÅGZ I mvaviYfvGe, bxwZ I ˆKŒkj cÉYqGb miKvGii wm«¬v¯¦ cÉYqGY ‰bwRImgƒn civgkÆK I ˆ`b-`ieviKvixi f„wgKvq DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ae`vb ivLGQ| ‰bwRIG`i ˆPÓ¡v I AeÅvnZ PvGc miKvi `wi`Ë RbMGYi RbÅ ‰es cwiGek D®²qGb mnvqK nq ‰gb me bxwZ, cwiK͸bv I cÉK͸ MÉnGY evaÅ nGœQ| evsjvG`k miKvi KZ‡ÆK MwVZ wkÞv Kwgkb I Õ©vbxq miKvi KwgkbGK ‰bwRIàwj hG^Ó¡ mnvqZv w`GqGQ| Õ©vbxq miKvi wbeÆvPGbi mgqmƒwP I c«¬wZ mÁ·GKÆ RbMGYi mGPZbZv e†w«¬GZ ‰es K‡wl, LvmRwg weZiY BZÅvw` welqK bxwZ cÉYqGb ‰bwRIàwj DGÍÏLGhvMÅ f„wgKv cvjb KiGQ|

evsjvG`Gk ˆKvb ‰bwRI ev mvaviYfvGe ˆKvb ˆemiKvwi mwgwZ-msMVGbi RbÅ wbe®¬b evaÅZvgƒjK bq| ZGe wbe®¬Gbi gvaÅGg ‰ RvZxq msMVb Šea Õ¼xK‡wZ cvq| ˆ`Gk ‰bwRImgƒn wbq¯¨GYi ˆhme AvBb AvGQ ˆmàwjGK ˆgvUvgywU `yB fvGM fvM Kiv hvq: 1. ˆÕ¼œQvGmex I ˆemiKvwi mwgwZmgƒnGK Šea Õ¼xK‡wZ ˆ`Iqvi AvBb, 2. ‰ mKj mwgwZi mGã miKvGii mÁ·KÆ wbq¯¨Y-msò×v¯¦ AvBb| cÉ^Ggvî× aiGbi AvBbmgƒn ‰bwRIàwji MVb, eÅeÕ©vcbv KvVvGgv I AvBbMZ `vq`vwqZ½ mÁ·wKÆZ ‰es ‰ aiGbi we`Ågvb PviwU AvBb nGœQ ˆmvmvBwUR ˆiwRGÕ¡Ëkb AÅvÙ 1861, UÇvÕ¡ AÅvÙ 1882, ˆKvAcvGiwUf ˆmvmvBwUR ˆiwRGÕ¡Ëkb AÅvÙ 1925 ‰es ˆKvÁ·vwb AvBb 1994| w«¼Zxq aiGbi AvBbmgƒGni gGaÅ AvGQ ˆÕ¼œQvGmex mgvRKjÅvY msÕ©v (wbq¯¨Y) AaÅvG`k 1961, weG`kx Aby`vb (ˆÕ¼œQvGmev KvhÆò×g) wbq¯¨Y AaÅvG`k 1978 (1982-ˆZ msGkvwaZ) ‰es weG`kx Puv`v/A^ÆmvnvhÅ (wbq¯¨Y) AaÅvG`k 1982| we`Ågvb AvBb, wewaweavb I AaÅvG`kmgƒGn cÉ`î msævàwjGZ AÕ·Ó¡Zv ‰es ˆKvb aiGbi KvR Kiv hvGe ev ˆKvb aiGbi KvR Kiv hvGe bv ˆm mÁ·GKÆ ciÕ·iweGivax AGbK aviv ^vKvq ‰bwRI KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbvq eü Amyweav ˆ`Lv w`GqGQ| AwaK¯§ AaÅvG`k I wewagvjvq ˆekwKQy aviv ‰gbfvGe ewYÆZ AvGQ ˆh cÉGqvRGb AskMÉnYgƒjK wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY I KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ‰bwRIàwj hG^Ó¡ bgbxq nGZ cvGi bv| ‰bwRI msò×v¯¦ AvBb-KvbyGbi wkGivbvg ˆ`LGjB ˆevSv hvq, ‰àwj gƒjZ ‰bwRIG`i KvhÆò×g myMg KGi ˆ`Iqvi ˆPGq eis Zv wbq¯¨GYi RbÅB cÉYxZ| 1993 mvGji ‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGiv ‘weG`kx ‰es weG`kx mvnvhÅcyÓ¡ ˆ`kx ˆÕ¼œQvGmex msÕ©vmgƒGni KvhÆcÉYvjx wewa’ bvGg ‰KwU wbG`Æk Rvwi KGi| ‰GZ ‰bwRIG`i KvhÆò×Gg AvBbMZ RwUjZvi wKQyUv mgvavb nq|

evsjvG`Gk `xNÆÕ©vqx D®²qGb, weGkl KGi, `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPb I mgvR-ˆmev KvhÆò×Gg Õ©vqx AMÉMwZ ARÆGb miKvwi DG`ÅvM chÆvµ¦ bq| ‰ cwiGcÉwÞGZ miKvi ‰me ˆÞGò ‰bwRIàwji mÁ·ƒiK f„wgKvi Õ¼xK‡wZ w`GqGQ ‰es miKvi I ‰bwRIàwji cviÕ·wiK mÁ·KÆ D®²qGb ˆekwKQy KvhÆKi c`GÞc wbGqGQ, ˆhgb cÍÏx KgÆmnvqK dvDG´£kb, ‰bwRI welqK eyÅGiv ‰es miKvi-‰bwRI civgkÆ cwil` MVb|

cÍÏx KgÆmnvqK dvDG´£kb (wcGK‰m‰d) 1990-‰i ˆg gvGm cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| ‰wU cÉwZÓ¤vi cÉavb DGókÅ, `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPGbi jGÞÅ Þz`ËFY KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbvq wbGqvwRZ mÁ¿vebvgq ‰bwRImgƒnGK A^ÆmsÕ©vb mvnvhÅ cÉ`vb| wcGK‰m‰d wbGR ˆKvÁ·vwb AvBGbi AaxGb wbew®¬Z ‰KwU AgybvdvwfwîK msÕ©v| 2000 mvGji Rvbyqvwi chƯ¦ wcGK‰m‰d 172wU Askx`vi msÕ©vGK 704.94 ˆKvwU UvKv FY w`GqGQ| wcGK‰m‰d-‰i mvnvhÅcyÓ¡ ‰bwRIàwj ˆ`Gki 64wU ˆRjvi gGaÅ 62wU ˆRjvGZB KgÆiZ| Avi, wcGK‰m‰d-‰i A^Æ ˆ^GK FYmyweav ˆcGqGQ 18,70,000 `wi`Ë eÅwî×, hvG`i 90%-B gwnjv| wcGK‰m‰d-‰i FY Av`vq nvi 98%| eZÆgvGb ‰wU Þz`ËFY KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbvi mg¯¼qKvix kxlÆ cÉwZÓ¤vb wnGmGe ‰wkqvq e†nîg I meGPGq mdj msÕ©v|

‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGiv cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq 1990 mvGji RyjvB gvGm| ‰wU cÉwZÓ¤vi jÞÅ wQj ‰bwRImgƒGni KvhÆò×Ggi àYMZ DrKlÆ ‰es miKvGii wbKU ‰bwRImgƒGni Revew`wnZv wbwøZKiY| ‰B jGÞÅ cwiPvwjZ ‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGivi KvhÆvewj nGœQ, ‰bwRImgƒGni wbe®¬b cÉ`vb, ZvG`i cÉK͸mgƒn cÉwò×qvKiY I AbyGgv`b; ‰bwRIàwjGZ weG`kx KgÆKZÆv I civgkÆKG`i wbGqvM I KvhÆKvj AbyGgv`b; ‰bwRI KvhÆò×gmgƒn mg¯¼qmvab, cwiexÞY, cwi`kÆb I gƒjÅvqb; ‰bwRImgƒGni cÉwZGe`b I weeiYxmgƒn chÆvGjvPbv I ˆmàwji Ici g¯¦eÅ cÉ`vb, ‰bwRIàwj ˆ^GK wdm/mvwfÆm PvRÆ Av`vq; ZvG`i Avq-eÅq welGq gvV chÆvGq cwi`kÆb cwiPvjbv, ‰es ‰bwRI I `vZvmsÕ©vmgƒGni gGaÅ mg¯¼q I ˆhvMvGhvM iÞv| ‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGiv MVGbi ci AvgjvZvw¯¨K `xNÆmƒòZv eÅvcK cwigvGY KGg ˆMGQ, KvàGR KvhÆò×g Z^v bw^ cÉwò×qvKiGYi KvR ‰es ‰ RvZxq KvGRi avc KGg ‰GmGQ, nËvm ˆcGqGQ cÉK͸ AbyGgv`Gbi cÉGqvRbxq mgq| ZGe ‰iciI AGbK ˆÞGò cÉwò×qvMZ `xNÆmƒòZv iGq ˆMGQ, `Þ ˆjvKej Avi KvGRi DcGhvMx gvbwmKZvi AfvGe ‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGiv ‰LbI KvGRKGgÆ ˆZgb `ÞZv ARÆb KiGZ cvGi wb|

miKvi ‰es ‰bwRImgƒGni gGaÅ mivmwi msjvc cwiPvjbvi ˆdvivg wnGmGe miKvi-‰bwRI civgkÆ cwil` MwVZ nq 1996 mvGj| ‰i jÞÅ miKvi I ‰bwRImgƒGni gGaÅ mnGhvwMZvi ˆÞGò ˆhme evav AvGQ ˆmàwj wPwn×Z Kiv ‰es AvGjvPbvi gvaÅGg miKvi-‰bwRI mnGhvwMZvi RbÅ D®²Z Z^v KvGhÆvcGhvMx bxwZ cÉYqb I cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK cwiGek m†wÓ¡ Kiv| ‰Qvov, ‰B msÕ©vi AviI KGqKwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ KvR nGœQ, RvZxq bxwZ-wbaÆviY I miKvGii D®²qb cÉK͸mgƒn evÕ¦evqGb ‰bwRImgƒGni eÅvcK AskMÉnGYi c«¬wZ D«¿veb, ‰bwRIàwji KgÆKví wbq¯¨GYi ˆh miKvwi eÅeÕ©v AvGQ mnR Kivi gvaÅGg Zvi D®²wZweavb ‰es ‰bwRI-welqK eyÅGivi cwiexÞY I gƒjÅvqb ÞgZv kwî×kvjxKiY|

weG`kx Aby`vb/Avw^ÆK mg^Æb wbGq KvR KiGQ evsjvG`Gk KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbvKvix ‰gb ‰bwRIG`i gGaÅ ˆ`kx I weG`kx Dfq cÉKvi ‰bwRI-B AvGQ| mÁcÉwZ ‰bwRI eyÅGivi gvaÅGg weG`kx Aby`vb cvIqv ‰bwRImgƒGni msLÅv eÅvcKfvGe e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ| 1990-‰i RyjvB gvGm ‰bwRI eyÅGiv cÉwZÓ¤vi mgGq evsjvG`Gk weG`kx mvnvhÅcyÓ¡ ˆ`kx ‰bwRI wQj 293wU ‰es weG`kx ‰bwRI wQj 89wU| H eQi ‰bwRIG`i 8wU cÉKG͸i RbÅ cvIqv weG`kx Aby`vGbi cwigvY wQj ˆgvU 21 ˆKvwU UvKv| 1990-91 mvGj ‰bwRI eyÅGivi wbew®¬Z ‰bwRIi msLÅv `vuovq ˆ`kx 395 ‰es weG`kx 99| ‰ eQi chƯ¦ 472wU cÉKG͸ ‰bwRIG`i cvIqv meÆGgvU weG`kx Aby`vb wQj 448 ˆKvwU UvKv| 1999-‰i wWGmÁ¼i chƯ¦ mgGqi RbÅ Zzjbxq Z^Åmgƒn wQj ˆ`kx ‰bwRI 1,280, weG`kx ‰bwRI 149, weG`kx mvnvhÅcyÓ¡ ‰bwRI cÉKG͸i ˆgvU msLÅv 6,424 ‰es ‰bwRIG`i cvIqv ˆgvU weG`kx Aby`vb 8,119 ˆKvwU UvKv|

DcvRÆbgƒjK KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbvq ‰bwRImgƒGni ZrciZv nGq DGVGQ gvV chÆvGq miKvGii cÍÏx D®²qbgƒjK KgÆKví cwiPvjbvi ‰KwU KvhÆKix weK͸| ZGe wewbGqvGMi Zzjbvq ‰me KvhÆò×Gg DcvRÆb-nvi ZzjbvgƒjKfvGe Kg eGj AGbGKB ‰Lb ‰ RvZxq KvhÆò×Ggi Õ©vqx DcGhvwMZv wbGq cÉk² ZzGjGQb| eÕ§Z evsjvG`Gk ‰Lb ˆKvb ˆKvb ‰bwRI DcvRÆbgƒjK KgÆKvGí FY cÉ`vGbi aviYvwUB evwZj KGi w`GqGQ| cÞv¯¦Gi, Zviv f„wg, ebvçj, Rjvf„wg BZÅvw`i Dci f„wgnxbG`i wbq¯¨Y evovGbv ‰es miKvwi ˆmev KvhÆò×Ggi myweavi ˆÞGò ZvG`i h^vh^ `vwe cÉwZÓ¤vi jGÞÅ ZvG`iGK msMwVZ Kivi Ici AMÉvwaKvi ˆ`Iqvi cÞcvwZ| eo eo ˆekKwU ‰bwRI `y aiGbi KvhÆò×gB cwiPvjbv KiGQ| ZvG`i hywî× nGœQ ˆh, DcvRÆbgƒjK KgÆKvGíi ÷ay A^Æ‹bwZK myweavB ˆbB, mvgvwRK myweavI AGbK, weGkl KGi gwnjvG`i ÞgZvqGb DcvRÆbgƒjK KgÆKvGíi f„wgKv AbÕ¼xKvhÆ|

weMZ wZb `kGK evsjvG`Gk ‰bwRI KvhÆò×gmgƒn ˆek KGqKwU ˆÞGò mymsMwVZfvGe cwiPvwjZ nGq AvmGQ| ‰àwj nGœQ Z‡Ygƒj chÆvGq KvhÆKi MYZvw¯¨K cÉwò×qvi cÉPjb, `vwi`ËÅ weGgvPb, bvix AwaKvi, wkÞv, Õ¼vÕ©Å, cwievi cwiK͸bv ‰es cwiGek| evsjvG`Gk ‰bwRI ZrciZv eÕ§Z D®²qb Pvwn`v AvGQ ‰gb mKj LvGZB weÕ¦‡Z| ˆ`Gki ‰bwRImgƒn bvbv aiGbi bGev«¿vebvi RbÅ wek¼ RyGo cwiwPwZ jvf KGiGQ| DGÍÏLGhvMÅ bGev«¿vebvi gGaÅ AvGQ Þz`ËFY, AcÉvwZÓ¤vwbK wkÞv I cÉv^wgK Õ¼vթňmevq MÉvgxY eÅvsK , eËÅvK I Avkv-i Abym†Z gGWjmgƒn| ‰bwRImgƒn ‰Lb bZzb bZzb KvhÆò×g I mgvRRxeGb cwieZÆb AvbqGb mÞg ‰gb AGbK KgÆmƒwP wbGq ‰wMGq AvmGQ, bvbviKg bZzb aviYv wbGq cixÞv-wbixÞv PvjvGœQ|

evsjvG`Gk KgÆiZ ‰bwRImgƒn `Ë‚Z, ò×gewaÆZ cwigvGY weG`kx Aby`vb cvIqvq ‰es ZvG`i KvGRi ˆÞò I ˆfŒGMvwjK cwimi eÅvcKfvGe weÕ¦‡Z nIqvq ‰bwRIG`iGK miKvi KLbI KLbI wbGRi cÉwZ«¼±«¼x fvGe| ZGe evÕ¦Ge ‰bwRI I miKvwi msÕ©vi ‰GK AciGK cÉwZ«¼±«¼x fvevi ˆKvb KviY ˆbB| eis ZvG`i DfGqi gGaÅ KvhÆKi mnGhvwMZvq AGbK RbwnZKi KvhÆò×g mdjfvGe cwiPvjbv Kiv mÁ¿e| ‰i RbÅ cÉGqvRb miKvwi msÕ©v I ‰bwRImgƒGni gGaÅ ˆhvMvGhvM ‰es mg¯¼Gqi cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK eÅeÕ©v| 

[mvGjnDwób AvnGg`]