‰Mviwm®¬zi
‰KwU HwZnÅgwíZ MÉvg| MÉvgwU
ˆUvGKi wecixZ w`GK eËþcyò bG`i cƒeÆ ZxGi ‰es KwUqvwU DcGRjv m`i ˆ^GK
mvGo bq gvBj cwøGg AewÕ©Z| Aveyj dRGji AvKeibvgvq ‰Mviwm®¬zi
bvGgi DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| Õ©vbwUi bvgKiY wbGq gZGf` AvGQ|
‰Mviwm®¬zGii
cÉvPxb BwZnvm KLb ˆ^GK ÷i‚ nGqGQ Zv wbwøZ KGi ejv hvq bv| 1933 mvGj
LbGbi dGj ‰LvGb KGqKwU QvcvwâZ ˆiŒcÅ gy`Ëv ‰es mÁcÉwZ ‰i AbwZ`ƒGi jvjgvwUi
DœPf„wgGZ eËþcyò bG`i ‰KwU Mfxi LvG`i cvGk AvKwiK ˆjvnvi ŠZix nvZ KzVvi,
ekÆv djK I abyGK eÅenvi DcGhvMx cv^Gii àwU AvweÓ•‡Z nGqGQ| MGelKMY gy`ËvàwjGK
wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ lÓ¤ kZvõxi ‰es cÉðmÁ·`àwjGK wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ `kg kZvõxi eGj gGb KGib|
‰i ˆ^GK HwZnvwmKMY aviYv KGib ˆh, ˆjvKvjq wnGmGe ‰Mviwm®¬zi AeÕ©vb KgcGÞ
wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ ‰K nvRvi eQGii cÉvPxb| ‰ AçGji Avw` evwm±`v wnGmGe ˆKvP I
nvRs RbGMvÓ¤xi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ lÓ¤ kZvõxi gy`Ëv weGkÏlGY
cÉZxqgvb nq ˆh, ˆm mgGq ‰Mviwm®¬zi eÅemv evwYGRÅi ˆK±`Ê wnGmGe weGkl
LÅvwZ ARÆb KGiwQj| ˆgŒhÆ hyGM ‰ ‰jvKvi gvbyl meÆcÉ^g Dîi fviGZi mGã
mvsÕ•‡wZK mÁ·KÆ Õ©vcb KiGZ ÷i‚ KGi| ‰ hyGMB ‰ Õ©vGbi ˆjvKG`i mGã cyíËbMi
I gMGai eÅemvqxG`i evwYwRÅK mÁ·KÆ MGo IGV|
൦
hyGM 380 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ ‰Mviwm®¬zi WevK ivGRÅi A¯¦fzÆî× wQj| ‰ici mÁ¿eZ
‰ AçjwU Kvgi…c ivGRÅi AaxGb PGj hvq| AÓ¡g kZvõxi Avie ˆfŒGMvwjKMGYi
weeiGY ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, `ywU b`xi mãgÕ©Gj AewÕ©Z ‰KwU evwYRÅ e±`i ˆ^GK gymjgvb
ewYKiv mƒß gmwjb eÕ¨ I AbÅvbÅ mvgMÉx cvimÅ I ˆivGg wbGq ˆhZ| HwZnvwmKG`i
aviYv, `ywU b`xi mãgÕ©j ejGZ cÉvPxb evsjvi evwYRÅ e±`i ‰Mviwm®¬ziGKB
ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ|
`kg
kZvõxi cÉ^g w`GK Kvgi…c ivRvG`i `yeÆjZvi myGhvGM Kvgi…Gci wbÁ²vçGj eü
mvg¯¦ivGRÅi m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰ mgq nvRivw` AçGji mvg¯¦ivRv AvRnvev ˆKvP mvg¯¦ivRv
eUsGK civwRZ KGi ‰Mviwm®¬zi AwaKvi KGib| wK¯§ KGqK eQi cGiB AvRnvevGK
civwRZ KGi ˆeeya bvGg ‰KRb Õ¼vaxb ivRv ‰Mviwm®¬zGi ÞgZvmxb nb| ‰B ˆeeyGai
mgq ˆ^GKB ‰Mviwm®¬zGii Dïvb ÷i‚ nq| ivRv ˆeeya ‰Mviwm®¬zGi `yMÆ, ivRcÉvmv`,
gw±`i BZÅvw` wbgÆvY KGib ‰es ‰KwU weivU w`wN I cwiLv Lbb KGib|
`kg
kZvõxi w«¼ZxqvGaÆ ‰Mviwm®¬zi P±`Êeskxi ivRv kÉxP±`Ê ‰i kvmbvaxGb
AvGm| mÁ¿eZ ivgcvj ‰i ivRZ½KvGj ‰Mviwm®¬zi AçGj egÆYivRvG`i
AwaKvi cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq ‰es AvbygvwbK «¼v`k kZvõxi gvSvgvwS mgq chƯ¦ ZvG`i
kvmb AeÅvnZ ^vGK| ‰ici ‰Mviwm®¬zi mÁ¿eZ ˆmb kvmbvaxGb PGj AvGm ‰es ˆmb
kvmGbi AemvGbi ci Kvgi…c ivRvi ivRÅfzî× nq|
Pò×cvwb
`Gîi ˆjLv ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq ˆh, PZz`Æk kZvõxi cÉ^g w`GK ˆMŒGoi myjZvb kvgmyóxb wdi‚R kvn ‰Mviwm®¬zimn e†nîi gqgbwmsn I wmGjU Açj AwaKvi KGib| 1338
wLËÓ¡vGõ ‰Mviwm®¬zimn evsjvi ‰ AçGji kvmb ÞgZv MÉnY KGib ˆmvbviMuvI
‰i Õ¼vaxb myjZvb dLi‚óxb gyeviK kvn| ‰LvGb ZLb ‰KwU `yGfÆ`Å
`yMÆI wQj| mÁ¿eZ dLi‚óxb gyeviK kvn Zvi fvMÅ wechÆGqi mgGq ‰Mviwm®¬zGi
AeÕ©vb wbGq wQGjb ‰es ‰Lvb ˆ^GKB Avevi ˆmvbviMuvGqi wmsnvmb AwaKvi KGib|
Avw` Bwjqvm kvnx AvgGj ‰Mviwm®¬zi evsjvi myjZvGbi Aaxb wQj| 1357 wLËÓ¡vGõ
myjZvb wmKv±`i kvn ‰Mviwm®¬zi `yMÆ ‰i msÕ•vi KGiwQGjb|
Zuvi mgGq ‰Mviwm®¬zi ‰KwU ài‚Z½cƒYÆ evwYRÅ e±`i wnGmGeI LÅvwZjvf KGi|
cç`k
kZvõxi w«¼Zxq `kK nGZ beg `kK chƯ¦ (1415-1486 wLË.) ‰Mviwm®¬zi KvG`i
wbq¯¨GY wQj Zv h^v^ÆfvGe ejv hvq bv| ZGe gGb nq ‰ mgGq ‰LvGb evGiv
fuƒBqvG`i cÉvavbÅB we`Ågvb wQj| nvekx myjZvbG`i AvgGj (1486/ 87-1493
wLË.) ‰Mviwm®¬zi cybivq gymjgvb KZƆGZ½ AvGm eGj Rvbv hvq| ˆnvGmb kvnx
esGki wMqvmDóxb gvngy` kvn ‰i mgq cZzÆwMR ewYKiv ‰Mviwm®¬zGi evwYRÅ KzwVmn ÷Í• NvwU wbgÆvY KGi| wMqvmDóxb gvngy`
kvGni ci ‰Mviwm®¬zi ˆkikvn ‰i kvmbvaxGb PGj AvGm| wK¯§ Zuvi g†ZzÅi ci ‰Mviwm®¬zGii kvmbKZ‡ÆZ½
PGj hvq Õ©vbxq Rwg`viG`i nvGZ|
1577
wLËÓ¡vGõ Cmv Lvb gmb`-B-Avjv ‰Mviwm®¬ziGK ivR‹bwZK I ài‚Z½cƒYÆ
evwYwRÅK ˆK±`Ê wnGmGe cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| Cmv LvGbi mGã gyMjG`i hyG«¬i cÉv^wgK
chÆvGq gyMj ˆmbvbvqK gynÁÃ` Kzwj I kvn ei`x ‰Mviwm®¬zi `Lj KGi wbGqwQGjb|
wK¯§ Cmv LvGbi ŠmbÅiv cvΟv Avò×gY PvwjGq gyMj evwnbxGK fxlYfvGe chÆy`Õ©
KGi ‰Mviwm®¬zi cyb`ÆLj KGi ˆbq ‰es ‰ici ˆ^GK Cmv Lvb ‰LvGbB AeÕ©vb KiGZ
^vGKb|
1597
wLËÓ¡vGõ ‰Mviwm®¬zi `yMÆ«¼vGi Cmv LvGbi mGã hyG«¬ gyMj ˆmbvcwZ gvbwmsn
‰i cyò `yRÆbwmsn wbnZ nb| gvbwmsGni mGãI Cmv LvGbi hy«¬ nq ‰es AeGkGl
DfqcGÞ mw®¬ mvÞwiZ nq| Cmv LvGbi g†ZzÅi ci ‰Mviwm®¬zi gymv Lvb
‰i KZƆZ½vaxb nq| ‰ mgq chƯ¦ ‰Mviwm®¬zi ‰KwU `yMÆ I mg†«¬ evwYRÅGK±`Ê
wQj|
gyMj
mgËvU Rvnvãxi ‰i AvgGj Dmgvb Lvb ˆjvnvbxi wbq¯¨GY wQj ‰Mviwm®¬zi|
evnvwiÕ¦vb-B-MvGqex AbymvGi gyMjG`i nvGZ ‰Mviwm®¬zGii
cZb NGU 1608 wLËÓ¡vGõi ˆkGli w`GK| ‰ici ‰Mviwm®¬ziGK ˆK±`Ê KGi gyMjMY
Dmgvb LvGbi wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb cwiPvjbv KGi|
mgËvU
kvnRvnvb ‰i mgq 1638 wLËÓ¡vGõ Avmvg ivR 500 ˆbŒhvbmn ‰Mviwm®¬zi
Avò×gY KGib| evsjvi myevn`vi Avmvg ivRGK cÉwZnZ Kivi RbÅ AMÉmi
nGj Dfq cGÞ cÉP´£ hy«¬ nq ‰es hyG«¬i dGj ‰Mviwm®¬zi cÉP´£fvGe ÞwZMÉÕ¦
nq| ‰ici ˆ^GK AçjwU axGi axGi HwZnÅ nvivGZ ^vGK ‰es ‰K mgq ÷ay evwYRÅ
ˆK±`Ê wnGmGeB ‰wU wUGK ^vGK| [‰.we.‰g.
kvgmyóxb Avng`]
