‰KjvLx
mgvwaGmŒa evsjvq A`Åvewa we`Ågvb ‰ aiGbi Õ©vcZÅ KxwZÆàwji
Avw` wb`kÆb| ‰wU ˆjvK ciÁ·ivq ivRv MGYGki ˆQGj Rvjvjyóxb gynÁÃ` kvn ‰i mgvwaGmŒa i…Gc cwiwPZ| ˆmŒawU fviGZi cwøgeGãi gvj`n ˆRjvi
nhiZ cv´£zqvq AewÕ©Z| ‰ mgvwaGmŒa wbgÆvGYi AbyGcÉiYv ‰GmGQ wenvi kixGd
AewÕBeivwng eväyi mgvwai (1353 wLË.) gvaÅGg ‰es w`wÍÏi KzIqvZzj Bmjvg
gmwRG`i ˆcQGb AewÕ©Z myjZvb BjZzrwgGki mgvwa (1236 wLË.) ˆ^GK| BmjvGgi
cÉv^wgK hyGM mgvwaGmŒa wbgÆvY ˆZgb RbwcÉq wQj bv| ZzwKÆG`i AvMgGbi mGã
mGã ‰i RbwcÉqZv e†w«¬ cvq| ‰ RvZxq eMÆvKvi BgviGZi meÆcÉ^g wb`kÆb ˆevLvivq
mvgvbx eskxq BmgvBGji mgvwa| mÁ¿eZ ‰i gƒj bgybv wQj ‘PvnviZK’ bvGg cwiwPZ
BivGbi Pvi MÁ¼yRwewkÓ¡ mvmvbxq Aw™² gw±`i| RbkÉ‚wZ AvGQ ˆh, ‰i wbgÆvYKvGhÆ
‰K jvL UsKv eÅq nGqwQj; ZvB ‰i bvgKiY nGqGQ ‰KjvLx| ‰i wbgÆvYKvj AævZ;
ZGe mvaviYZ RvjvjyóxGbi g†ZzÅi eQiGKB (1433 wLË) ‰i wbgÆvGYi Kvj eGj
aGi ˆbIqv nGqGQ|
mye†nr
Avw`bv gmwR` ‰i `wÞY-cwøg w`GK AewÕ©Z ‰ BgviZwU BGUi ŠZix ‰es
mydx bƒi KzZze Avjg ‰i mÁÃvbvG^Æ ŠZix KzZzekvnx gmwR`
‰i wKQy`ƒi Dîi-cƒGeÆ ‰i AeÕ©vb| ‰i AvKvi 24 wg × 22.7 wg; P„ovwewkÓ¡ ˆMvjvaÆ
AvK‡wZi MÁ¼yGRi Afů¦ixY eÅvm 14.8 wgUvi| MÁ¼yRwU Pvi ˆKvGYi Õ•zBGçi
Dci Õ©vwcZ| BgviZwUi Pvi ˆKvGY PviwU AÓ¡fzR eyi‚R «¼viv ewnfÆvMGK gReyZ
Kiv nGqGQ| cÉwZ w`GKi ˆ`qvGji gvSLvGb ‰KwU KGi ˆgvU PviwU cÉGek«¼vi
iGqGQ| cÉGek«¼vGii ˆPŒKvGVi evRyi DcwifvGM iGqGQ mi`jmn mƒPÅMÉ wLjvb|
‰wU wn±`y gw±`Gii ‰KwU ˆgŒwjK ŠewkÓ¡Å hv ZzMjK Õ©vcGZÅi gvaÅGg cÉPwjZ
nGqGQ| `iRvi evRy I mi`jàwjGZ iGqGQ ˆLv`vB Kiv ˆ`egƒwZÆ| `wÞGYi cÉGekcG^i
mi`Gj iGqGQ weúz gƒwZÆ ‰es `iRvi evRyàwjGZ «¼vicvGji gƒwZÆ| ‰i ˆ^GKB
cÉgvwYZ nq ˆh, ‰àwj wn±`y gw±`i BgviZ ˆ^GK msMÉn Kiv nGqGQ| BgviZwUi
Afů¦Gi wZbwU cÉÕ¦i kevavGii a»smveGkl iGqGQ| cwøg w`GKiwU myjZvGbi,
gaÅeZÆxwU Zuvi Õ¨xi ‰es cƒeÆ w`GKiwU Zuvi cyò myjZvb Avng` kvGni Kei
eGj gGb Kiv nq| ˆfZGii cÉkÕ¦ cÉGKvGÓ¤i ‰KwU weGkl ŠewkÓ¡Å nGjv ˆKvYàwjGZ
wbwgÆZ PviwU KzVzwi| ‰àwj KziAvb ˆZjvIqvZKvixG`i RbÅ msiwÞZ KÞ eGj gGb
Kiv nq|
BgviZwUi
AjsKiGYi gGaÅ iGqGQ ˆKvGYi eyi‚RàwjGZ `woi QuvP bK&kv ejq, evBGii
mew`GK wefvRbKvix QuvP bKkv, cÅvGbGji wbGP ˆUivGKvUv djGKi cvGk KvwbÆGm
eZÆgvGb f™² wZb Õ¦i wewkÓ¡ QuvP bK&kv, hv Avw`bv gmwR` nGZ AbyKiY
Kiv nGqGQ| MÁ¼yGRi Afů¦ifvM ‰K mgq cjÕ¦viv «¼viv AjsK‡Z wQj ‰es ‰àwji
meB ‰Lb wea»Õ¦| MÁ¼yRwU myjZvwb AvgGji evsjvi AbÅvbÅ MÁ¼yGRi gGZvB kxlÆ`´£nxb;
ZGe ˆeŒ«¬ ixwZGZ ‘niwgKv’ AvKvGi ˆMvjvKvi ˆeÓ¡bx «¼viv AvœQvw`Z wQj
eGj gGb nq hv Õ·Ó¡Z ‰KwU ˆeŒ«¬ ŠewkÓ¡Å| ˆMvjvaÆ AvK‡wZi MÁ¼yRwU eÕ§Z
muvPx (wLË.cƒ. cÉ^g kZvõx) I cvévGei gvwbKÅjv (wLËÓ¡xq w«¼Zxq kZvõx)
gnv Õ§Gci MÁ¼yRàwji AvK‡wZi mGã ‰GZvUvB mv`†kÅcƒYÆ ˆh, ‰me MÁ¼yGRi aviYv
ˆh Hme Õ¦„c ˆ^GK M†nxZ Zv mnGRB Abygvb Kiv hvq|
evsjvi
Õ©vcZÅwkG͸ ‰ febwUi cÉavb Ae`vb nGœQ evsjvi KzuGoNGii Xvjy Pvjvi AbyKiGY
gaÅfvM nGZ KvwbÆmGK wbGPi w`GK euvwKGq eãxqKiY Kiv| ‰Kevi Pvjy nIqvi
ci ‰ ixwZ evsjvq myjZvwb AvgGji Õ©vcZÅwkG͸i ÷ay ‰K MÁ¼yRwewkÓ¡ BgviGZB
bq, eü-MÁ¼yRwewkÓ¡ e†nr AvKvGii gmwR`àwjGZI eÅen…Z nGZ ^vGK| ÷ay myjZvwb
AvgGji feb wbgÆvGY bq, gyMj Õ©vcZÅwkG͸I ‰wU evsjvi ‰K-MÁ¼yRwewkÓ¡ feGbi
bwRi cÉwZÓ¤v KGiGQ| Õ©vcZÅwkG͸i eãxq ixwZ MVGb ‰i ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Ae`vb cç`k
kZvõxi ˆklvGaÆ ‰es ˆlvok kZvõxi cÉ^g w`GK mvdGjÅi kxGlÆ DcbxZ nq| [‰.we.‰g. ˆnvmvBb]
