FY
ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY
Õ¼vaxbZvcieZÆx
evsjvG`Gki eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©v `xNÆ mgqeÅvcx ‰KwU wbG`ÆwkZ I wbqw¯¨Z
cwiGeGk cwiPvwjZ nGqGQ| weGklfvGe wPwn×Z AMÉvwaKvi LvZmgƒGn miKvi KZƆK
wbG`ÆwkZ myG` eÅvsKàwjGK FY`vGb evaÅ Kiv nGZv| dGj ‰ mKj wbG`ÆwkZ FGYi
e†n`vsk ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ I Abv`vwq nGq cGo| wK¯§ FYmgƒn cwiGkva wKsev ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ
eGj MYÅ Kivi RbÅ ˆKvb mymgw¯¼Z mgqmƒwP ‰es ˆmàwjGK ˆkÉYxwebÅÕ¦ Kivi
gvbmÁ·®² ˆKvb c«¬wZ I bxwZgvjv wQj bv| dGj Õ¼vaxbZv cieZÆx AvovB `kGKiI
ˆewk mgq evsjvG`Gk FY ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY welqwU cÉPwjZ wQj bv| mvaviYZ ˆKvb
‰KwU FYGK ˆkÉYxwebÅvwmZ eGj MYÅ Kivi RbÅ `xNÆ mgGqi cÉGqvRb nGZv| dGj
FY ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi aviYv ‰G`Gk ZZUv ài‚Z½ cvq wb| dGj eÅvsKàwji cÉ`î
FGYi AwaKvsk A-KvhÆKi I Abv`vwq nGq cGo ‰es Zviv eÅvcKfvGe gƒjab NvUwZi
mÁÃyLxb nq| Kvjò×Gg ˆ`Gki ˆMvUv eÅvswKs eÅeÕZvi `vq cwiGkvGa AÞg nGq
cGo ‰es ‰i fwelÅr KvhÆò×g PvjvGbv AmÁ¿e eGj cwijwÞZ nq| ‰gZveÕ©vq evsjvG`k
miKvi KZ‡ÆK MwVZ bÅvkbvj Kwgkb Ab gvwb, eÅvswKs AÅv´£ ˆò×wWU ‰es wek¼
eÅvsGKi mycvwiGki wfwîGZ miKvi Avw^ÆK LvZ msÕ•vGii RbÅ eÅvcK KgÆmƒwP
nvGZ ˆbq| ‰ msÕ•vi KgÆmƒwPi Ask wnGmGe 1989 mvGji bGfÁ¼i gvGm FY ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi
‰KwU bZzb c«¬wZ ‰es mÁ¿veÅ Abv`vwq I ˆjvKmvwb FYmgƒGni Ici eÅvsKàwji
AwRÆZ gybvdv ˆ^GK cÉwfkb msiÞGYi wbqg Pvjy Kiv nq| Z`byhvqx 31 wWGmÁ¼i
1989 ZvwiL chƯ¦ ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ FYmgƒGni cÉv^wgK ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY I cÉwfkwbs-‰i
KvR 31 AvMÕ¡ 1990-‰i gGaÅ mÁ·®² nq|
31
wWGmÁ¼i 1990 ZvwiGLi eGKqv I ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ FGYi wÕ©wZi wfwîGZ 31 wWGmÁ¼i
1991 ZvwiGLi gGaÅ ˆkÉYxwebÅvwmZ FGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq cÉwfkb ‰es Õ©wMZ
myG`i wnmvevqb mÁ·®² nq| chÆvqò×Gg ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY, cÉwfkGbi cwigvY cÉvØjb
‰es Abv`vwq FYmgƒGni RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq eÅeÕ©v MÉnGYi KvR cÉwZ ermGii 31
wWGmÁ¼i ZvwiGLi wÕ©wZi wfwîGZ H ZvwiGLi cieZÆx 3 gvGmi gGaÅ mÁ·®² Kivi
wbqg AeÅvnZ ^vGK| eÅvsKàwji Ici ZvG`i wbR wbR FGYi ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi
`vwqZ½ bÅÕ¦ Kiv nq ‰es ‰KRb FYMÉnxZv hLbB Zvi M†nxZ FY cwiGkvGa AÞg
eGj cÉZxqgvb nq, ZLbB eÅvsK H FYGK wbaÆvwiZ wbqgvbyhvqx ˆkÉYxwebÅÕ¦
KGi| cÉ`î FGYi àYMZ gvGbi cwiGcÉwÞGZ eÅvsKàwj wbGRivB wKQy kZÆ wbaÆviY
KGi Z`byhvqx ˆkÉYxwebÅvm Kivi wbqg cÉYqb KGi| AZxGZ eÅvsKàwji cÉ`î FY
3 ˆkÉYxGZ wefî× Kiv nGZv: 1. wbÁ²gvb ˆhme FY I AwMÉg ev Zvi Ask wKsev
Zvi Ici AwRÆZ my` ‰K ermi A^ev ZGZvwaK wK¯§ 3 ermGii Kg mgq chƯ¦ Abv`vwq
I ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ; 2. mG±`nRbK ˆhme FY I AwMÉg ev Zvi ˆKvb Ask ev Zvi Ici
DcwPZ my` 3 ermi ev ZGZvwaK wK¯§ 5 ermGii AbwaKKvj Abv`vwq I ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ
‰es hv Av`vGqi RbÅ AvBbMZ eÅeÕ©v ˆbIqv ÷i‚ nGqGQ; ‰es 3. Lvivc/g±` ˆhme
FY I AwMÉg ev Zvi ˆKvb Ask wKsev Zvi Ici DcwPZ my` 5 ermi ev ZGZvwaKKvj
Abv`vwq iGqGQ ‰es ˆmàwji RbÅ AvBwb eÅeÕ©v MÉnY Kiv nGjI Av`vjZ ˆ^GK
ˆKvb wm«¬v¯¦ ev ivq cvIqv hvq wb|
wbaÆvwiZ
ZvwiGL ‰KwU FY/AwMÉg wnmvGei wÕ©wZi cwigvY ˆ^GK Zvi Ici DcwPZ myG`i
ˆh Ask ‘Õ©wMZ my`’ wnGmGe ˆbIqv nGqGQ Zv ev` w`Gq ‘wbÁ²gvb’ ˆkÉYxfzî×
FGYi RbÅ cÉwfkb cÉGqvRbxqZv wbYÆq Kiv nGZv| wbaÆvwiZ ZvwiGL ˆKvb FY/AwMÉg
wnmvGei eGKqv wÕ©wZi gGaÅ A¯¦fÆyî× ˆhGKvb cwigvY my` A^ev H myG`i ˆKvb
Ask ‘my` Õ©wMZ wnmve’-‰ mg¯¼q Kiv nGq ^vKGj Zv ev` w`Gq mG±`nRbK ‰es
ÞwZ ˆkÉYxwebÅvmK‡Z FGYi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq cÉwfkGbi cwigvY wbaÆviY Kiv nGZv|
wbÁ²gvb, mG±`nRbK ‰es g±` ˆkÉYxi FGYi RbÅ h^vò×Gg 10%, 50% ‰es 100%
nvGi cÉwfkb msiÞY Kivi wbqg wQj| ‰Qvov eÅvsKàwji RbÅ AGkÉYxwebÅvmK‡Z
FGYi Ici 1% nvGi mvaviY cÉwfkb msiÞY Kiv evaÅZvgƒjK wQj|
FY
ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY cÉwò×qvGK Av¯¦RÆvwZK chÆvGq D®²xZ Kivi jGÞÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsK 1994 mvGji wWGmÁ¼i gvGm ‰KwU msGkvwaZ bxwZgvjv Pvjy KGi| cuvPwU
wewf®² chÆvGq wWGmÁ¼i, 1998-‰i gGaÅ bZzb ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY c«¬wZi evÕ¦evqb
mÁ·®² nq| bZzb c«¬wZGZ ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi RbÅ FGYi ˆgqv`Kvj cƒGeÆi Z„jbvq
eüj gvòvq KgvGbv nq ‰es ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi Õ¦i evovGbv nq| FY ˆkÉYxKiGYi
cÉwò×qv mnR Kivi DGóGkÅ 1998 mvGji wWGmÁ¼i gvGm eÅvsKàwjGK bZzb w`KwbG`Ækbv
ˆ`Iqv nq| Aciw`GK bZzb c«¬wZGZ cÉ`î FYGK 4wU wewf®² bvGg wPwn×Z Kivi
RbÅ evsjvG`k eÅvsK wbG`Æk Rvwi KGi| wbG`Ækvbyhvqx, wewf®² cÉKvi FYGK
Pjgvb FY, Zjwe FY, ˆgqvw` FY ‰es ռ͸Ggqvw` K‡wl I Þz`Ë FY bvGg AwfwnZ
Kiv nGZ ^vGK| msGkvwaZ c«¬wZGZ ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY ‰es cÉwfkb wbYÆGqi RbÅI
bZzb wbqg Pvjy Kiv nq| Z`byhvqx, K. 3 gvm ev ZGZvwaK wK¯§ 6 gvGmi Kg
mgq chƯ¦ ˆKvb FY Abv`vwq ev ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ ^vKGj H FYGK ‘wbÁ²gvb’, L.
6 gvm ev ZGZvwaK wK¯§ AbwaK 1 ermi mgq aGi Abv`vwq nGj ‘mG±`nRbK’ ‰es
M. ‰K ermGii AwaK mgq ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ nGj H FYGK g±` ev ˆjvKmvwb ˆkÉYxi
weGePbv Kiv nq| ‰KB mGã DwÍÏwLZ wbÁ²gvb, mG±`nRbK ‰es g±` ˆkÉYxfzî×
FGYi RbÅ h^vò×Gg 20%, 50% ‰es 100% nvGi cÉwfkb msiÞGYi bZzb wbqgI Pvjy
Kiv nq| ‰Qvov eÅvsKàwjGK cÉ^g chÆvGq evrmwiK wfwîGZ ‰es w«¼Zxq I Z‡Zxq
chÆvGq h^vò×Gg lv¯ÃvwmK I ŠògvwmK wfwîGZ FYmgƒn ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi RbÅ
wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| AviI wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nq ˆh, 1995 mvGji 1 Rvbyqvwi ˆ^GK
ˆkÉYxwebÅvm Kivi RbÅ bZzb, bevqbK‡Z ev cybtZdwkjxK‡Z FYGK bZzb FY wnGmGe
AwfwnZ Kiv nGe ‰es ŠògvwmK wfwîGZ cÉwfkwbs KiGZ nGe|
FY
ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiGYi bZzb bxwZgvjv evÕ¦evqGbi dGj evsjvG`Gki eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©vq
we`Ågvb ˆLjvwc FGYi gvòv ‰es ‰ msò×v¯¦ gvivZÄK mgmÅvi Õ¼i…c D`NvwUZ
nq| ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, eÅvsKàwji FY-còGKvl ‰es ‰i àYMZ gvb LyeB wbÁ²chÆvGq
AeÕ©vb KiGQ| ‰gZveÕ©vq ivÓ¡Ëvqî eÅvsKàwj ˆLjvwc FGYi cwigvY KwgGq ‰Gb
mÁ·G`i àYMZ gvb e†w«¬ I Avw^ÆK AeÕ©vi D®²qGb Zrci nGq IGV| bZzb ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY
c«¬wZ Abyhvqx eÅvsKàwjGK ˆgqvG`vîxYÆ FGYi Ici Abv`vwq DcwPZ my` wnmvGei
gvaÅGg K‡wòg gybvdv cÉ`kÆb ˆ^GK weiZ ivLv nq| bZzb FY ˆkÉYxwebÅvmKiY
c«¬wZ eÅvsKàwji ˆLjvwc FY Av`vGqi gvaÅGg ‰es Lvivc FY cÉ`vGb mZKÆ KGi
ZvG`iGK wbwøZ wejywµ¦i Kej ˆ^GK iÞv KiGZ ÷i‚ KGiGQ|
[Šmq`
AvnGg` Lvb, ‰. mvgv` miKvi]