D`ivgq ˆivM (Diarrhoeal Diseases)  AZÅwaK cwigvY I NbNb Rjxq gjRvZxq c`v^Æ wbtmiGYi KviGY D«¿„Z ˆivM| D`ivgq cÉavbZ Lv`Å I cvwbi mGã ÞwZKi RxevYy MÉnGYi dGjB NGU, hw`I ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆÞGò welvî×, AcvPÅ ev kixGii cGÞ AMÉnYxq Lv`Å ˆLGjI D`ivgq nGZ cvGi| AwaKvsk D`ivgq ˆivM fvBivm, eÅvKGUwiqv ev ciRxexNwUZ|

fvBivmNwUZ D`ivgq  fvBivmNwUZ D`ivgq mvaviYZ ZxeË aiGbi bq| D`ivgq mÁ·†î× `ywU mycwiwPZ fvBivm nGjv ‘biIqv fvBivm’ I ‘ˆivUv fvBivm’| fvBivmNwUZ D`ivgGq cÉvqkB Zij `vÕ¦, egGbœQv, ewg, nvjKv R¾i, gv^v eÅ^v, ˆcUeÅ^v I mvaviY AmyÕ©Zv ˆevGai jÞY ˆ`Lv hvq| evsjvG`k Av¯¦RÆvwZK Wvqwiqv MGelYv ˆKG±`Ê (AvBwmwWwWAvi,we /ICDDR,B) ˆivUv fvBivm D`ivgq wbGq MGelYv PjGQ, DGókÅ gyGL LvIqvi DcGhvMx ‰KwU wUKv D«¿veb, hv ZijxK‡Z fvBivm ˆcvwjI wUKvi gGZvB ˆduvUvi gvaÅGg gyGL ˆ`Iqv hvGe| evsjvG`Gk biIqv fvBivm kbvwî×i ˆKvb eÅeÕ©v ˆbB|

eÅvKGUwiqvNwUZ D`ivgq  eüeÅvµ¦ I cÉvqk AZů¦ gvivñK aiGbi cÉvYNvZx D`ivgq| `y’aiGbi eÅvKGUwiqvNwUZ D`ivgq ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| ‰KwU, Vibrio cholerae NwUZ KGjivi Avw`i…c ‰es AvGiKwU nGjv gjvkqevmx Awawel Drcv`K Eschericia coli cÉRvwZi KGqKwU RvZ ‰es Avw¯¨K eÅvKGUwiqv Shigella NwUZ eÅvwmjvwi Avgvkq ev iî×vgvkq| Awawel Drcv`K E. coli-GK Avw¯¨K welwò×qvKviK E. coli ev ETEC ‰es ‰B D`ivgqGK ETEC D`ivgq ejv nq| AwaK¯§ Shigella-i NwbÓ¤ Salmonella typhi bvgK ‰KwU eÅvKGUwiqvNwUZ Avw¯¨K cÉ`vGn D`ivgq ˆ`Lv ˆ`q bv, hw`I ‰B RxevYyI A¯¨cG^B kixGi ˆXvGK I ˆkGl iî×cÉevGn wgGk UvBdGqW R¾i NUvq|

meGPGq cwiwPZ D`ivgq ˆivM KGjiv| ‰ ˆivGMi RxevYy Vibrio cholerae ‰KwU Kgv-m`†k, PjbÞg, MÉvg-wbGMwUf eÅvKGUwiqv| `ƒwlZ Lv`Å ev cvbxGqi mGã ‰B RxevYy MjvatKiY KiGj RxevYy Þz`ËvG¯¨ evmv euvGa I evGo| ‰B cÉwò×qvi gGaÅ KGjiv UwÝb (CT) bvGgi ‰KwU Awawel (toxin) ŠZwi nGZ ^vGK ‰es Zv A¯¨xq ˆKvlKjvq cwiGkvwlZ nq| ‰B Awawel Þz`ËvG¯¨i mKj Ask ˆ^GK cvwb I ˆKÑvivBW AvqGbi AZÅwaK wbtmiY NwUGq AG¯¨i bvjxcG^ cvVvq ‰es AbÅw`GK ‰KB mGã bvjxcG^i Zij ˆ^GK ˆmvwWqvg AvqGbi ˆkvlY e®¬ ivGL| dGj cÉPzi cwigvY cvZjv `vÕ¦ nq ‰es gGji mGã kixGii cvwb I cÉPzi BGjKGUÇvjvBU Þq nGZ ^vGK| KGjiv AwaweGli ‰B cvwbweGqvM cÉwZwò×qv ‰Z cÉej ˆh AmyGLi mgq ˆivMx w`Gb cÉvq 30 wjUvGii gGZv A^Ævr kixGii IRGbi w«¼àY cwigvY cvwb nvivGZ cvGi| AZtci kixGi gvivñK cvwbkƒbÅZv ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰es ‰BmGã iGî× AÁÏvwaKÅ NGU| Avi ‰àwj `Ë‚Z msGkvwaZ bv nGj ˆivMxi g†ZzÅ NGU| gyGL cvwbռ͸Zvi wPwKrmv (Oral Rehydration Therapy/ORT) cÉGqvGM ˆivMxi kixGii cvwb NvUwZ wgUvGbv hvq| ‰B `ËeGY jeY I ™ÏyGKvR ^vGK hv ˆ`Gni wkivcG^ BbGRKkGbi gvaÅGg cÉGqvGMi e`Gj B`vwbs gyGL LvBGq KGjivNwUZ g†ZzÅ eüjvsGk KgvGbv ˆMGQ| E. coli NwUZ D`ivgGq cvZjv `vÕ¦ nq ‰es ‰wU wk÷G`i ˆÞGò ˆewk ˆ`Lv hvq| KGjiv I ETEC D`ivgq AbvMÉvmx (non-invasive), ˆKbbv ‰GÞGò RxevYy iî×cÉevGn wgwkÉZ nq bv ‰es ˆmRbÅ Avcbv AvcwbB ˆmGi hvq ‰es Dchyî× Zij cÉwZÕ©vcGb ˆivM mvivGbv hvq| evsjvG`Gk cÉwZ eQi ‰KGò KGjiv I ETEC D`ivgq msò×gY NUbv cÉvq 7.5 jÞ|

Shigella ˆ^GK iî× Avgvkq ev eÅvwmjvwi Avgvkq nGq ^vGK ‰es ZvGZ eÅvKGUwiqv «¼viv e†n`G¯¨i wgDKvm AveiYx Avò×v¯¦ nIqvq cÉ`vn, ˆKvlKjvi ÞwZ I iî×cvZ NGU| Shigella Avò×gGY RxevYyi gvòv LyeB Kg ^vGK, ‰RbÅ 100wU RxevYyB hG^Ó¡| ‰B ˆivGMi ÷i‚GZ cvZjv cvqLvbvmn nvjKv D`ivgq ^vGK, cGi gGj iî×, ˆcGU eÅ^v I R¾i ˆ`Lv hvq, ZGe ‰B jÞYmgƒn eÅvwmjvwi AvgvkGqi D`ivgqNwUZ cvwb kƒbÅZvi Zzjbvq ‰LvGb cÉKUZi nq| evsjvG`Gk eÅvwmjvwi AvgvkGqi Avò×gGYi NUbv eQGi 2.5 jGÞi gGZv| Salmonella msò×gGYi ˆÞGò RxevYy ^vGK cÉvq 1 jÞ, hv `ƒwlZ LvG`Åi mGã D`iÕ© nGj Þz`Ëv¯¨ Avò×gY KGi ‰es iî×cÉevGn XzGK eske†w«¬ NUvq| ˆMvovi w`GK ˆKvÓ¤e«¬Zv ˆ`Lv w`GZ cvGi, wK¯§ ˆivMweÕ¦vGii mGã mGã iî×wgwkÉZ D`ivgq kixiGK `yeÆj KGi ˆdGj| ˆivGMi wÕ©wZKvj KGqK mµ¦vn| AÅvw´ŸevGqvwUK cÉGqvMB mGeÆvîg wPwKrmv|

ciRxexNwUZ D`ivgq  AG¯¨i ciRxexNwUZ D`ivgGqi gGaÅ AvGQ AÅvwgevNwUZ Avgvkq ev AÅvwgweGqvwmm hvi KviY ‰KGKvlx ciRxex Entamoeba histolytica ‰es wRqviwWqvwmm NUvq dÑvGRjvevnx ‰KGKvlx ciRxex Giardia lamblia| E. histolytica gvbyGli A®²bvjxi gvaÅGg AG¯¨ cÉGek KGi ‰es wgDKvm Aveibx Avò×gY KGi| ciRxexG`i Drc®² ˆcÉvwUbRviK DrGmPK Avò×gGY mnvqZv ˆhvMvq, ˆKvlKjv a»sm I Õ©vGb Õ©vGb ÞZ m†wÓ¡ nq| ˆivGMi jÞYàwji gGaÅ AvGQ ˆcGUi eÅ^v, Avgvkq ‰es w`Gb 30 ev ZGZvwaK evi wcwœQj wgDKvmwgwkÉZ gjZÅvM, egGbœQv I Nb Nb gjZÅvGMi ˆeM| G. lamblia AGcÞvK‡Z `yeÆj ˆivMRxevYy| ‰i Avò×gGY D`ivgq I cvZjv AaÆ-Zij cvqLvbv, ˆcUduvcv, AmyÕ©ZvGeva I IRbnvwbi jÞY cÉKvk cvq| AÅvwgweGqvwmm I wRqviwWqvwmm DfGqB evsjvG`Gk wk÷G`i LyeB mvaviY ˆivM| cGbi eQGii Kgeqmx wk÷G`i cÉvq wZb-PZz^ÆvsGki ˆÞGò ˆ`Gn E. histolytica-i Abvò×gZvi mvÞÅ ˆgGj hv ˆ^GK ˆevSv hvq ˆh ‰iv RxeGbi ˆKvb bv ˆKvb mgq ‰GZ Avò×v¯¦ nGqwQj| evsjvG`Gk wRqviwWqvwmm Avò×gY mÁ·wKÆZ ˆKvb Z^Å ˆbB| AekÅ AvBwmwWwWAvi,we cwiPvwjZ D`ivgq Avò×v¯¦ ˆivMxi Ici cwiPvwjZ cixÞv ˆ^GK 5% ˆÞGò ˆivMxi gGj G. lamblia aiv cGoGQ|  [wRqv Dwób AvnGg`]

AviI ˆ`Lyb  AvBwmwWwWAvi,we; Avgvkq; KGjiv; LvIqvi mÅvjvBb|