Ck¼iP±`Ê we`ÅvmvMi, cwíZ (1820-1891)  msÕ•‡Z cwíZ, wkÞvwe`, mgvRmsÕ•viK, ˆjLK I Rbwn‹Zlx| Dwbk kZGKi ˆkÉÓ¤ eyw«¬Rxex I mgvRKgÆxG`i AbÅZg eGj LÅvZ Ck¼iP±`Ê cwøgeGãi ˆgw`bxcyi ˆRjvi exiwmsn MÉvGgi `vwi`ËÅcxwoZ ‰K eËvþY cwievGi R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| MÉvgÅ cvVkvjvq cÉv^wgK wkÞvGkGl wcZv VvKzi`vm eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq A^ÆKÓ¡ mGî½I ZuvGK AaÅqGbi RbÅ KjKvZv cvVvb| ˆmLvGb wZwb 1829 ˆ^GK 1841 mvj chƯ¦ msÕ•‡Z KGjGR AaÅqb KGib| AmvaviY cÉwZfvi KviGY KGjGRi mgy`q cyiÕ•vi I e†wî Zuvi nÕ¦MZ nq| KveÅ, AjâvikvÕ¨, ˆe`v¯¦, ÕÆwZ, ˆRÅvwZl I hywî×we`Åvq Zuvi K‡wZGZ½i RbÅ 1839 mvGj KGjR KZƆcÞ ZuvGK mÁÃvbmƒPK ‘we`ÅvmvMi’ DcvwaGZ f„wlZ KGi|

Ck¼iP±`Ê 21 eQi eqGm KjKvZvi ˆdvUÆ DBwjqg KGjGR cÉavb cwíZ wnGmGe KgÆRxeb ÷i‚ KGib| 1850 mvGj wZwb msÕ•‡Z KGjGR AaÅvcK wnGmGe ˆhvM`vb KGib ‰es cGii eQi AaÅÞ cG` D®²xZ nb| KGjGR AaÅGÞi `vwqZ½ cvjb Kivi mgq 1855 mvGj miKvi ZuvGK üMwj, eaÆgvb, ˆgw`bxcyi I b`xqv ˆRjvi weGkl Õ•zj cwi`kÆGKi (Special Inspector of Schools) AwZwiî× `vwqZ½ AcÆY KGi| wZwb ‰wkqvwUK ˆmvmvBwU (KjKvZv) I ˆe^yb ˆmvmvBwUmn AviI wKQy msMVGbi mÁÃvwbZ mfÅ wQGjb| 1858 mvGj huviv KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi cÉ^g ˆdGjv wbeÆvwPZ nb wZwb wQGjb ZuvG`i AbÅZg| 1877 mvGji Rvbyqvwi gvGm wZwb BGÁ·wiqvj AÅvGmgweÐR-‰ mÁÃvbbv-mb` jvf KGib ‰es 1880 mvGji RvbyqvwiGZ wm.AvB.B (CIE) nb| ‰QvovI wZwb wewf®² mvgvwRK, mvsÕ•‡wZK I ŠeævwbK cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆ^GK kÉ«¬v I Awfb±`b jvf KGib|

Ck¼iP±`É we`ÅvmvMi

ewâgP±`Ê I Zuvi mgmvgwqK ˆjLKG`i Zzjbvq Ck¼iP±`Ê wQGjb eÅwZò×gagÆx| Zuvi ˆjLv m†wÓ¡kxj wQj bv, wQj wkÞv I msÕ•vigƒjK ‰es DcGhvMev`x| gnvfviZ Dcò×gwYKv (Zî½Gevwabx cwòKvq avivevwnKfvGe cÉKvwkZ, 1843-44) ‰es ˆeZvjcçweskwZmn (1847) cÉ^gw`GKi iPbvmgƒn wQj Abyev`KgÆ| cÉK‡ZcGÞ Zuvi ˆgvU 32Lvwb iPbvi AwaKvskB cÉZÅÞ ev cGivÞfvGe msÕ•‡Z, wnw±` I BsGiwR MÉG¯©i Abyev` ‰es ‰àwj wQj Õ•zjQvòG`i cvVÅwelqK| Zuvi ‰Kgvò cvwíZÅcƒYÆ ˆgŒwjK iPbv nGjv msÕ•‡Z fvlv I msÕ•‡Z mvwnZÅ welqK cÉÕ¦ve (1853), hv mvaviGYi wbKU AævZ ˆ^GK hvq| ZGe cvVÅcyÕ¦K iPwqZv nGjI we`ÅvmvMi Zuvi mgmvgwqK cÉwZwÓ¤Z ˆjLKG`i KvGQ ‰KRb myi‚wPmÁ·®² ˆjLK I AbyGcÉiYv`vbKvix wkÞveËZx wnGmGe weGewPZ wQGjb| Zuvi nvGZB evsjv M`Å ‰K bZzb i…c jvf KGi| mgvGjvPKG`i gGZ we`ÅvmvMiB evsjv M`ÅmvwnGZÅ behyGMi m†wÓ¡ KGib|

evsjv M`ÅixwZi msÕ•viK we`ÅvmvMi ˆjLK wnGmGe ˆdvUÆ DBwjqg KGjGR cÉvPÅwe`G`i Abym†Z bZzb wK¯§ K‡wòg QG±`vixwZ, ivgGgvnb I Zuvi AbymvixG`i cwíwZ gGbvfvemyjf I msÕ•viweGivax aviv ‰es mgmvgwqK msev`cò I mvgwqKxàwji AgvwRÆZ fvlvKvVvGgv mævGb cwinvi KGib| wZwb Õ¼KxqfvGe ‰K bZzb ixwZi cÉeZÆb KGib hv AvazwbK evsjv MG`Åi wfwî Õ©vcb KGi| ‰LvGbB we`ÅvmvMGii Ae`vGbi Õ¼KxqZv| ˆhGnZz we`ÅvmvMGii M`ÅixwZ Zuvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKB cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ ‰es wek kZGKi cÉ^g KGqK eQi chƯ¦ Zuvi Mɯ©B mvaviYfvGe mKj miKvwi I Õ¼G`kxq we`ÅvjqmgƒGn Pvjy wQj, ˆmGnZz KGqK cÉRG¯Ãi ˆjLK, Avgjv I ˆckvRxweMY cÉZÅÞ I Õ©vwqfvGe Zuvi M`ÅixwZ «¼viv cÉfvweZ nGqGQb| evsjv fvlv I mvwnGZÅi AZxZ I eZÆgvb ˆKŒkGji PgrKvi msGkÏlYB wQj Zuvi ixwZi Õ¼Z¯¨ ŠewkÓ¡Å|

we`ÅvmvMi wQGjb ‰KRb msÕ•viK I wP¯¦vwe`| evãvjvi BwZnvm (2q Lí, 1848) bvgK MÉG¯© gvkÆgÅvb ZGî½i wecixGZ wZwb evsjvi mvgvwRK I mvsÕ•‡wZK weKvGki ˆÞGò mg¯¼qev`x I msGkÏlYev`x aviv wbLyuZfvGe cÉ`kÆb KGib| eÅwî×MZfvGe ˆMuvov wn±`y nIqv mGî½I wZwb wewf®² aGgÆi cwíZG`i gZvgZ D`vifvGe MÉnY KiGZb|

Ck¼iP±`Ê we`ÅvmvMGii msÕ•vigbv `†wÓ¡fwã Zuvi mgvR-agÆxq wP¯¦vGPZbvq `†pfvGe cÉKvk ˆcGqGQ| evjÅweevn, eüweevn, ‰es mvgvwRK D®²qb eÅvnZKvix AbÅvbÅ A÷f ZrciZv mÁ·GKÆ wZwb hywî× Dïvcb KGib| Zuvi AwaKvsk msÕ•vigƒjK wP¯¦vfvebv weaevweevn cÉPwjZ nIqv DwPZ wKbv ‰Zw«¼lqK cÉÕ¦ve `yB Lí (1855) ‰es eüweevn iwnZ nIqv DwPZ wKbv ‰Zw«¼lqK wePvi `yB Lí (1871) bvgK weLÅvZ `ywU MÉG¯© cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ| eüweevn, weaevweevn, evjÅweevn BZÅvw` ZLb agÆxqfvGe Lye Õ·kÆKvZi welq wQj| we`ÅvmvMi mgvGRi ‰B `yÓ¡ ÞZmgƒn mivmwi Avò×gGYi gvaÅGg mvaviY RbMGYi agÆxq Abyf„wZGZ AvNvZ w`GZ Pvb wb| ˆKŒkj wnGmGe wZwb Zuvi hywî×i Õ¼cGÞ wewf®² kvÕ¨ I cÉvPxb Mɯ© ˆ^GK AmsLÅ D`vniY cÉ`kÆGbi gvaÅGg RbmvaviGYi Ici Mfxi cÉfve m†wÓ¡ KGib| Zuvi kvÕ¨ePb I we`Ë…cvñK hywî× Dî× mvgvwRK cÉwZe®¬KZvi iÞKG`i eÅvcKfvGe cÉwZGiva KGiwQj, hw`I wZwb AGbK iÞYkxj KZ‡ÆK gvivñKfvGe wbw±`ZI nGqwQGjb| weaevweevn ŠeaKiGY 1856 mvGji AvBGbi KvhÆKvwiZvq ‰es w«¼-weevn I evjÅweevn iwnZKiY ‰es weaevweevGn Drmvn cÉ`vGb 1872 mvGji wmwfj gÅvGiR ‰Ù-‰ we`ÅvmvMGii cÉf„Z Ae`vb iGqGQ| Zuvi ˆjLv I KvhÆvewj Dî× welqvewji Õ¼cGÞ RbgZ MVGb eÅvcK mnvqZv KGi| ‰me KviGY we`ÅvmvMi evsjvi beRvMiGYi ‰K ˆkÉÓ¤ cyi‚l eGj weGewPZ nb|

weGkl we`Åvjq cwi`kÆK wnGmGe we`ÅvmvMi Zuvi ÞgZvi m«¼Åenvi KGib f„Õ¼vgx I AbÅvbÅ Õ¼œQj eÅwî×G`i wkÞvcÉwZÓ¤vb Õ©vcGb DrmvwnZ Kivi RbÅ| wZwb Zuvi cwi`kÆb ‰jvKvq evwjKv we`Åvjqmn AmsLÅ we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| wKQy we`Åvjq Zuvi Õ¼xq DG`ÅvM I Avw^ÆK mnvqZvq cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| wkÞvcÉwZÓ¤vb Õ©vcGbi ˆÞGò KjKvZv ˆgGUÇvcwjUb BbwÕ¡wUDkb Zuvi ‰K gnr KxwZÆ| wZwb ‰wU wbR A^ÆeÅGq 1864 mvGj cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰wU ‰KwU Av`kÆ KGjR ‰es ‰i mGã ‰KwU Õ•zjI AvGQ| we`ÅvmvMGii gvbeGcÉg wQj cÉev`ZzjÅ| Kw^Z nq ˆh, Zuvi ˆeZb ‰es iqvjwU eve` cÉvµ¦ AG^Æi AaÆvsk `ytL-cxwoZG`i mvnvGhÅi RbÅ msiwÞZ ^vKZ|

we`ÅvmvMi Zuvi eügyLx cÉwZfvi «¼viv mgvR-msÕ•vimn wkÞvGÞGò AZzjbxq Ae`vb ˆiGL ˆMGQb| wkÞvwe`, msÕ•viK, ˆjLK I gvbeZvev`x wnGmGe wZwb ‰Z eo gvGci ‰KRb eÅwî× wQGjb ˆh, 1891 mvGji 29 RyjvB Zuvi g†ZzÅGZ RvwZ-agÆ-eYÆ wbweÆGkGl mKj gvbyl ˆkvKvwff„Z nGq cGowQj| msev`cò I mvgwqKxmgƒGn ˆkvKmsev` ‰es Zuvi KGgÆi Ici cÉwZGe`b cÉKvk Kiv nGqwQj| iex±`Êbv^ VvKzi cÉgyL Kwe I ˆjLK we`ÅvmvMi ÕÃiGY KweZv I cÉe®¬ ˆjGLb| ‰fvGe meÆÕ¦Gii RbMGYi kÉ«¬v ARÆGbi dGj we`ÅvmvMi ˆm kZGKi ˆkÉÓ¤ eÅwî×Z½ wnGmGe cwiMwYZ nb| ˆmB gƒjÅvqb A`Åvewa we`Ågvb| 

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