C`yj Avhnv gymjgvbG`i cÉavb `ywU agÆxq DrmGei AbÅZg|‰wU C` Avj-Kzievb ev C` Avj-bvn&i bvGgI AwfwnZ nq|evsjvG`Gk‰wU Kzievbxi C`, evKiv C` bvGg cwiwPZ|

C` I Avhnv `ywUB Aviex kõ|C` ‰i A^Æ Drme ev Avb±`| Avhnvi A^Æ Kzievbx ev DrmMÆ Kiv| nhiZ Beivnxg (Avt) AvÍÏvn Zv’jvi AvG`k cvjGbi DGóGkÅ cÉvYwcÉq ˆRÅÓ¤ cyò nhiZ BmgvCj (Avt)-GK Zuvi (nhiZ BmgvCGji) cƒYÆ mÁÃwZGZ Kzievbx KiGZ D`ÅZ nb (37t 102, 107)| gØvi wbKUÕ© “gxbv” bvgK Õ©vGb 3800 (ˆmŒi) ermi cƒGeÆ ‰B gnvb Kzievbxi DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nq| Zuvi HKvw¯¦K wbÓ¤vq m¯§Ó¡ nGqAvÍÏvn nhiZ Beivnxg (Avt)-GK Zuvi cyGòi Õ©Gj‰KwU c÷ Kzievbx KiGZ AvG`k ˆ`b| AvÍÏvni cÉwZ AwePj AvbyMZÅI bwRiwenxb wbÓ¤vi ‰B gnvb NUbv Abyò×Gg AvRI gxbvq ‰esgymwjg RMGZi meÆò AvZÄZÅvGMi cÉZxK wnmvGe c÷ Kzievbxi ixwZ cÉPwjZ iGqGQ|

DrmMÆK‡Z c÷, hv’ ‰K AvÍÏvni DGóGkÅ hve&n Kiv nq, AvZÄxq-Õ¼Rb weGklZ `ytÕ© `wi`ËRGbi gGaÅhv’ weZiY KGi AvÍÏvni wbG`Æk ˆgvZvGeK Zuvi mvw®²aÅjvf Kivi ˆPÓ¡v Pvjvb nq, ˆmB mv^ÆK cÉGPÓ¡vi ˆh AvwZÄK Avb±` ZvB C`yj Avhnv bvGg AwfwnZ nq| ‰B w`Gb gxbvq nhiZ Beivnxg (Avt)-‰i Abycg Kzievbxi AbymiGY ˆKej nvRxG`i RbÅbq, eis gymwjg RMGZi meÆò mKj mÞg gymjgvbG`i RbʼnB Kzievbx Kiv IqvwRe (gZv¯¦Gi my®²vt gyAvØv`v)|

C`yj Avhnv 10B hy’j-wnäv, ˆh w`b cweò näeËZ cvjbKvGj nvRxiv gxbv cÉv¯¦Gi Kzievbx KGib ‰esZrcieZÆx `yB w`Gb, gZv¯¦Gi wZb w`bI (AvqÅvg-Avj-ZvkixGK) AbywÓ¤Z nq|

Kzievbxi c÷ wbaÆvwiZ eqGmi nGZ nGe I KZKàwjŠ`wnK ò‚wU (Kvbv, ˆLuvov, Kvb-KvUv, wks-fvãv, BZÅvw`) ˆ^GK gyî× nIqv evèbxq| CG`i bvgvGhi ci ˆ^GK Kzievbxi mgq AviÁ¿ nq| cieZÆx `yB w`b (gZv¯¦Gi wZb w`b) Õ©vqx^vGK ‰es ˆkl w`Gbi mƒhÆvGÕ¦i mGã mGã ˆklnq|

DU, Mi‚, gwnl AbwaK mvZ RGbi cGÞ ‰es ˆgl, QvMj, `yÁ¼v ÷ay ‰KRGbi cGÞKzievbx ˆ`Iqv RvGqh| evsjvG`GkcÉavbZ Mi‚, QvMj I gwnl Kzievbx ˆ`Iqv nq|KLbI KLbI Avg`vbxK‡Z ռ͸msLÅK DUI Kzievbx ˆ`Iqv nq|

ˆh eÅwî× Kzievbx KGib Zuvi wbGRB hven Kiv my®²vn&| Zuvi cGÞ AbÅ ˆKnI hve&n KiGZ cvGi| hve&n Kivi mgq mvaviYZ cov nqcweò KziAvGbi `ywU AvqvZ- mƒiv AvbAvg-‰i 80 bÁ¼i ‰es163 bÁ¼i AvqvZ| cÉ^gwUi A^Æ njt “Avwg Avgvi gyL Kwijvg whwb AvKvkgíj I c†w^ex m†wÓ¡ KwiqvGQb Zuvnvi cÉwZ ‰KwbÓ¤fvGe ‰esAvwg gykwiK bB|” w«¼ZxqwUi A^Æ njt “AekÅB Avgvi mvjvZ, Avgvi Kzievbx, Avgvi Rxeb, Avgvi giY, meB AvÍÏvni RbÅwhwb wbwLj weGk¼i cÉwZcvjK, Zuvnvi ˆKvb kixK bvB|” Zvici mvaviYZ ejv nq, “ˆn AvÍÏvn ‰ c÷ ZzwgB w`qvQ ‰es ˆZvgviB RbÅ Kzievbx KwiGZwQ, myZivs Zzwg Bnv Keyj Ki”, BZÅvw`| Zvici “weQwgÍÏvwn AvÍÏvü AvKei” eGj hve&n Kiv nq| cweò KziAvGb myÕ·Ó¡fvGe DGÍÏwLZ nGqGQ ˆh, “‰B Kzievbxi iî× AvÍÏvni KvGQ ˆcuŒQvq bv, Bnvi ˆMvk&ZI bv, eisZuvnvi KvGQ ˆcuŒQvq ˆKej ˆZvgvG`i ZvK&Iqv” (22t37)| RvwnwjqÅvi hyGM cÉwZgvi MvGqewji iî× gvLvb nGZv ‰es ˆMvk&Z cÉwZgvi cÉmv`i…Gc weZiY Kiv nGZv| ˆÞòweGkGl biewj ˆ`IqviI cÉ^v wQj| Kzievbx biewji exfrm cÉ^v wPiZGi wejyµ¦ KGi ‰esewj c÷i iî×-gvLvb I cÉwZgvi cÉmv`i…Gc weZiGYi cÉ^viI gƒGjvGœQ` Kij|‰KB mGã myÕ·Ó¡fvGe RvwbGq w`j ˆh, ZvK&Iqvi P„ov¯¦ A^Æ nGjv, cÉGqvRb nGj ‰KRb gy’wgb Zuvi mewKQy, ‰gb wK wbGRi RxebwUI, AvÍÏvni bvGg Kzievbx KiGZ meÆ`vq cÉÕ§Z|KviY “AvÍÏvn gy’wgGbi Rvb-gvj ò×q KwiqvGQb Rv®²vGZi e`Gj” (9t100)| ‰B RbÅB KziAvb kixGd wbG`Æk ˆ`Iqv nGqGQt “Ab¯¦i ˆZvgvi cÉwZcvjK cÉfzi RbÅ bvgvh co ‰esKzievbx Ki” (108t2)| nv`xm kixGd ‰i myÕ·Ó¡ weavb we`Ågvb|

Kzievbxi ci cÉvµ¦ ˆMvk&GZi wZb fvGMi ‰K fvM gvwjK, ‰K fvM AvZÄxq-Õ¼Rb I evwK ‰K fvM `wi`ËG`i gGaÅweZiY Kiv nq| ‰GZ `wi`ËG`i cÉwZ abxG`i `vwqZ½ cvjGbi ‰KwU myGhvM NGU ‰es‰KB mGã abx `wiG`Ëi gGaÅ mymÁ·KÆ MGo IGV| KzievbxK‡Z c÷i Pvgov wbGR eÅenvi Kivi ev AbÅGK `vb Kivi AbygwZ iGqGQ| wK¯§ Pvgov, ˆMvk&Z, nvwì, PweÆ A^Ævr wbR Kzievbxi ˆKvb wKQy weò×x KGi weò×qjº¬ A^Æ ˆfvM Kivi RvBh bq (wn`vqv, AvjgMxix, kvgx)| Kzievbxi c÷i Pvgov ev Zvi A^Æ `wi`ËG`i wKsev gv`Ëvmv ev ‰ZxgLvbvi `wi`Ë QvòG`i `vb Kiv nq|

c†w^exi AbÅvbÅ ˆ`Gki gymjgvbG`i bÅvqevsjvG`Gki gymjgvGbivI h^vh^ agÆxq fveMÁ¿xi cwiGeGk wecyj Drmvn-Dóxcbvq C`yj Avhnv cvjb KGi ^vGKb| ‰ mgqgymjgvbiv bZzb ˆcvkvK cGi cvov-cÉwZGekx I AvZÄxq-Õ¼RbG`i evwo hvq‰esKzkj wewbgq KGi| cÉGZÅK evwoGZB D®²ZgvGbi Lvevi cÉÕ§Z nq| AbÅ agÆvejÁ¼xivI ˆKv^vI ˆKv^vI wbgw¯¨Z nGq ‰ DrmGe ˆhvM`vb KGi|‰ DcjGÞ KGqKw`Gbi miKvwi QywU ˆNvlYv Kiv nq|cÉevmxG`i AwaKvskB wbR wbR MÉvGgi evwo wMGq AvZÄxq-Õ¼RbG`i mGã wgwjZ nGq C` D`hvcb KGi| wewf®² gmwR`-gq`vGb CG`i RvgvqvZ AbywÓ¤Z nq| ‰ mgq KGqKw`b hver ˆiwWI-ˆUwjwfkGb weGkl AbyÓ¤vbgvjv cÉPvi Kiv nq‰es cò-cwòKvmgƒGn C`yj Avhnvi ZvrchÆ ZzGj aGi gƒjÅevb wbe®¬vw` cÉKvwkZ nq|

nhiZ Beivnxg LjxjyÍÏvn (Avt) I nhiZ BmgvCj hweüÍÏvn (Avt)-‰i AZzjbxqAvZÄZÅvM I AvÍÏvni wbG`ÆGki cÉwZ AwePj AvbyMGZÅi NUbvwU wek¼mvwnGZÅi Dci wekvj cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGi| ÷aygvò gaÅcÉvPÅ, ˆÕ·b, ZziGÕ•i bÅvq gymwjg AayÅwlZ AçGji mvwnZÅB bq, BDGivGci Agymwjg mvwnGZÅI ‰i myÕ·Ó¡ cÉfve cwijwÞZ nq| my`ƒi MÉxGmI gnvKwe ˆnvgviGK (Homer) ‰B AmvaviY AvZÄZÅvGMi NUbv cÉfvevw¯¼Z KGi|wek¼weLÅvZ gnvKveÅ BwjqvW (Illiad)-‰ ewYÆZ AvDwjGm Aei‚«¬ AvMvGggbb (Agamemnon) ˆ`ex WvqvbvGK (Diana) m¯§Ó¡ Kivi DGóGkÅ wbR KbÅv BwdGRwbqv (Iphigenia)-GK ewj`vGbi wm«¬v¯¦, ˆklgynƒGZÆ Wvqvbv KZ‡ÆK BwdGRwbqvi cwieGZÆ ‰KwU ˆgl Õ©vcb I ˆmB ˆgGli hven, Wvqvbvi m¯§wÓ¡ jvf, BZÅvw` myÕ·Ó¡fvGe cÉgvY KGi ˆh, gnvKwe ˆnvgvi gxbv cÉv¯¦Gi msNwUZ, Kzievbxi DcÅvLÅvb «¼viv cÉfvevw¯¼Z nGqwQGjb| evsjv mvwnGZÅI C`yj Avhnvi wecyj cÉfve cwijwÞZ nq, hvi Dä¾jZg `†Ó¡v¯¦ RvZxqKwe KvRx bRi‚j BmjvGgi Agi iPbv ˆKvievbx| 

[kwe»i Avng` I Šmq` Avkivd Avjx]