Bmjvwg eÅvswKs Avj-KziAvb-‰i wewaweavb AbymiY KGi cwiPvwjZ ‰KwU bZzb aiGbi eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©v hvGZ my` ‰es myG`i wewbgGq avi I FGYi ˆjbG`b wbwl«¬| Bmjvwg eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©v cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆNvwlZ jÞÅ nGœQ my` wbgƒÆjKiY ‰es A^Æ‹bwZK ˆhŒwî×KZv, bÅvqwePvi, `ÞZv, wÕ©wZkxjZv I cÉe†w«¬i gƒjÅGeva cÉwZÓ¤v| Bmjvwg eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©vq DG`Åvî×v ‰es cyuwRgvwjGKi gGaÅ wk͸ A^ev evwYwRÅK SzuwK mgvbfvGe e¥Ÿb ‰es wewbGqvM ˆ^GK AwRÆZ gybvdv ˆ^GK cÉvµ¦ A^Æ wewbGqvMKvixG`i gGaÅ AvbycvwZK gƒjaGbi wfwîGZ fvM Kivi K^v ejv nGqGQ| cÉPwjZ eÅvsKmgƒn mvaviYZ ˆmiv FYcwiGkvaÞg MÉvnKG`i ˆmev KiGZ Pvq| cÞv¯¦Gi, Bmjvwg eÅvswKs meGPGq Drcv`bkxj I jvfRbK cÉKG͸i m®¬vb KGi| eÅvswKs ˆmev cÉ`vGbi ˆÞGò Bmjvwg eÅvswKs Zvwî½KfvGe eÅwî×G`i wewf®² Õ¦i I mvgvwRK AeÕ©vGbi ˆÞGò weivRgvb ŠelGgÅi weGivwaZv KGi ‰es wewf®² ˆkÉYxi gGaÅ mvgvwRK mvgÅ cÉwZÓ¤vi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGi|

nhiZ gynvÁÃv` (m)-‰i gy`vivev PPÆvi mƒò aGiB Bmjvwg eÅvswKs eÅeÕ©vi Drcwî| bex wQGjb Zuvi Õ¨xi RbÅ gy`vwie cÉwZwbwa| Õ¨x ZuvGK wbGRi gƒjab ‰es eÅemvGqi cYÅvw` weò×Gq wbGqvM KGi wbwøZ wQGjb ‰es bexI ˆkqvi Abyhvqx jfÅvsk cÉ`vGb AãxKvie«¬ wQGjb| ‰Uv wQj bexi cwikÉGgi ‰es DG`ÅvM MÉnGYi Õ¼xK‡wZ| bex (gy`vwie) Zuvi ˆkqvGii jfÅvsk MÉnY KGiwQGjb| `yMÆg evwYRÅcG^ PjvPj A^ev eÅemvq cwiPvjbvMZ SuywKi KviGY ˆjvKmvb nGj gy`vwieGK `vqx Kiv ˆhZ bv| ‰B aiGbi Askx`vwiZ½GKB gy`vivev eGj| gykvivKv aiGbi Askx`vwi c«¬wZGZ gƒjaGb gykvwiK ev cÉwZwbwai Ae`vb ^vGK ‰es wZwb DœPnvGi jfÅvsk `vwe KiGZ cvGib| mµ¦g kZvõxi ÷i‚i w`GK BivK ˆ^GK gi‚f„wgi gaÅ w`Gq gy`vivev c«¬wZGZ gw`bvq Ki-ivRÕ¼ ˆcÉiY Kiv nGqwQj| Lwjdv Igi gw`bv ‰es BivGKi gGaÅ eÅemv-evwYGRÅi KvGR Abv^G`i A^Æ wewbGqvM KGiwQGjb| MBGZBb wjGLGQb ˆh, ‰Kv`k kZvõxGZ wgmi ‰es ˆRóvi gGaÅ Dîi-`wÞY evwYGRÅ gykvivKvi PPÆv wQj| nvBg Mvievi mµ¦`k kZvõxGZ ZzwKÆ knGi emivi evwYRÅPPÆvq 32wU gy`vivev Pzwî×i ˆiKWÆ wjwce«¬ KGib| gy`vivev PPÆv Kiv nGZv wZDwbwmqv, BG±`vGbwkqv, Avie Dc«¼xc ‰es fviGZ|

AvaywbK Bmjvwg eÅvswKs aviYvmgmƒn ‘wZb Õ¦iwewkÓ¡ gy`vivev’ welqK aviYvi HwZnvwmK cÉPjb ˆ^GK D«¿„Z| cÉ^g Õ¦Gi ^vGKb cuywR wewbGqvGM AvMÉnx ‰KRb eÅwî×, w«¼Zxq Õ¦Gi iGqGQb gy`vwie (gvaÅg), hvGK Pzwî×i gvaÅGg ie-Avj-gvj wbGRi cyuwR AcÆY KGib, meGkGl Z‡Zxq Õ¦Gi iGqGQb DG`Åvî×v hvi mvG^ gy`vwie Pzwî× Õ¼vÞi KGib ‰es ie-Avj-gvj KZ‡ÆK cÉ^Gg Zvi Ici AwcÆZ cyuwRwU DG`Åvî×vGK nÕ¦v¯¦i KGib|

1950-‰i ˆkl w`GK cÍÏx ‰jvKvq ‰KwU Õ©vbxq Bmjvwg eÅvsK cÉwZÓ¤vi gvaÅGg cvwKÕ¦vGb cÉ^g ‰KwU BmjvwgK A^Æ‹bwZK cÉwZÓ¤vb MGo ˆZvjvi cÉGPÓ¡v ÷i‚ nq| FYMÉnYKvixiv AvMvg cÉ`î FGYi Ici eÅvsKGK ˆKvb my` cÉ`vb KGi wb, ZGe eÅvsK wbGRi cwiPvjb-eÅq D÷j Kivi RbÅ ‰KwU Þz`Ë AGâi gƒjÅ avhÆ KGi| AwfæZvwU wQj DrmvneÅéK, Z^vwc cÉavbZ `ywU KviGY DG`ÅvMwU eÅ^Æ nq| cÉ^gZ, eÅvsKGK Zvi KvGQ iwÞZ AvgvbZ aGi ivLGZ nGZv `xNÆmgq| RvgvbZ`vZvG`i AwaKvskB wQj f„Õ¼vgx, ZvivI hLb-ZLb UvKv DGîvjb KiZ| ‰QvovI ˆ`Lv ˆMj ˆh, FGYi RbÅ AvGe`bKvixi msLÅv e†w«¬i dGj AvGe`bK‡Z FGYi cwigvY ‰es FYGhvMÅ ZnweGji gGaÅ NvUwZ ò×GgB ˆeGo hvGœQ| w«¼ZxqZ, RgvKvixiv ZvG`i A^Æ ˆh c«¬wZGZ FY wnGmGe cÉ`vb Kivq AvMÉnx, eÅvsK cwiPvjbvq Õ¡vdG`i cƒYÆ Õ¼vqîkvmb bv ^vKvq Zviv Zv AbymiGY mÞg wQj bv|

wgkGii bxj bG`i e-«¼xGc ‰KwU cÍÏx ‰jvKvq 1963 ˆ^GK 1967 mvGji gGaÅ wgZ Mgvi ˆmwfsm eÅvsK cÉwZÓ¤vi gvaÅGg Bmjvwg eÅvswKs-‰i w«¼Zxq wbixÞv cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| RvgvbZ`vZv A^ev FYMÉnxZv KvDGK ˆKvb my` cÉ`vb bv Kivi Bmjvwg bxwZi wfwîGZ eÅvsKwU PvwjZ nq| cvwKÕ¦vwb AwfæZvi eÅwZò×g wnGmGe ‰LvGb FYMÉnxZviv eÅvsK ˆ^GK FYmyweav cvIqvi RbÅ A^Æ Rgv w`Z| ‰B cixÞvi mvdGjÅi wfwîGZ Õ©vbxq ‰es mçqx eÅvsKmgƒGni ˆbUIqvKÆ MGo ˆZvjvi DGóGkÅ kxNËB AviI kvLv ˆLvjv nq| ivR‹bwZK cwiwÕ©wZ cwieZÆGbi KviGY cÉK͸wU eÅ^ÆZvi mÁÃyLxb nq, ZGe 1971 mvGj KvqGivGZ küGi cwiGeGk cÉ^g Bmjvwg eÅvsK wnGmGe bvGmi ˆmvkÅvj eÅvsK bvGg cybi‚äxweZ nq|

wgkGii D`vniY AbymiY KGi gvjGqwkqvq 1963 mvGj ‰es `yevBGZ 1975 mvGj Bmjvwg eÅvswKs-‰i AvwefÆve NGU| gy`Ëv, wewbgq ‰es evwYwRÅK KvhÆweeiYxi RbÅ cÉwm«¬ ‰es 5 wewjqb WjvGiiI AwaK mÁ·G`i gvwjK ˆmŒw` AviGei cçvk eQGiiI ‰KwU cyivGbv cÉwZÓ¤vb Avj-ivwR ˆKvÁ·vwbGK Bmjvwg eÅvsK wnGmGe jvBGm´Ö cÉ`vb Bmjvwg eÅvswKs-‰i DGÍÏLGhvMÅ NUbv| cÉwZÓ¤vbwU 1985 mvGj Avj-ivwR eÅvswKs BbGfwÕ¡s KiGcvGikb bvGg KvR ÷i‚ KGi ‰es ˆmB ˆ^GK BDGivc I gvwKÆb hyî×ivGÓ¡Ëi eümsLÅK eo eÅemv-cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mvG^ mwò×q mÁ·KÆ MGo ˆZvGj| weGk¼i wewf®² AçGj jvfRbKfvGe cwiPvwjZ Avj-ivwR ˆKvÁ·vwbi mvdjÅ ˆmŒw` miKviGK cƒYÆgvòvq Bmjvwg eÅvswKs Pvjy Kivi eÅvcvGi hG^Ó¡ AbycÉvwYZ KGi| 1975 mvGj ‰KwU Bmjvwg Av`GkÆi KvVvGgvi gGaÅ gymwjg RvwZmgƒGni mvgvwRK I A^Æ‹bwZK D®²qGb gymwjg ˆ`kmgƒn ‰KwU eüRvwZK D®²qb KiGcvGikb wnGmGe Bmjvwg D®²qb eÅvsK cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| evsjvG`k Bmjvwg D®²qb eÅvsGKi ‰K m`mÅ|     

Bmjvgx eÅvsK evsjvG`k wjwgGUW (AvBwewe‰j) cÉwZÓ¤vi gvaÅGg evsjvG`Gk Bmjvwg eÅvswKs-‰i hvòv ÷i‚ nq| ‰wU `wÞY-cƒeÆ ‰wkqvi cÉ^g my`gyî× eÅvsK wnGmGe cwiwPZ| ˆKvÁ·vwb AvBb 1913-‰i AaxGb mxwgZ `vq wbGq ‰KwU cvewjK ˆKvÁ·vwb wnGmGe ‰wU 1983 mvGji 13 gvPÆ wbew®¬Z nq| 2001 mvGji wWGmÁ¼i gvGm ‰i 121wU kvLv wQj| ‰i AbyGgvw`Z gƒjaGbi cwigvY wQj 1000 wgwjqb UvKv ‰es cwiGkvwaZ gƒjab wQj 640 wgwjqb UvKv| evsjvG`Gk w«¼Zxq Bmjvwg eÅvsK wnGmGe cwiwPZ Avj evivKv eÅvsK 1997 mvGji 20 ˆg ‰KwU Zdwkwj eÅvsK wnGmGe eÅvswKs KvhÆò×g AviÁ¿ KGi| ‰wU ˆmŒw` AviGei LÅvwZmÁ·®² Avw^ÆK I evwYwRÅK cÉwZÓ¤vb Avj-evivKv BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ AÅv´£ ˆWGfjcGg´Ÿ ˆKvÁ·vwb, Bmjvwg D®²qb eÅvsK, evsjvG`Gki KGqKRb cÉwZwÓ¤Z wk͸cwZ ‰es evsjvG`k miKvGii mgGeZ DG`ÅvGMi ‰KwU cÉwZÓ¤vb| eÅvsKwUi AbyGgvw`Z gƒjab 600 wgwjqb UvKv ‰es cwiGkvwaZ gƒjab 259.55 wgwjqb UvKv| eZÆgvGb ˆ`Gki wewf®² AçGj ‰B eÅvsGKi 35wU kvLv iGqGQ| MÉvnKG`i cÉPwjZ evwYwRÅK eÅvswKs ˆmev QvovI eÅvsKwU wk͸ I f„mÁ·wî-msò×v¯¦ cÉK͸mgƒGni RbÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Avw^ÆK mnvqZv cÉ`vb KGi ^vGK| 1996 mvGj Bmjvwg eÅvswKs bxwZgvjvi wfwîGZ KvR Kivi jGÞÅ AviI `ywU Bmjvwg eÅvsKGK AbygwZ cÉ`vb Kiv nq| ‰àwj nGœQ Avj Avivdvn Bmjvgx eÅvsK wjwgGUW ‰es ˆmvkÅvj BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ eÅvsK wjwgGUW| ˆ`Gki cçg Bmjvwg eÅvsK nGœQ kvwgj eÅvsK Ae evnivBb bvGg ‰KwU weG`kx eÅvsK hv dqmj Bmjvgx eÅvsK Ae evnivBb ‰es ‰KwU Bmjvwg A^ÆmsÕ©vb ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰Kxf„ZKiGYi dGj MwVZ nGqGQ| 

[gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg]