Bmjvg Lvb wPkwZ (1608-1613)  cuvP eQGiiI ˆewk mgGqi RbÅ evsjvi gyMj myevn`vi wQGjb| Zuvi bvg wQj ˆkL AvjvDóxb wPkwZ| mgËvU Rvnvãxi ZuvGK Bmjvg Lvb DcvwaGZ f„wlZ KGiwQGjb| ˆkL e`i‚óxb wPkwZi cyò I dGZncyi wmwò×i ˆkL ˆmwjg wPkwZi ˆcŒò Bmjvg Lvb wQGjb kvnRv`v ˆmwjGgi ˆLjvi mv^x (ˆmwjg wPkwZi LvbKvq kvnRv`vi AeÕ©vbKvGj)|

Zuvi weLÅvZ cƒeÆmƒwiMY ˆhLvGb eÅ^Æ nGqwQGjb ˆmLvGb PëMÉvg Qvov mgMÉ evsjv Rq KGi gyMjG`i wbq¯¨GY Avbvi mvdjÅ jvf Kivq evsjvi myevn`vi wnGmGe Bmjvg Lvb cÉPzi LÅvwZ ARÆb KGiwQGjb| 1576 ˆ^GK 1605 wLËÓ¡vGõi gaÅeZÆx mgGq AvKei cÉvq WRbLvGbK `Þ mvgwiK KgÆKZÆvGK evsjv Rq Kivi RbÅ cvVvGjI ivRavbx bMix Zv´£v ‰i AvGk cvGki wKQy Ask gvò `Lj KiGZ mdj nGqwQGjb| eü ivRv, f„uBqv, Rwg`vi I AvdMvb ˆbZv ZLb evsjvGK wbGRG`i gGaÅ fvM KGi wbGqwQGjb| KLbI KLbI ZvG`i gGaÅ ˆKD ˆKD Avò×gYKvix gyMj ˆmbvevwnbxi ekÅZv Õ¼xKvi KGi wbGjI Avò×gYKvixiv ivRavbxGZ wdGi ˆMGjB wewRZ ˆbZviv AvGMi gGZvB Õ¼vaxbfvGe KvR KiGZb| KvGRB wcZvi BœQvcƒiGYi `vwqZ½Uv RvnvãxGii Ici eZÆvq| RvnvãxGii cÉ^g KGqKRb myevn`vi ˆZgb mvdjÅ ARÆb KiGZ cvGib wb| dGj wZwb Zi‚Y I D`Ågx Bmjvg LvbGK evsjv RGqi RbÅ wbeÆvwPZ KGi myevn`vi wnGmGe 1608 mvGj ZvGK ˆmLvGb ˆcÉiY KGib|

AvUwòk eQi eqÕ• Bmjvg LvGbi ˆh ˆKvb mvgwiK cÉwkÞY wQj bv ˆmUv Õ·Ó¡Z cÉZxqgvb, hw`I Abygvb Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi ˆh, AwfRvZ cwievGi R¯Ã MÉnY Kivi dGj wZwb ZLbKvi w`Gb gymjgvbG`i jfÅ AvbyÓ¤vwbK wkÞv jvf KGiwQGjb| evsjvq Avmvi AvGM wZwb wenvGii myevn`vi wQGjb| wbGqvM jvf KGi wZwb AbwZwejGÁ¼ evsjvi Z`vbx¯¦b ivRavbx ivRgnj ‰ PGj AvGmb| wZwb AZů¦ mZKÆZvi mGã evsjvi f„-ivRbxwZ cixÞv KGi ˆ`GLb ‰es mgËvGUi cÉexY ˆhv«¬vG`i mnGhvwMZvq Zuvi fwelÅr KgÆc¯©v ŠZwi KGib| weG`Ëvnx evsjv cÉG`Gk gyMj KZ‡ÆZ½ cÉwZÓ¤vi RbÅ wZwb mymwäZ, mycÉwkwÞZ, AbyMZ ‰es wek¼vmx I KZÆeÅcivqY mvgwiK kwî×i cÉGqvRbxqZv Dcjwº¬ KGiwQGjb| evGiv fzuBqvG`i fvwU ‰jvKv ‰es LvRv Dmgvb I Zvi fvBG`i ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb AvdMvbG`i Zuvi KvGQ gyMjG`i evsjv weRGq meGPGq eo evav eGj gGb nGqwQj| AvdMvbiv eyKvBbMi `Lj KGi wbGqwQj| dGj Bmjvg Lvb meÆcÉ^g fvwU I evGiv f„uBqvG`i wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb cwiPvjbvi cwiK͸bv KGib| ˆQvU-eo b`x I LvGj cwicƒYÆ fvwUi wbÁ²vçGj hyG«¬ KvhÆKi djjvGfi RbÅ kwî×kvjx ˆbŒ-evwnbxi cÉGqvRbxqZv wZwb eySGZ ˆcGiwQGjb| myZivs wZwb ˆbŒ-evwnbxGK msMwVZ I kwî×kvjx Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ I cwiK͸bv MÉnY KGib| wZwb ‰UvI Dcjwº¬ KGiwQGjb ˆh, Z`vbx¯¦b ivRavbx bMix ivRgnj cÉG`Gki cwøg ˆKvYvq AewÕ©Z nIqvq Zv wQj ˆMvjGhvMcƒYÆ cƒeÆ evsjv ‰jvKv ˆ^GK eü `ƒGi| myZivs wZwb ivRgnj ˆ^GK fvwU ‰jvKvi ˆKG±`Ê AewÕ©Z ‰es evGiv f„uBqvG`i m`i `dZGii mGã b`x «¼viv Dîg ˆhvMvGhvM mÁ·®² Õ©vb XvKvq ivRavbx Õ©vbv¯¦i KGib|

ŠmbÅevwnbx I ˆbŒ-evwnbx cybMÆVGbi ˆÞGò Bmjvg Lvb mgËvGUi KvQ ˆ^GK mnvqZv jvf KGiwQGjb| mgËvU BwZgvg LvbGK gxi-B-eni (ˆbŒ-GmbvcwZ) ‰es gyZvwK` LvbGK `xDqvb wbhyî× KGib| ‰ `yRbB wQGjb Awfæ ‰es wbRÕ¼ wefvGM cÉwkÞYcÉvµ¦ KgÆKZÆv ‰es Bmjvg Lvb ZuvG`i AKz¥¤ mnGhvwMZv jvf KGiwQGjb| wZwb ivRgnj ZÅvM KGi fvwUi DGóGkÅ ˆNvovNvU AwfgyGL AMÉmi nb| Zuvi jÞÅÕ©j fvwU nGjI ‰es evGiv fzuBqvG`i `gb Kivi cÉKvGkÅ ˆNvwlZ DGókÅ wbGq hvòv ÷i‚ KiGjI wZwb Zuvi evwnbxi cøvr fvGMi wbivcîv wbwøZ KiGZ fzGj hvb wb| wZwb Zuvi eÅwî×MZ KgÆKZÆv ˆkL KvgvjGK `wÞY cwøGgi wZbwU ivRÅ weúzcyi, cGPZ ‰es wnRwj Avò×gY KiGZ cvVvb ‰es ‰àwj ekÅZv Õ¼xKvi KiGZ evaÅ nq| Bmjvg Lvb ˆNvovNvU hvIqvi cG^ Zuvi mGã hGkvGii abx I kî×kvjx Rwg`vi cÉZvcvw`ZÅ mvÞvr KGi AvñmgcÆY KGib| f„lYvi ivRv mòwRrI myevn`vGii KvGQ AvZÄmgcÆY KGi mgËvGUi AaxGb PvKwi MÉnY KGib| Dîi cwøg evsjvi AevaÅ Rwg`viG`i wei‚G«¬I Bmjvg Lvb ŠmbÅevwnbx cvwVGqwQGjb| Zuvi PvicvGki Rwg`vi I mvg¯¦ cÉfziv AZů¦ AvZwâZ nGq cGowQGjb ‰es Zuvi wei‚G«¬ lohG¯¨i ˆKvb myGhvMB wQj bv| ‰fvGe wZwb ÷ay Zuvi evwnbxi cøv`fvMGK wbivc`B ivGLb wb, ivRavbxi mGã Zvi ˆhvMvGhvMI wQj wec`gyî×|

1608 wLËÓ¡vGõi wWGmÁ¼i gvGm Bmjvg Lvb ivRgnj ˆ^GK hvòv ÷i‚ KGi 1609 wLËÓ¡vGõi Ryb gvGm ˆNvovNvU ˆcuŒGQb| elÆvKvjUv ˆmLvGb KvwUGq wZwb AGÙvei gvGm fvwUi w`GK AMÉmi nb| 1610 wLËÓ¡vGõi Ryb-RyjvB gvGmi w`GK XvKv ˆcuŒQvi AvGM wZwb ˆm eQGii cÉ^g KGqK gvm evGiv f„uBqvG`i wei‚G«¬ hy«¬ KGi KvUvb| Cmv Lvb ‰i cyò gymv Lvb wQGjb ZvG`i ˆbZv| Zuvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ evGiv f„uBqvMY cÉwZwU `yGMÆ ‰es ˆKŒkjMZfvGe ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Õ©vGb exiGZ½i mGã hy«¬ KGi eÅ^Æ nb| Bmjvg Lvb XvKv `Lj KGi ˆmLvGb Zuvi ivRavbx Õ©vcb KGib ‰es mgËvGUi bvgvbymvGi ‰ ÕGbi bZzb bvgKiY KGib RvnvãxibMi| f„uBqvG`i `gb Kiv mÁ¿e nq wb, Zuviv jÞÅv b`xi Dfq ZxGi ZuvG`i AeÕ©vbàwjGK myiwÞZ KGi ˆZvGjb| Bmjvg Lvb ZuvG`i ˆinvB ˆ`b wb| XvKvGK myiwÞZ KGi wZwb f„uBqvG`i me AeÕ©vGbi wei‚G«¬ Awfhvb ˆcÉiY KGib ‰es 1611 wLËÓ¡võ ˆkl nIqvi AvGMB ZuvG`i ˆbZv gymv Lvbmn me evGiv f„uBqvB Bmjvg LvGbi wbKU ekÅZv Õ¼xKvi KGib| myevn`vi hGkvGii cÉZvcvw`ZÅ, evKjvi ivgP±`Ê ‰es fzjyqv ‰i Ab¯¦gvwYKÅGKI civwRZ KGib ‰es ZuvG`i ivRÅàwj wbGRi wbq¯¨GY wbGq AvGmb|

‰ici wZwb LvRv DmgvGbi cÉwZ gGbvwbGek KGib ‰es Zuvi ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb AvdMvbG`i eyKvBbMGi civwRZ KGib| AvdMvbiv DnvGi (ˆgŒjfxevRvGi) cvwjGq hvq, ZGe Zviv ZvG`i KwVb cÉwZGiva AeÅvnZ ivGL| Bmjvg LvGbi AbyGivGa DmgvGbi wei‚G«¬ ŠmbÅevwnbxi ˆbZ‡Z½ w`GZ myävZ LvbGK mgËvU ˆcÉiY KGib| AvdMvbiv exiGZ½i mGã hy«¬ KGi, w`beÅvcx ‰ hyG«¬i djvdj AwbwøZ nGZ hvwœQj| wK¯§ DmgvGbi AvKwÕÃK g†ZzÅ gyMjG`i AcÉZÅvwkZ weRq ‰Gb ˆ`q| ivGZi A®¬KvGi AvdMvbiv cvwjGq hvq, ZGe cieZÆxKvGj Zviv ekÅZv Õ¼xKvi KGi| wmGjGU evGqRx` Kiivbx ‰i ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb AvGiK`j AvdMvb wQj| ZvG`iGKI ekÅZv Õ¼xKvi KiGZ evaÅ Kiv nq| ‰fvGe mgMÉ evsjv gyMjG`i wbq¯¨GY PGj AvGm| ‰i `wÞY cƒeÆ mxgv¯¦ wbaÆvwiZ nq ˆdbx b`x, hvi cGi wQj AvivKvb ivRÅ|

‰ici Bmjvg Lvb KzPwenvi, Kvgi…c ‰es KvQvo ivGRÅi w`GK gGbvGhvM ˆ`b| KzPwenvGii ivRv jßxbvivqY memgqB wQGjb gyMjG`i cÉwZ e®¬zfvevc®², wK¯§ ivRv cixwÞrbvivqY gyMjG`i AMÉMwZi wei‚G«¬ KwVb cÉwZGiva MGo ˆZvGjb| `xNÆÕ©vqx hyG«¬i ci wZwb AvñmgcÆY KiGZ evaÅ nb ‰es ZuvGK XvKvq wbGq Avmv nq| cieZÆxKvGj ZuvGK mgËvGUi `ievGi cvwVGq ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es Kvgi…c gyMj mvgËvGRÅi AwaKvifzî× nq| civwRZ nGq KvQvGoi ivRvI gyMjG`i mGã mw®¬ KiGZ evaÅ nb|

Bmjvg Lvb mgMÉ evsjv Rq KiGZ ‰es mxgv¯¦ivRÅ Kvgi…c `Lj KiGZ mÞg nGqwQGjb| ‰K ‰K KGi kò‚G`i civwRZ KGi wZwb ZuvG`i HKÅe«¬ nGZ ˆ`b wb| wefî× KGi kvmb Kiv, A^Ævr f„uBqv I mvg¯¦ cÉfzG`i ‰KRGbi wei‚G«¬ AciRbGK jvMvGbv wQj Zuvi bxwZ| AZů¦ mvdGjÅi mGã wZwb ‰ bxwZ cÉGqvM KGiwQGjb| civwRZ Rwg`vi, f„uBqv ‰es mvg¯¦cÉfzG`i wZwb ZuvG`i Õ¼ Õ¼ ‰jvKvq wdGi ˆhGZ AbygwZ `vb KGib wb| ZuvG`i ‰jvKv ZuvG`iGK wdwiGq w`GjI ZuvG`iGK gyMj ŠmbÅevwnbxGZ ˆhvM w`GZ evaÅ Kiv nGqwQj ‰es ZuvG`i iYZixàwj evGRqvµ¦ Kiv nGqwQj| ZuvG`iGK gyMj ŠmbÅ evwnbxGZ ˆhvM`vb KGi ZuvG`i mgGMvòxq Rwg`vi I f„uBqvG`i wei‚G«¬ hy«¬ KiGZ nGZv| KvGRB mhð cwiK͸bv I AeÅvnZ cÉGPÓ¡vi «¼viv Bmjvg Lvb mvdjÅ ARÆb KGib ‰es mgËvU KZ‡ÆK Zuvi Ici bÅÕ¦ KZÆeÅ I `vwqZ½ mdjfvGe cvjb KGib| `vD` Lvb Kiivbx ‰i cZGbi ewòk eQi cGiI AvKeGii weLÅvZ ˆmbvcwZMY ˆh KvR KiGZ cvGib wb Bmjvg Lvb cuvP eQGii Kg mgGq Zv mymÁ·®² KGiwQGjb| ‰ici f„uBqv, Rwg`vi ‰es AvdMvb `jcwZMY Avi gv^v ZzGj `uvovGZ cvGib wb| AvdMvbkwî×GK wbwøn× KGi ˆ`Iqv nGqwQj ‰es f„uBqv, Rwg`vi I Õ©vbxq ivRMY gyMjG`i AaxbÕ© Rwg`vi nGZ evaÅ nGqwQGjb|

Õ©vbv¯¦i KGi XvKvq ivRavbx cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv wQj Bmjvg LvGbi AvGiKwU K‡wZZ½| Bmjvg Lvb wQGjb cÉ^g myevn`vi whwb gyMjG`i ŠmbÅ I hy«¬ cwiPvjbvq cƒeÆ evsjvi ài‚Z½ Dcjwº¬ KGiwQGjb| ‰ RbÅB wZwb ˆm ‰jvKvi ˆK±`ÊÕ©Gj ivRavbx Õ©vbv¯¦i KGiwQGjb| ‰Uv ejv AZzÅwî× nGe bv ˆh, Bmjvg LvbB cÉK‡ZcGÞ gyMjG`i RbÅ evsjv Rq KGiwQGjb| mgi…c cÉkvmwbK eÅeÕ©v msMwVZ KGi wZwb ˆ`Gk kvw¯¦ cÉwZÓ¤v KGiwQGjb| myZivs ZuvGK gyMj mvgËvGRÅi ‰KRb wbgÆvZv ‰es evsjv cÉG`Gki ˆkÉÓ¤ myevn`vi wnGmGe MYÅ Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| mgËvU Zuvi ˆhvMÅZvi Õ¼xK‡wZ `vb KGiwQGjb ‰es Zuvi g†ZzÅ msev` ÷Gb Zuvi cÉPzi cÉksmv KGiwQGjb| cuvP eQGii mvgvbÅ wKQy ˆewk Kvj aGi mvdGjÅi mGã ‰ cÉG`k kvmb KGi Bmjvg Lvb XvKv ˆ^GK cÉvq cuwPk gvBj DîGi fvIqvGj 1613 wLËÓ¡vGõi ˆkl w`GK g†ZzÅeiY KGib| cÉ^Gg ZuvGK XvKvi ev`kvnx evGM (cyivZb nvBGKvUÆ cÉvãY) mgvwaÕ© Kiv nGqwQj| wK¯§ cieZÆxKvGj Zuvi kevavi dGZncyi wmwò×GZ wbGq hvIqv nq ‰es Zuvi KxwZÆgvb wcZvgn ˆkL ˆmwjg wPkwZi gvhvi-cÉvãGY ‰es Zuvi cvGk wPiwekÉvGg kvwqZ Kiv nq| [Avõyj Kwig]

Mɯ©cwé  H Beveridge & A Rogers (tr), Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, 2nd edn, Delhi, 1968; J N Sarkar (ed), History of Bengal, II, Dacca, 1948; Abdul Karim, History of Bengal, Mughal Period, I, Rajshahi, 1992.