BGjKUÇwbÝ
(Electronics) Zwor cÉGKŒkGji cÉavb kvLvàGjvi
‰KwU, hv cwievnx I AaÆcwievnx ˆ^GK BGjKUÇGbi wbtmiY, ‰B BGjKUÇbàGjvi
cieZÆx myweavRbK eÅenvi ‰es BGjKUÇwbK h¯ò wbgÆvY wbGq AvGjvPbv I MGelYv
KGi| cÉ^g BGjKUÇwbK h¯¨ wQj ^vGgÆvwbK fvj&f ev fÅvKzqÅvg wUDe, hvi
wfZGii kƒbÅÕ©vGb BGjKUÇbàGjv QyGUvQywU KGi ‰es ‰wU ˆeZvi, ˆUwjwfkb,
ivWvi I wWwRUvj KwÁcDUvGii gGZv D«¿vebàGjvi cÉavb wbqvgK wnGmGe KvR
KGiGQ| 1948-‰i w`GK UÇvbwRÕ¡vGii D«¿veb ‰es cieZÆxGZ BbwUGMÉGUW mvwKÆU
(IC)-‰i
weKvk BGjKUÇwbGÝi ˆÞGò ŠeµÏweK cwieZÆb mvab KGiGQ ‰es ‰àGjv meB cƒGeÆi
BGjKUÇb wUDe cÉhywî×i Ici wfwî KGi ŠZwi nGqwQj| AvaywbK BGjKUÇwbK h¯¨cvwZàGjv
me mƒß wmwjKb wPc-‰i Ici wfwî KGi `uvwoGq AvGQ| wmwjKb wPc ‰K cÉKvi
AwZ cvZjv weÕ•zGUi gGZv wò×Õ¡vGji dvwj/ÕÏvBm hv A¯¦Z 10 nvRvi BGjKUÇwbK
KGÁcvGb´Ÿ aviY KGi| ‰ aiGbi D®²qb BGjKUÇwbK mvwKÆUGK AwaK NbZ½mÁc®²
webÅvGm mvRvGZ mvnvhÅ KGiGQ ‰es hG¯¨i AvKvi Þz`Ë ˆ^GK Þz`ËZi KiGZ mnvqZv
KGiGQ| ‰i dGj mÁ¿e nGqGQ NbwebÅÕ¦ Þz`ËvK‡wZi KwÁ·DUvi, D®²Z ivWvi I
w`K ev AeÕ©vb wbYÆq eÅeÕ©v ‰es AbÅvbÅ h¯¨cvwZ ŠZwi ˆhàGjvGZ wecyj msLÅK
h¯¨vsk eÅenvi KiGZ nq| wmwjKb wPGci D®²qGbi RbÅB ˆfvî×viv ˆcGqGQ AviI
ˆQvU wK¯§ AwaKZi wbfÆiGhvMÅ ˆeZvi I ˆUwjwfkb, D®²Z kõ I wfwWI ˆiKwWÆs
‰es cybi‚rcv`b eÅeÕ©v, gvBGò×vIGqf IGfb, ˆmjyjvi ˆUwjGdvb ‰es kwî×kvjx
A^P Kg LiGPi wcwm-i gZ D®²³Z cÉhywî×i BGjKUÇwbK mvgMÉx àGjv|
1930
mvGj ˆeZvi ˆK±`Ê I ˆUwjGdvb ‰ÝGPé Õ©vcb ‰es IqviGjm ˆhvMvGhvGMi ˆÞGò
evsjvG`Gk cÉ^g BGjKUÇwbGÝi eÅenvi ÷i‚ nq| w«¼Zxq wek¼hyG«¬i mgq mvgwiK
cÉGqvRGb IqviGjm ˆhvMvGhvM cÉhywî× AviI D®²Z nq ‰es meÆvaywbK cÉhywî×
cÉ^Gg fviGZ cGi evsjvG`Gk cÉGek KGi| 1960 mvGj ‰G`Gk LyeB DœP KÁ·vâ
A^Ævr wf.‰BP.‰d (Very High Frequency) cÉhywî×i ˆUwjGdvb Õ©vcb Kiv nq hvi avivevwnKZvq
1970 mvGj ˆUGjÝ/ˆUwjwcÉ´Ÿvi ˆmev cÉeZÆb Kiv nq| cÉ^g ˆUwjwfkb ˆK±`Ê
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq 1964 mvGj| 1983-ˆZ wWwRUvj cÉhywî×i ˆUwjGdvb ‰es 1992-ˆZ
ˆgvevBj (ˆmjyjvi) ˆdvb cÉhywî× cÉewZÆZ nq|
ˆeZvi,
ˆUwjwfkb, AwWI-wfwWI KÅvGmU ˆiKWÆvi I ˆµÏqvi, gvBGò×vIGqf IGfb, Zviwenxb
ˆUwjGdvb, BZÅvw` evsjvG`Gk MvnÆÕ©Å RxeGb eüj eÅen…Z BGjKUÇwbK h¯¨cvwZi
D`vniY| 1980-i cƒGeÆ ‰K eÅv´£ ˆeZvih¯¨ Qvov AbÅ me BGjKUÇwbK h¯¨cvwZ
ev `ËeÅvw` Avgv`vwb Kiv nGZv| wK¯§ 1980-i ci ˆeZvih¯¨, ˆUwjwfkb, AwWI-wfwWI
KÅvGmU ˆiKWÆvi I ˆµÏqvi BZÅvw` Drcv`Gbi RbÅ ˆek wKQy h¯¨vsk msGhvRb
ˆK±`Ê (assembly plants)
cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| 1990-‰i ci ˆ^GK KwÁcDUvi,
Zviwenxb ˆUwjGdvb, mÅvGUjvBU wUwf msGKZ MÉvnK h¯¨ BZÅvw`i gGZv AvaywbKZg
RwUj h¯¨cvwZ msGhvRb ˆ`GkB mÁ·®² Kiv nGœQ ‰es wKQy LyPiv h¯¨vsk Drcv`bI
Kiv nGœQ| KGqKwU eüRvwZK ˆKvÁcvwb ZvG`i h¯¨vsk cÉÕ§Z I msGhvRb ˆK±`Ê
‰G`Gk Õ©vcb KGiGQ| weG`kx ˆKvÁcvwbàGjvi mGã ˆhŒ^ DG`ÅvGM Õ©vbxq ˆKvÁcvwbàGjvI
evsjvG`Gk cÉwZÓ¤v KGiGQ h¯¨vsGki wkG͸vrcv`b I h¯¨vsk msGhvRb KviLvbv|
eZÆgvGb ‰B ˆKvÁcvwbàGjvi ˆgvU msLÅv 60-‰i AwaK| Õ©vbxq Drcv`Gbi gvaÅGg
‰K/eü eÅv´£ ˆeZvih¯¨, AwWI I wfwWI KÅvGmU ˆiKWÆvi ‰es ˆµÏqvi BZÅvw`i
Pvwn`v cƒiY nGœQ ‰es wUwfi RbÅ, weGklZ iwOb wUwfi cÉvq 50% Pvwn`v cƒiY
nGœQ Õ©vbxq Drcv`Gbi gvaÅGg| ZGe gvBGò×vIGqf IGfb, BGjKUÇwbK KÅvGgiv,
cÉGRÙi BZÅvw`i gGZv AZÅvaywbK mƒß h¯¨cvwZàGjv ‰LbI Avg`vwb Kiv nGPQ|
1994-‰ evsjvG`Gki gyî× evRvi Pzwî×GZ mB Kivi mgq ˆ^GK mKj cÉKvGii BGjKUÇwbK
cYÅ`ËeÅ ‰G`Gk Õ¼vaxbfvGe Avg`vwb Kiv nGPQ|
[‰g Kvgi‚ävgvb]
