BGWb, mÅvi AÅvk&Gj (1831-1887)  evsjvi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ MfbÆi (1877-82)| wZwb 1831 mvGji 13 bGfÁ¼i R¯ÃMÉnY KGib ‰es ivMwe, DBbGPÕ¡vi I ˆnBwjGewiGZ wkÞvjvf KGib| ˆeãj wmwfj mvwfÆGmi m`mÅ wnGmGe AÅvk&Gj BGWb 1852 mvGj KjKvZv ˆcuŒGQb| wZwb fviGZi MfbÆi ˆRbvGij jWÆ AKjÅv´£ ‰i (1836-42) övZzÓ·yò|

evsjvq Zuvi PvKwi RxeGb 1855 mvGj muvIZvj weG`Ëvn `gGbi gvaÅGg wZwb `ÞZvi Qvc ivGLb| evsjv miKvGii mwPe (1862-71) wbhyî× nIqvi cƒGeÆ wZwb ˆRjv I ˆK±`Êxq chÆvGq wewf®² DœPcG` envj wQGjb| evsjvi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ MfbÆGii c` Ajâ‡Z Kivi cƒGeÆ wZwb weËwUk evgÆvi (1871-77) wPd Kwgkbvi wnGmGe `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib|

BGWGbi cÉkvmGbi cÉavb wb`kÆbmgƒn wQj `ywfÆÞ (1877), eÅemvq-evwYRÅ I wk͸ KviLvbvi Ici jvBGm´Ö wd avhÆKvix eãxq jvBGm´Ö AvBb (1878), wmwfj mvwfÆmGK wbeÆvwn I wePvi-msò×v¯¦ kvLvq c†^KxKiY (1878), `vwRÆwjsGq evÓ·xq UÇvgc^ Pvjy Kiv, ˆijcG^i mÁ·ÉmviY, LvRbv Kwgkb (1880), wkÞv wefvMGK cybweÆbÅÕ¦ Kiv, wkecyGi Bwéwbqvwis KGjR cÉwZÓ¤v (1878), fvbÆvKzjvi ˆcÉm AÅvÙ (1878), ivBUvmÆ wewΣsGq bZzb eãxq mwPevjq Õ©vcb ‰es Õ©vbxq Õ¼vqîkvmbGK ˆRvi`vi Kivi DG`ÅvM MÉnY| 1878 mvGj Zuvi bvg Abyhvqx ‘XvKv wdGgj Õ•zj’-‰i bZzb bvg ˆ`Iqv nq BGWb MvjÆm Õ•zj|

AÅvk&Gj BGWbGK 1874 mvGj wm.‰m.AvB I 1878 mvGj ˆK.wm.‰m.AvB Kiv nq| Aemi MÉnYvG¯¦ wZwb 1882 mvGj m`mÅ wnGmGe Bw´£qv KvDw´ÖGj ˆhvM`vb KGib| 1887 mvGji 8 RyjvB ZvwiGL g†ZzÅi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ H cG` envj wQGjb|  [wmivRyj Bmjvg]