BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb BRviv nGœQ cwimÁ·G`i gvwjK I eÅenviKvixi gGaÅ mÁ·vw`Z ‰K aiGbi Pzwî×| ‰i AvIZvq eÅenviKvix A^Ævr w«¼Zxq cÞ cwimÁ·` ò×q bv KGiI ‰KwU wbaÆvwiZ nvGi fvov cwiGkvGai kGZÆ wbw`ÆÓ¡ ˆgqvG`i RbÅ Zv gvwjK cGÞi wbKU ˆ^GK MÉnY KGi eÅenvi KiGZ cvGib| BRvivMÉnxZv BRvivK‡Z cwimÁ·G`i RbÅ gvwmK, ŠògvwmK, lv¯ÃvwmK ev evwlÆK wfwîGZ mvaviYZ cÉwZ ˆgqvG`i ÷i‚GZ wbw`ÆÓ¡ nvGi fvovi A^Æ cwiGkva KGib| BRvivPzwî×i mÁ·ƒYÆ ˆgqv` ˆkGl cwimÁ·` Zvi gvwjGKi nvGZ ˆdiZ ˆ`Iqv nq| ZGe `xNÆGgqvw` BRvivi ˆÞGò cÉvqkB BRvivi ˆgqv` ˆkGl BRvivMÉnxZvGK BRvivK‡Z cwimÁ·` wKGb ˆbIqvi cÉÕ¦ve ˆ`Iqv nq| Avevi BRvivPzwî×i ˆgqv` ˆkl nGj Zv bevqGbi ixwZ cÉvq meÆò cÉPwjZ AvGQ|

A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi c«¬wZ wnGmGe cÉPwjZ cÉavb wZb aiGbi BRviv nGœQ KvhÆPvjbv (operating) BRviv, Avw^ÆK/gƒjawb (financial/capital) BRviv ‰es cÉZÅÞ A^ÆmsÕ©vb (direct financing) BRviv| KvhÆPvjbv BRviv ռ͸Ggqvw` ‰es ‰GÞGò BRviv`vZv cwimÁ·G`i PjwZ I ˆgivgZ msò×v¯¦ mKj eÅq enb KGib, Avi BRvivMÉnxZv ˆgqv` Abyhvqx fvov cwiGkva KGib| ‰ RvZxq BRviv ˆhGKvb mgq evwZjGhvMÅ ‰es BRvivMÉnxZv BRvivi ˆgqv` ˆkGl BRvivK‡Z cwimÁ·` wKGb ˆbIqvi ˆKvb myGhvM msiÞY KGib bv| Avw^ÆK/gƒjawb BRviv `xNÆGgqvw` ‰es ‰GÞGò cwimÁ·G`i ˆgivgZ I iÞYvGeÞY-msò×v¯¦ eÅqmgƒn BRvivMÉnxZvGK enb KiGZ nq| ‰ RvZxq BRviv Pzwî×i ˆgqv` ˆkl nIqvi AvGM evwZj Kiv hvq bv ‰es BRvivMÉnxZv ˆgqv` ˆkGl `i`vg KGi cwimÁ·` wKGb wbGZ cvGib A^ev bZzb ˆgqvG`i RbÅ Pzwî× bevqb KGi wbGZ cvGib| cÉZÅÞ A^ÆmsÕ©vbgƒjK BRvivi ˆÞGò BRviv`vZv wbGR Drcv`b KGi A^ev Drcv`bKvix AbÅGKvb cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆ^GK ò×q KGi ‰KwU cwimÁ·` mivmwi BRvivMÉnxZvi wbKU Zvi eÅenvGii RbÅ nÕ¦v¯¦i KGib| ‰GÞGò cwimÁ·G`i `LjI BRvivMÉnxZvi nvGZ w`Gq ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es ÷ay BRvivi ˆgqv` chƯ¦ Zvi gvwjKvbv ^vGK BRviv`vZvi bvGg, ˆgqv` ˆkGl gvwjKvbvI BRvivMÉnxZvi nvGZ Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nq| AekÅ, ‰GÞGò cwimÁ·G`i fvov ‰gbfvGe AvGivc Kiv nq hvGZ BRviv`vZvi j™²xK‡Z cyuwR gybvdvmn h^vh^fvGe D÷j nq|

AvBbMZ AG^Æ BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwb ejGZ H RvZxq mKj ˆKvÁ·vwbGK ˆevSvq hviv h¯¨miévg fvov Kivi KvGR ev BRvivMÉnxZviv hvGZ fvov KiGZ cvGi ˆmRbÅ ZvG`iGK A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi KvGR wbGqvwRZ ^vGK| B´ŸvibÅvkbvj dvBbÅv´Ö KGcÆvGikb (AvB‰dwm) Zvi cyuwRevRvGi D®²qbGKŒkj evÕ¦evqGbi c«¬wZ wnGmGe D®²qbkxj ˆ`kmgƒGn wkG͸v®²qb A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi RbÅ BRvivi weKvkGK DrmvwnZ KGi|

evsjvG`Gk wk͸ A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi gvaÅg wnGmGe BRviv c«¬wZi cÉPjb ÷i‚ nq 1980-i `kGKi ˆMvovi w`GK| ˆ`Gki cÉ^g BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwb B´£vwÕ¡Ëqvj wjwRs ˆKvÁ·vwb Ae evsjvG`k (AvBwW‰jwm) evsjvG`k eÅvsK-‰i wbq¯¨Ywewa ˆgGb 1986 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| AvBwW‰jwm nGœQ B´£vwÕ¡Ëqvj ˆcÉvGgvkb AÅv´£ ˆWGfjcGg´Ÿ ˆKvÁ·vwb Ae evsjvG`k (AvBwcwWwm), AvB‰dwm ‰es ˆKvwiqv ˆWGfjcGg´Ÿ KGcÆvGikb-‰i ‰KwU mwÁÃwjZ DG`ÅvM| BDbvBGUW wjwRs ˆKvÁ·vwb bvGg Aci ‰KwU wjwRs ˆKvÁ·vwb cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq 1989 mvGj| 1994-‰i ci ˆ^GK ˆ`Gk BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbi msLÅv `Ë‚Z e†w«¬ ˆcGZ ^vGK ‰es 2000 mvj bvMv` ‰àwji msLÅv `vuovq 16wU| ‰i dGj BRviv eÅemvq eZÆgvGb ˆek cÉwZGhvwMZvgƒjK nGq DGVGQ| BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwb wnGmGe cÉwZwÓ¤Z ˆKvÁ·vwbàwj QvovI AbÅvbÅ A¯¦Z 6wU cÉwZÓ¤vb ˆ`Gk BRviv eÅemvGq wbGqvwRZ AvGQ| evsjvG`Gk 1988 mvGj BRviv eÅemvGqi ˆgvU Avw^ÆK gƒjÅ wQj bƒÅbvwaK 4 ˆKvwU UvKv ‰es 2000 mvGj ‰i cwigvY `vuovq 316 ˆKvwU UvKv|

evsjvG`Gk ‰Lb ˆhme BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwb Pvjy AvGQ ˆmàwj nGœQ AvBwW‰jwm, BDbvBGUW wjwRs ˆKvÁ·vwb, wR‰mwc dvBbv´Ö ˆKvÁ·vwb (evsjvG`k) wjwgGUW, Dîiv wdbÅv´Ö AÅv´£ BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ wjwgGUW, ˆe wjwRs AÅv´£ BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ wjwgGUW, dwbÝ wjwRs ˆKvÁ·vwb wjwgGUW, cÉvBg wdbÅv´Ö AÅv´£ BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ wjwgGUW, B´ŸvibÅvkbvj wjwRs AÅv´£ wdbÅvw´Öqvj mvwfÆGmm wjwgGUW, BDwbqb KÅvwcUvj wjwgGUW, fÅvwbK evsjvG`k wjwgGUW, wccjm wjwRs AÅv´£ wdbÅvw´Öqvj mvwfÆGmm wjwgGUW, evsjvG`k B´£vwÕ¡Ëqvj wdbÅv´Ö ˆKvÁ·vwb wjwgGUW, BD‰B-evsjvG`k BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ ˆKvÁ·vwb wjwgGUW, evsjvG`k wdbÅv´Ö AÅv´£ BbGfÕ¡Gg´Ÿ ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰es dvÕ¡Æ wjR B´ŸvibÅvkbvj ˆKvÁ·wb| evsjvG`Gk BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb eÅemvq ˆhfvGe msMwVZ Zv ˆ^GK ‰i DGókÅmgƒn ˆgvUvgywU wbÁ²i…Gc ZvwjKve«¬ Kiv hvq:

K. h¯¨miévg BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb I mswkÏÓ¡ ˆmev cÉ`vGbi gvaÅGg Drcv`bkxj DG`ÅvMmgƒGni D®²qGb mnvqZv `vb;

L    Pvjy wkG͸vG`ÅvMmgƒnGK mg¯¼qKiY, AvaywbKxKiY, cÉwZÕ©vcb I mÁcÉmviGY mnvqZv `vb;

M.   Þz`Ë I gvSvwi wk͸ cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒGni RbÅ A^ÆmsÕ©vb;

N.   miKvGii D®²qb KvhÆò×gmgƒGni mGã mãwZ ˆiGL ˆ`Gki wkG͸v®²qGb mwò×q AskMÉnY;

O.   wewf®² ˆckvi ˆjvKG`i h¯¨miévg ò×Gq mvnvGhÅi RbÅ A^ÆmsÕ©vb;

P.   bvbv aiGbi K‡wlh¯¨cvwZ ò×Gq AG^Æi ˆhvMvb `vb; ‰es

Q. BmyÅ eÅeÕ©vcK, AewjLbKvix ‰es ˆcvUÆGdvwjI eÅeÕ©vcGKi f„wgKvq mwò×q nGq ˆ`Gki gƒjab evRvi D®²qGb AskMÉnY|

BRviv eÅemvGqi bvbvwea KvhÆò×Ggi gGaÅ AvGQ BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb, ռ͸Ggqvw` A^ÆmsÕ©vb, M†nwbgÆvY A^ÆmsÕ©vb, wewbGqvM eÅvswKs ‰es KGcÆvGiU A^ÆmsÕ©vb| KGcÆvGiU A^ÆmsÕ©vGb Ask wbGq evsjvG`Gki BRviv eÅemv-cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒn BRviv eÅemvGqi Õ¼vfvweK AvIZvi cwimxgv QvwoGq ˆ`Gki cyuwR evRviGK weKwkZ KiGZ mvnvhÅ KiGQ| ‰QvovI ˆmZz A^Ævqb, KGcÆvGiU wbG`Ækbv, ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰Kxf„ZKiY I AwaMÉnY, cyuwR-cybMÆVb, Avw^ÆK-cÉGKŒkj, BRviv-wmw´£GKkb BZÅvw` bZzb bZzb ˆÞGò ‰B cÉwZÓ¤vbàwj mwò×q f„wgKv ivLGQ| BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi myGhvM wbGq A^ÆbxwZi ˆhme LvZ ˆek AMÉMwZ jvf KGiGQ ˆmàwji gGaÅ AvGQ eÕ¨wk͸ , cwienY , wbgÆvY I cÉGKŒkj, KvMR I gy`ËY wk͸ , Jla wk͸ , Lv`Å I cvbxq Drcv`b, ivmvqwbK `ËeÅvw` Drcv`b, K‡wlwfwîK wk͸, ˆUwjGhvMvGhvM ‰es PgÆ I PgÆRvZ `ËeÅvw` Drcv`b|

evsjvG`Gk FY gƒjaGbi cÉPwjZ AvaywbK `ywU cÉavb Drm nGœQ evwYwRÅK eÅvsK I D®²qb A^ÆmsÕ©vb cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒn| BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi aviYvwU ‰LbI cÉvq bZzbB iGq ˆMGQ| BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbmgƒn cÉ^g w`GK ˆ`kxq DG`Åvî×vG`i BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb mÁ·GKÆ mGPZb Kiv ‰es ‰i myweav MÉnGY D«¼y«¬ Kivi KvGR wbGqvwRZ wQj| D®²qb A^ÆmsÕ©vb cÉwZÓ¤vbàwji KzFY mgmÅv I FYGhvMÅ ZnweGji mxwgZ cybtPò×vqGbi myevG` BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbmgƒn gƒjaGbi weK͸ Drm wnGmGe wbGRi Õ©vb KGi ˆbq| ‰Qvov AviI KGqKwU KviGYI ˆ`Gk BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb eÅemvq weKvk jvf KGi; ˆhgb, evwYwRÅK eÅvsKmgƒn `xNÆGgqvw` wewbGqvM AGcÞv ռ͸Ggqvw` eÅemvGq FY ˆ`IqvGZB AwaKZi AvMÉnx ^vGK eGj ‰K aiGbi cÉwZe®¬KZv ŠZwi nq| ˆmGÞGò ˆKvÁ·vwbmgƒn ˆh c«¬wZGZ I wm«¬v¯¦MZ KvVvGgvi gGaÅ BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb-msò×v¯¦ AvGe`bcò weGePbv KGi Zvi RwUjZv evwYwRÅK eÅvsK ev D®²qb A^ÆmsÕ©vb cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒGni Zzjbvq AGbK Kg| ‰Qvov evwYwRÅK eÅvsK I D®²qb A^ÆmsÕ©vb cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒn FY cÉÕ¦ve weGePbvq AhvwPZ Pvc I cÉfvGei AaxGb wm«¬v¯¦ MÉnY KGi, BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbàwj ˆm Zzjbvq AGbK Õ¼vaxb I wbiGcÞfvGe wm«¬v¯¦ wbGZ cvGi| ˆemiKvwi LvGZi mKj BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbB A^ÆmsÕ©vb-cÉÕ¦ve Z^v cÉKG͸i `Ë‚Z gƒjÅvqb KGi ‰es wm«¬v¯¦ BwZevPK nGj `Ë‚Z A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi eÅeÕ©v KGi DG`Åvî×vG`i mgq I eÅq Dfq w`K ˆ^GKB mvkÉGqi myGhvM KGi ˆ`q| ˆemiKvwi BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbàwj miKvwi A^ÆmsÕ©vb cÉwZÓ¤vGbi ˆPGq D®²ZZi ˆmev cÉ`vb KGi, ‰GÞGò WvDb-ˆcGg´Ÿ ˆZgb ˆewk avhÆ KGi bv, ‰gbwK Pzwî× Õ¼vÞi I cwimÁ·` cÉvwµ¦, ‰es h¯¨miévg Õ©vcbv I Zvi eÅenvi Kivi gaÅKvi mgqI ˆZgb cÉjwÁ¼Z nGZ ˆ`q bv| ‰Qvov BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vGbi AvbylwãK mKj eÅq, h^v Avg`vwb LvjvmKiY, h¯¨miévg Õ©vcbv eÅq BZÅvw` gƒjabxKiY Kiv hvq eGj DG`Åvî×vi cÉv^wgK wewbGqvGMi RbÅ cÉGqvRbxq gƒjaGbi cwigvY KGg AvGm|

evsjvG`Gk BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbmgƒn ˆhme mgmÅvq ˆfvGM ˆmàwji gGaÅ ‰KwU nGœQ Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq BRviv A^ÆmsÕ©vb ˆhvMvGbi nvi AwaKZi `Ë‚Z MwZGZ e†w«¬| wbGRG`i gGaÅ Lye ˆewk cÉwZGhvwMZvi KviGY BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbàwj ZvG`i KgÆÞgZvi Zzjbvq AGbK Kg eÅemv cwiPvjbv KGi| mvgwMÉKfvGe ˆ`Gk weivRgvb FYGLjvGci msÕ•‡wZI ‰KwU mgmÅv| ‰Qvov ‰àwj ˆ`Gki gy`Ëv I gƒjab evRvi ˆ^GK ռ͸ I gaÅGgqvw` gƒjab msMÉGni ˆÞGòI cÉvqB Amyweavq cGo| ˆ`Gk evwYwRÅK `wjjcò-msò×v¯¦ ˆhme AvBb AvGQ ˆmàwji bvbv mxgve«¬Zv ^vKvq ‰es ‰me AvBb Avevi me mgq cÉGqvM KiGZ bv cvivi KviGY BRviv ˆKvÁ·vwbàwj ZvG`i Avw^ÆK cwimÁ·`-msò×v¯¦ AwaKvi msiÞGYI gvGS gvGS eÅ^Æ nq|

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