ইংেরজ (জািত)

BsGiR (RvwZ) BsGiRiv mGZGiv kZGKi gvSvgvwS mgGq evsjvq AvMgb KGi| 1600 mvGji 31 wWGmÁ¼Gii ‰KwU ivRKxq mb` «¼viv cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq ‘w` Bswjk BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwb’| cÉv^wgK AeÕ©vq ‰ ˆKvÁ·vwb `wÞY fviGZi cwøg I cƒeÆ DcK„jxq AçGj evwYwRÅK ˆhvMvGhvM Õ©vcb KGi| 1633 mvGj Zviv DwolÅv DcK„Gj ˆcuŒGQ ‰es nwinicyi I evGjk¼Gi KzwV Õ©vcb KGi| mgËvU kvnRvnvb ‰K digvb (1650) «¼viv ZvG`iGK Pvjvwb Ki (ivn`vwi) cÉ`vb ˆ^GK AeÅvnwZ ˆ`b| 1651 wLËÓ¡vGõi cÉviGÁ¿ BsGiRiv üMwjGZ ‰KwU KzwV Õ©vcb KiGZ mÞg nq| mÁ¿eZ WÙi MÅvweËGqj evDUGbi mwò×q c†Ó¤GcvlKZvi dGj Zv mÁ¿e nGqwQj| evDUb myevn`vi kvn myRvi hG^Ó¡ mybRGi wQGjb| kvn myRv 1651 wLËÓ¡vGõ ‰K ‘wbkvb’ Rvwi KGi ZvG`i AevGa eÅemv Kivi AbygwZ cÉ`vb KGib| evwlÆK 3000 UvKv cÉ`vGbi kGZÆ ‰ myweav ˆ`Iqv nq| kvn myRv 1656 wLËÓ¡vGõ ‰wU AbyGgv`b KGib ‰es 1660 mvGj gxiRygjv ‰es 1672 mvGj kvGqÕ¦v Lvb ‰ AbyGgv`b bevqb KGib| kvnRv`v gynÁÃ` Avhg (AvwRg-Dm-kvb) cieZÆxKvGj ‰wU AbyGgv`b KGib hw`I ‰ gGgÆ ˆKvb kvnx digvb Rvwi Kiv nq wb| myweav cÉ`vb I AbyGgv`Gbi ‰ `†kÅcGUi A¯¦ivGj ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆKZÆv I cieZÆx myev`viG`i gGaÅ ZxeË msNvGZi Dcv`vb `vbv euvaGZ ^vGK|

BGZvgGaÅ BsGiRiv evsjvi AfÅ¯¦Gi cÉGek KiGZ ^vGK| 1658 mvGj mÁ¿eZ ˆKvÁ·vwbi ‰KRb cÉwZwbwa wnGmGe ˆRgm nvUÆ XvKv ˆcuŒGQb eGj gGb nq| ZLbI chÆ¯¦ ˆKvÁ·vwb XvKvq ˆKvb evwYRÅ KzwV Õ©vcb KGi wb| 1669 mvGji ˆMvovi w`GK XvKvq ‰KwU KzwV Õ©vwcZ nq eGj cÉZxqgvb nq ‰es ’nviGf‘i Zî½veavGb H kZvõxi mîGii `kGKi ˆklfvM I Avwki `kGKi ÷i‚GZ ‰wU mÁ·ÉmvwiZ nq| cÉ^g w`GK KzwVwU ˆZRMuvGq AewÕ©Z wQj ‰es ˆmLvb ˆ^GK 1735 mvGj ‰wU knGi Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nq|

mgMÉ mGZGiv kZK RyGo BsGiR I gyMjG`i gGaÅ ˆMvjGhvM PjGZ ^vGK Avg`vwb-iµ¦vwb ÷Í• cÉ`vGbi welqGK ˆK±`Ê KGi hv ˆ^GK BsGiRiv ’digvGbi‘ wfwîGZ AeÅvnwZ ˆPGq AvmwQj| ZvG`i ‰KGPwUqv myweavi KGVvi mgvGjvPbv PjGZ ^vKvi KviGY ˆ`GkI ˆKvÁ·vwb KwVb AeÕ©vi gyGLvgywL nq| mGZGiv kZGKi ˆkl w`GK ˆKvÁ·vwbi KvhÆò×g cwøg DcK„j ˆ^GK cƒeÆ DcK„Gj Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nq ‰es dGj evsjv nGq IGV meÆvGcÞv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ ˆÞò| AvVvGiv kZGKi ˆMvovi w`K ˆ^GK Avie wek¼, cvimÅ mvgËvRÅ, gyMj mvgËvRÅ, `wÞY-cƒeÆ ‰wkqvi ivRÅmgƒn ‰es Pxb mvgËvRÅ ˆKvÁ·vwbi KvhÆò×Ggi A¯¦fzÆî× nq| eÅemvGq igigv AeÕ©v mGî½I gybvdvi e†nr Ask PGj ˆhZ ˆKvÁ·vwbi KgÆPvixG`i eÅwî×MZ eÅemvi LvGZ| ÷Í• KgÆKZÆvG`i mvG^ weev`-wemÁ¼v` ˆjGM ^vKvi KviGY weivU AsGKi A^Æ eÅq KiGZ nGZv| evsjvi evwYRÅKzwV gv`ËvR KZ‡ÆcGÞi wbq¯¨Ygyî× Kiv nq ‰es eÅwî×MZ eÅemv e®¬ Kivi DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nq| DGÍÏL Kiv hvq ˆh, gyMj KgÆKZÆviv evsjvq ˆKvÁ·vwbi eÅemvGK ài‚Z½ mnKvGi evav cÉ`vb KGi wb| AeGkGl ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ gyMjG`i wei‚G«¬ hy«¬ ÷i‚ Kivi msKÍ¸ eÅî× KGi| 1686 mvGji ˆMvovi w`GK KvwmgevRvi KzwVi KzwVqvj Re <PvYÆK> üMwjGZ cvwjGq hvb| ˆmLvGb ZLb kvGqÕ¦v LvGbi Ak¼vGivnx ŠmbÅiv BsGiR evwYRÅ KzwV `Lj KGi wKQymsLÅK BsGiR ŠmbÅGK ew±` KGi ˆiGLwQj| PvYÆK ZLb fvMxi^xi 26 gvBj fvwUGZ AewÕ©Z mƒZvbwU MÉvGg cvwjGq hvb|

PvYÆK eÅemvqx eigGji gvaÅGg bIqvGei KvGQ Zvi `vwe ˆck KGib| ‰ `vwei A¯¦fÆyî× wQj ‰KwU `yMÆ wbgÆvY, UvKkvj Õ©vcb ‰es ÷Í•gyî× eÅemvi myGhvM| ‰ mgGSvZvi cÉwò×qv PjvKvGj KÅvG¶Ÿb wnG^i ˆbZ‡GZ½ ‰KwU bZzb ˆbŒeni ‰Gm ˆcuŒGQ| wn^ I PvYÆK evjvGmvi Avò×gY KGib ‰es AvivKvGbi ivRvi mGã ˆRvUe«¬ nGq e±`i `Lj Kivi DGóGkÅ ˆbŒeni wbGq PëMÉvg AwfgyGL hvòv KGib| wK¯§ AvivKvbivR gyMjG`i ˆivlvbGj cov mgxPxb gGb KGib wb| dGj BsGiRG`i cwiKÍ¸bv eÅ^Æ nq| 1687 mvGji 16 AvMÕ¡ kvGqÕ¦v Lvb BsGiRG`i üMwjGZ Avmvi wbG`Æk ˆ`b| PvYÆK mƒZvbwUGZ wdGi AvGmb ‰es 1688 mvGji 8 bGfÁ¼i w«¼Zxq evGii gGZv Awfhvb cÉZÅvnvi KGib| cwøg fviGZ AvñmgcÆb Kivi KviGY 1689 mvGji ˆkl w`GK BsGiRG`i cÉwZ gyMj mgËvU Zuvi gGbvfve cwieZÆb KGib| 1690 mvGji 23 ‰wcÉj wZwb bZzb bIqve Beivwng LvbGK ‰ gGgÆ AvG`k ˆ`b ˆh, AbyZµ¦ BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwbGK ’cƒGeÆi gGZvB‘ eÅemvGq wdGi Avmvi AbygwZ ˆ`Iqv ˆhGZ cvGi| mgËvGUi AvG`k ˆgvZvGeK evwlÆK 3000 UvKvi wewbgGq Avg`vwb iµ¦vwb ÷Í• cÉ`vb ˆ^GK AeÅvnwZ géyi KGi Beivwng Lvb 1691 mvGji ˆdeË‚qvwiGZ ‰KwU ciIqvbv BsGiRG`i KvGQ ˆcÉiY KGib| wn^ I PvYÆK PëMÉvg AwaKvi KiGZ eÅ^Æ nGq 1690 mvGji AvMÕ¡ gvGm mƒZvbwUGZ wdGi AvGmb ‰es ZvG`i cƒGeÆi evwYRÅ KzwV a»smcÉvµ¦ ˆ`LGZ cvb| Zv mGî½I üMwjGZ hvevi RbÅ gv`ËvR KZ‡ÆcGÞi AvG`k AgvbÅ KGi PvYÆK ˆmLvGb AeÕ©vb Kivi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| BGZvgGaÅB myevn`vi üMwji `ygvBj fvwUGZ AewÕ©Z ‰KwU RvqMv, mÁ¿eZ Djyevwoqv, ZvG`i ˆ`Iqvi cÉÕ¦ve KGib| 1693 mvGji 10 Rvbyqvwi PvYÆK g†ZzÅeiY KGib|

ˆkvfv wmsn I iwng Lvb ‰i weG`ËvGni dGj m†Ó¡ cwiwÕ©wZi myGhvGM BDGivcxqiv ZvG`i KzwVàwjGK `yMÆ «¼viv myiwÞZ Kivi KvR ÷i‚ KGi| BsGiRiv wKQy cÉfvekvjx eÅwî×GK ZvG`i `yMÆGewÓ¡Z Õ©vGb AvkÉq ˆ`q| ‰ Õ©vbwUB cieZÆxKvGj ˆdvUÆ DBwjqg ‰i ˆK±`Êwe±`y nGq IGV| 1697 mvGji ˆkl w`GK ‰ ‰jvKv ˆ^GK weG`ËvnxG`i weZvoGbi ci BsGiRiv Lvwjmv f„LGíi wZbwU MÉvg mƒZvbwU, ˆMvwe±`cyi I w`wn KjKvZv LvRbvi wewbgGq eG±`veÕ¦ wbGZ Pvq| Rwg`viMY cÉ^g w`GK ‰GZ AÕ¼xK‡wZ RvbvGjI ˆkl chÆ¯¦ myevn`vi kvnRv`v AvwRgyóxb ZvG`i eywSGq mywRGq Zv ˆgGb wbGZ ivwR Kivb| 1698 mvGji 9 bGfÁ¼i 1300 wmØvi‚cx cwiGkva KGi eqbvgv ev ò×Gqi `wjj Õ¼vÞwiZ nq| ‰ wZbwU MÉvGgi evwlÆK LvRbv avhÆ Kiv nq 1195 UvKv 6 Avbv|

H mgq chÆ¯¦ mƒZvbwUi ˆh Rwg BsGiRiv AŠeafvGe `Lj KGi ˆiGLwQj Zv ‰Lb wewamÁÃZ Kiv nGjv| 1717 mvGji digvGb BsGiR KZ‡ÆK Rwg`viG`i ˆ`Iqv ˆh ÞwZcƒiGYi cGivÞ DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq Zv ˆgvGUI mbvZb c«¬wZ wQj bv| Zv mGî½I ‰wU wQj ZvjyK`vwi Õ¼Z½ (Rwg`vwi Õ¼Z½ bq) ‰es BsGiRiv KvhÆZ ˆ`Gki AvBGbi AvIZvq ‰Gm hvq| ˆmKviGY 1699 mvGji bÅvq cÉvqkB ‰KRb KvRx ˆcÉiGYi K^v DVZ| A‹ea `Lj`vi wnGmGe BsGiRiv 1694 mvj ˆ^GK ˆmLvGb Õ©vwcZ ˆ`vKvbàwj ˆ^GK Ki Av`vq KiZ|

cÉ^g ˆ^GKB ˆKvÁ·vwbi j´£b KZ‡ÆcÞ ZvG`i mvgwMÉK eÅq wbeÆvn ‰es ˆm mvG^ Askx`viG`i A^Æ cÉ`vGbi cÉGqvRGb Ki Av`vGqi RbÅ mƒZvbwU cÉwZwbwaG`i ZvwM` w`Gq AvmwQj| 1698 ˆ^GK 1714 mvj chÆ¯¦ ˆhLvGb ‘Rgv’ AcwiewZÆZ wQj, ˆm AeÕ©vq 1704 mvj bvMv` LvRbv e†w«¬ ˆcGq `uvwoGqwQj 5,760 UvKvq| 1710 mvGji gGaÅ ‰ LvRbv 16,500 UvKvq e†w«¬ cvq| 1710 ˆ^GK 1720 mvGji gGaÅ ‰ DGóGkÅ wbGqvMK‡Z Ki msMÉnKvixG`i Av`vqK‡Z Ki e†w«¬ ˆcGq cÉvq 230%-‰ `uvovq| ˆKvÁ·vwb dmGji djb wbweÆGkGl weNvcÉwZ 3 UvKv Ki AvGivc KGi| ‰ eÅeÕ©v wQj gyMjG`i Ki c«¬wZ ˆ^GK wf®²Zi, ˆKbbv gyMjiv ÷ay dmGji DciB Ki AvGivc KiZ| `vm wewò×i Dci `vmcÉwZ 4 UvKv 4 Avbv nvGi KivGivcmn cÉGZÅKwU ò×qK‡Z I wewò×Z `ËGeÅi DciI ˆKvÁ·vwb Ki avhÆ KGi| evwoi Dci 5% nvGi Ki AvGivc Kiv nGqwQj ‰es ˆckvRxex gvbyl I eËvþYmn mKj KvwiMiGKB Ki cÉ`vb KiGZ nGZv| AvVvGiv kZGKi weGki `kK ˆ^GK ‰ Ki Av`vGqi BRviv ˆ`Iqv nq hw`I ˆmLvGb ‘wRwRqv’ Ki AvGivc Kiv nGqwQj| ‰me Ki wQj gyMj KieÅeÕ©v ˆ^GK wf®²Zi|

evsjv ˆ^GK BsGiRG`i iµ¦vwb cGYÅi A¯¦fzÆî× wQj cÉavbZ ˆmviv, eÕ¨, KuvPv ˆikg, Zzjvi mƒZv ‰es wPwbi gGZv fvix cYÅ hv RvnvR wÕ©i ivLGZ mvnvhÅ KiZ| 1652 mvGj ˆhLvGb wewbGqvM wQj KgGewk 7000 wjfvmÆ, AvVvGiv kZGKi ÷i‚GZ Zv e†w«¬ ˆcGq `uvovq 3,36,973 wjfvmÆ hvGZ BDGivGc evsjvi mÕ¦v cGYÅi ò×geaÆgvb Pvwn`v cÉwZdwjZ nq| ˆKvÁ·vwbi Avg`vwb cGYÅi gGaÅ wQj cÉavbZ ˆmvbvi…cvi evi, gkjv, ckwgeÕ¨ I ebvZ (ckwg ˆgvUv Kvco)| ‰G`i gGaÅ cÉ^g `ywU cYÅB wQj meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| KvwmgevRvi wQj Avg`vwb cGYÅi meÆcÉavb ˆK±`Ê| cieZÆx mgGq Avg`vwb cGYÅi ˆK±`Ê wnGmGe MGo IGV gvj`n, XvKv I üMwj|

1715 mvGji Rvbyqvwi gvGm ˆKvÁ·vwb gyMj mgËvGUi wbKU ˆ^GK ‰KwU ‘nvme’-Dj-üKzg jvf KGi| ‰ AvG`k «¼viv ˆKvÁ·vwbGK AvIiãGRe ‰i mgGqi gGZvB AevGa evwYRÅ Kivi myGhvM ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰ mgq ˆKvÁ·vwb ‰KwU ‘digvb’ jvGfi AvGe`b Rvbvq ‰es Rb mvigÅvGbi ˆbZ‡GZ½ w`wÍÏGZ ‰KwU cÉwZwbwa`j cvVvq| 1717 mvGji 1 ˆdeË‚qvwi ‰ cÉwZwbwa`j ’digvb‘ jvGf mg^Æ nq ‰es ‰GZ cƒGeÆKvi mKj myGhvM myweav envj ^vGK| ˆKvÁ·vwbGK 38wU MÉvg ò×q Kivi AbygwZ ˆ`Iqv nq ‰es ‰KwU KzwV Õ©vcGbi RbÅ 40 weNv Rwg cÉ`vb Kiv nq| myevn`vi gywkÆ`Kzjx Lvb ZvG`i AevGa UvKkvj eÅenvGii AwaKvi ˆ`b wb, ˆhGnZz ‰ eÅvcvGi digvGb ˆKvb myÕ·Ó¡ eî×eÅ wQj bv| wZwb bZzb MÉvg ò×GqI evav cÉ`vb KGib| ˆKej 1754 mvGj njIGqj evwlÆK 2,281 UvKv ivRGÕ¼i wewbgGq wmwgwjqv bvgK Õ©vGb mw®²wnZ Rwg ˆcGZ mg^Æ nb| cjvkxi hy«¬i ci 1758 mvGji wWGmÁ¼Gi cÉ^g evGii gGZv KjKvZv kni webv LvRbvq ˆfvM `LGji RbÅ gxiRvdi ˆKvÁ·vwbGK ‰KwU mb` géyi KGib|

1757 mvGji 9 ˆdeË‚qvwi BsGiR I wmivRDGóŒjvi gGaÅ mÁ·vw`Z Pzwî×GZ wmivRDGóŒjv BsGiRG`i wei‚G«¬ ˆKvb `dv A¯¦fzÆî× KGib wb ev Õ¼vaxbfvGe UvKkvj eÅenvi ‰es digvGb cÉ`î AbygwZ ˆgvZvGeK MÉvgàwji eÅenvi AbyGgv`b KGib wb| gxiRvdGii mvG^ 3 Ryb 1757 mvGj mÁ·vw`Z Pzwî×i dGj BsGiRiv Kvjwc chÆ¯¦ ZvG`i Rwg`vwi mÁ·ÉmvwiZ Kiv QvovI ‰mKj myweav jvf KGi| ‰ mgGq Rwg`viMY ˆKvb ÞwZcƒiY cvb wb| gvò 2,22,958 UvKv 10 Avbv 2 cqmv 3 cvB-‰i wewbgGq cÉ`î ‰KwU mb` eGj ˆKvÁ·vwbGK 24 ciMbvq Rwg`vwi wnGmGe bZzb Rwg cÉ`vb Kiv nq, KÑvBGfi gGZ hvi gƒjÅ wQj `k jÞ UvKvi AwaK| 1765 mvGji 23 Ryb gxiRvdi KÑvBfGK 24 ciMYvq RvqwMi cÉ`vb KGib ‰es cGi ‰KwU digvb «¼viv ‰ RvqwMiGK `k eQGii RbÅ AbyGgv`b Kiv nq|

cjvkx hyG«¬i ci gxiRvdi BsGiRG`i ‰K ˆKvwU mvZvîi jÞ UvKv ÞwZcƒiY ˆ`b ‰es 53 jÞ 90 nvRvi UvKv Aby`vb cÉ`vb Kivi AãxKvi KGib ˆh RbÅ ZuvGK Zuvi gwbgyî×v e®¬K ivLGZ nq| 1760 mvGji Pzwî× Abyhvqx <gxi Kvwmg> eaÆgvb, ˆgw`bxcyi I PëMÉvGgi ivRÕ¼-Avq BsGiRG`i cÉ`vb KGib| wK¯§ ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ ‰ bZzb myweav cvIqv mGî½I Am¯§Ó¡ wQj| MfbÆi wnGmGe KÑvBf bIqvGei mvG^ 1765 mvGji 19 AvMÕ¡ ‰K Pzwî× mÁ·v`b KGib| ‰ Pzwî×gGZ bIqve mgËvUGK 2,16, 666 UvKv 10 Avbv 9 cqmv cÉ`vb KGib ‰es cÉwZ`vGb mgËvU kvn Avjg BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwbGK Avg`vwb-iµ¦vwb ÷Ó• cÉ`vb ˆ^GK AeÅvnwZ w`Gq evsjv, wenvi, DwolÅvi ˆ`Iqvb wbGqvM KGib| 1765 mvGji 30 AGÙvei KÑvBf bIqve bvRgyGóŒjvi mGã Aci ‰KwU Pzwî× mÁ·v`b KGib| ‰ Pzwî×gGZ bvRgyGóŒjv ‘wbRvgZ’-‰i RbÅ 53,86,131 UvKv 9 Avbv fvZv MÉnGY ivwR nb| BsGiRG`i «¼viv wbGqvMK‡Z ‰KRb KgÆPvix eÅq wbq¯¨Y KiZ|

1765 mvGj BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwb ˆ`Gk cwicƒYÆ cÉvavbÅ weÕ¦vi KGi| KjKvZv wQj ivRÕ¼-gyî× ivqwZ Õ¼Z½ ‰es Z`msj™² 24 ciMbvq ˆKvÁ·vwbi wQj Rwg`vwi KZ‡ÆZ½| AwcÆZ ˆRjvàwjGZ ˆKvÁ·vwb mivmwi ivRÕ¼KvhÆ cwiPvjbv KiZ ‰es ˆdŒR`vwi gvgjv eÅZxZ miKvGii hveZxq KvhÆ mÁ·v`b KiZ| ˆKvÁ·vwb wQj evsjvi AewkÓ¡ AsGki `xDqvb| mgËvGUi ‘`ievGi’ wbGqvwRZ BsGiR ˆiwmGW´Ÿ mKj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ welq mgvavb KiGZb| `xDqvb wnGmGe ˆKvÁ·vwb f„wg ivRÕ¼ eÅeÕ©vcbv, Avg`vwb-iµ¦vwb ÷Í• Av`vq ‰es Avw^ÆK eÅq wbq¯¨Y KiZ| evsjvq BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwbi evwYwRÅK cÉvavbÅ wQj cÉk²vZxZ|

1766 mvGji 17 ˆg ˆKvUÆ Ae WvBGiÙmÆ bZzb Pzwî×àwj AbyGgv`b KGi ‰es BsGiRiv evsjvq cÉavbZg kwî×GZ cwiYZ nq| cjvkx hyG«¬i ci gxiRvdGii ‰K ˆKvwU wòk jÞ UvKvi AK‡cY Aby`vGbi eG`ŒjGZ ˆKvÁ·vwbi wewbGqvM weÕÃqKifvGe ˆeGo hvq| AwaK¯§ AwcÆZ ˆRjvàwj ˆ^GK evwlÆK cçvk jÞ UvKvi ‰es KjKvZv I 24 ciMbvi Rwg`vwii Avq wgGj BsGiRG`i nvGZ cÉPzi A^Æ mgvMg nq| axGi axGi ˆmvbv-i…cvi Avg`vwb e®¬ nGq hvq ‰es evsjv ‰KvavGi KuvPvgvGji ˆhvMvb`vi I BsjÅvG´£i ŠZix cGYÅi evRvGi cwiYZ nq|

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