BIR
LjRx
(609-624 wn./ 1212-1227 wLË.) 1212 ˆ^GK 1227 wLËÓ¡võ chƯ¦ gymwjg ivRÅ, jLGbŒwZi myjZvb wQGjb|
Zuvi cÉK‡Z bvg ümvgyóxb BIR LjRx| wZwb wQGjb üGmBb-‰i cyò ‰es Dîi AvdMvwbÕ¦vGbi
Migwki-‰i ‰K bMYÅ evwm±`v| Kw^Z AvGQ, cÉ^g RxeGb wZwb gvjevnx Mvavi
PvjK wnGmGe `ƒieZÆx Õ©vGb gvjvgvj ˆcuŒGQ w`GZb| ‰gwb ‰K mdGi wZwb KGqKRb
`iGekGK Lv`Å I cvwb w`Gq ZzÓ¡ KGib ‰es Zuviv, ZuvGK AvkxeÆv` KGi fviZeGlÆ
ˆhGZ wbG`Æk ˆ`b|
cw^gGaÅ eLwZqvi
LjRxi mGã Zuvi mvÞvr NGU ‰es Zuviv 1195 wLËÓ¡vGõ fviGZ ˆcuŒGQb| eLwZqvGii
mnKvix wnGmGe wZwb D`¯¦cyi wenvi RGq AMÉYx f„wgKv cvjb KGib| wenvGi
Zuvi exiZ½cƒYÆ Ae`vb eLwZqvGii `†wÓ¡ AvKlÆY KGi| jLGbŒwZ weRGqi ci BIGRi
exiGZ½i Õ¼xK‡wZÕ¼i…c eLwZqvi ZuvGK ˆ`eGKvU-‰i `wÞYcƒGeÆ AewÕ©Z KvGãvixi
RvqwMi cÉ`vb KGib|
eLwZqvGii
g†ZzÅ Zuvi AaÕ¦b cÉwZwbwaG`i gGaÅ A¯¦«¼ÆG±«¼i R¯Ã ˆ`q| ‰gwb ‰K msKUgq
gynƒGZÆ myjZvb KzZzeDóxb AvBeGKi wbG`ÆGk AGhvaÅvi MfbÆi KvGqgvR i‚gx
evsjv Avò×gY KGib| ivRbxwZGZ ævbmÁ·®² BIR mgËvGUi evwnbxGK Õ¼vMZ Rvbvb|
i‚gx mdjZvi mGã evsjv AwaKvi KGi BIRGK w`wÍÏi Aaxb mvg¯¦ wbhyî× KGi
AGhvaÅvq cÉZÅveZÆb KGib| Avjx g`Ævb LjRx 1210 wLËÓ¡vGõ w`wÍÏi mvjZvbvGZi
Aaxb evsjvi fvBmiq wnGmGe cybivq `vwqZ½ cvjGbi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ BIR ‰ cG`
Avmxb wQGjb| Zuvi AvMgGbi ci BIR cÉG`Gki kvmbfvi Zuvi wbKU bÅÕ¦ KGi
Õ¼xq KgÆÕ©Gj cÉZÅveZÆb KGib| A͸w`Gbi gGaÅB Avjx g`ÆvGbi KGVvi bxwZi
dGj ivGRÅ Zuvi wei‚G«¬ AmG¯¦vl ˆ`Lv ˆ`q| ‰ cwiwÕ©wZi myGhvM wbGq BIR
Am¯§Ó¡ LjRx AgvZÅG`i msMwVZ KGi Avjx g`ÆvbGK nZÅv KGib ‰es 1212 wLËÓ¡vGõ
myjZvb wMqvmDóxb BIR LjRx Dcvwa aviY KGi evsjvi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGib|
AwZ
A͸KvGji gGaÅB BIR LjRx jLGbŒwZGZ Zuvi ÞgZv my`†p KGib| Avjx g`Ævb KZ‡ÆK
wbeÆvwmZ cÉfvekvjx LjRx AgvZÅG`i wZwb ˆWGK cvVvb, ZvG`iGK ÞwZcƒiY cÉ`vb
KGib ‰es ZzwKÆ ŠmbÅG`i wbGRi cGÞ wbGZ mÞg nb| Zuvi M†nxZ cÉv^wgK c`GÞcàwji
gGaÅ AbÅZg wQj ˆ`eGKvU nGZ jLGbŒwZGZ (ˆMŒo) ivRavbx cybtÕ©vbv¯¦wiZ KGi
‰LvGb mÁ·ƒYÆ bZzb ‰KwU bMGii cîb NUvGbv| ˆmmgq bMiwUi cwøgcvk w`Gq b`x
cÉevwnZ wQj| BIR ivRavbxi Aci wZbw`GK gvwUi ˆKÍÏv wbgÆvYcƒeÆK cÉwZiÞvi
eÅeÕ©v KGib| ‰KB DGóGkÅ ivRavbxi mw®²KGU evmbGKvGU `yMÆ wbgÆvY KGib|
b`xeüj evsjvi RbÅ ˆbŒevwnbxi ài‚Z½ meÆcÉ^g BIRB Dcjwº¬ KGib ‰es ˆh ˆKvb
cÉKvi Avò×gY cÉwZnZ Kivi RbÅ wZwb ˆbŒevwnbx MVb KGib| cÉwZiÞv I cÉkvmwbK
myweavG^Æ Mãv I AbÅvbÅ b`xGZ euva I ˆdixi eÅeÕ©v KGi wZwb ivRavbxi mGã
mxgv¯¦ Açj ˆ`eGKvU I jLGbŒi mshyî× KGib| evwlÆK ebÅvi Kej nGZ ivRÅ iÞvG^Æ
wZwb AGbKàwj Lvj Lbb KGib ‰es Õ©vGb Õ©vGb wLjvbhyî× ˆmZz wbgÆvY KGib|
jLGbŒwZGZ
kvw¯¦ Õ©vcGbi ci BIR LjRx `wÞY I cƒGeÆ ivRÅ weÕ¦vGi gGbvwbGek KGib|
wgbnvR-B-wmivGRi gGZ, wZwb jLGbŒi Rq KGi Zv wbR ivGRÅi mGã hyî× KGib
‰es eümsLÅK nvwZ, cÉPzi abmÁ·` I ˆmLvbKvi ivRGKvl AwaKvi KGi ˆbb| wZwb
ˆmLvGb Zuvi Avgxi wbGqvM KGib| RvRbMi, eã, Kvgi…c, wòüZ cÉf‡wZ cÉwZGekx
ivRÅMywj wMqvmDóxb BIR LjRxGK Ki cÉ`vb KiZ eGj AbywgZ nq|
myjZvb
wMqvmDóxb BIR LjRx wbR bvGg LyZev cvV I gy`Ëv cÉPjb KGib| wZwb myjZvb
BjZzrwgGki wecixGZ Zuvi mveÆGfŒgZ½GK my`†p Kivi jGÞÅ wZwb ˆNvGii kvmKG`i
mGã Õ¼xq mÁ·KÆ cÉ`kÆGbi ˆPÓ¡v KGib| AwaK¯§ wZwb Zuvi gy`Ëvq evM`vG`i
Lwjdvi bvgvâY KGib| Õ©vbxq RbMGYi `†wÓ¡GZ wbGRi AeÕ©vb D®²xZ KGi wbGRGK
w`wÍÏi myjZvGbi mgKÞ cÉZxqgvb Kivi jGÞÅB wZwb gy`Ëvq Lwjdvi bvg AswKZ
KGib| ˆ`Gk BmjvGgi D®²wZ weavGbi RbÅI wZwb KvhÆKi eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KGib|
gy`Ëvq wZwb wbGRGK ‘wek¼vmxG`i ˆbZvi mvnvhÅKvix’ wnGmGe ˆNvlYv ˆ`b|
wZwb we«¼vbG`i c†Ó¤GcvlKZv KGib ‰es ˆek KGqKwU gmwR` wbgÆvY KGib| Djvgv,
gvkvGqL ‰es Šmq`G`i gGaÅ Dîg eÅwî×G`i wZwb fvZv cÉ`vb KGib|
evsjvi
cÉwZ w`wÍÏi myjZvbG`i `†wÓ¡fwã meÆ`vB wQj mG±`ncƒYÆ| Avi ZvB Õ¼vaxb
kvmKi…Gc BIGRi KgÆKvGí BjZzrwgk Am¯§Ó¡ nb| Afů¦ixY wek†›Ljv ‰es ˆgvãj
Avò×gY nGZ AeÅvnwZ jvGfi ci ciB BjZzrwgk wekvj ŠmbÅevwnbx wbGq wenvi
I evsjv Õ¼xq AwaKvGi ˆbIqvi RbÅ AMÉmi nb| 1225 mvGj webv evavq wZwb
wenvi AwaKvi KGib| BIR ‰ AwfhvGbi msev` ˆcGq ivRKxq evwnbx hvGZ Mãv
AwZò×g KiGZ bv cvGi ˆm DGóGkÅ wbGRi ˆmbv I ˆbŒevwnbx wbGq ivRavbx nGZ
AMÉmi nb| mÁ¿eZ ivRgnj cvnvGoi ˆZwjqvMwo wMwicG^ wZwb ivRKxq evwnbxGK
evav cÉ`vb KGib| wgbnvGRi gGZ, ‰LvGb DfqcGÞi gGaÅ mw®¬ nq| mw®¬i kZÆvbymvGi,
BIR myjZvbGK ÞwZ cƒiYÕ¼i…c 80 jÞ gy`Ëv, AvUwòkwU nvwZ cÉ`vGb mÁÃZ nb|
wZwb w`wÍÏi myjZvGbi AaxbZv Õ¼xKvi KGi Zuvi bvGg LyZev cvV I gy`Ëv Rvwi
KiGZI Õ¼xK‡Z nb| AbÅw`GK, BIR jLGbŒwZ kvmGbi AbygwZ jvf KGib|
AvjvDóxb
gvmy` RvbxGK wenvGii kvmbKZÆv wbhyî× KGi BjZzrwgk w`wÍÏGZ cÉZÅveZÆb
KGib| wK¯§ Zuvi ‰ cÉZÅveZÆGbi mvG^ mvG^B BIR AvjvDóxb RvbxGK wenvi nGZ
weZvwoZ KGi AviI wKQy`ƒi AMÉmi nb| BIR LjRx mgÅK Dcjwº¬ KGib ˆh, BjZzrwgk
cybivq evsjv Avò×gY KiGeb| BGZvgGaÅ wn±`yG`i weG`ËvGni dGj AGhvaÅvq
‰K wek†sLj cwiwÕ©wZi D«¿e nq| weG`Ëvn `gb KiGZ BjZzrwgk Zuvi ˆRÅÓ¤ cyò
bvwmi‚óxb gvngy`GK AGhvaÅvq ˆcÉiY KGib| AGhvaÅvq Õ¼vfvweK cwiwÕ©wZ wdwiGq
AvbGZ ivRcyGòi ˆek wKQy mgq jvMGe Abygvb KGi BIR Zuvi ivRavbx AiwÞZ
ˆiGLB 1227 mvGj cƒeÆ evsjv Avò×gGY AMÉmi nb| ‰w`GK bvwmi‚óxb AGhvaÅv
nGZ evsjvq AvKwÕÃK Avò×gY Pvjvb| BIR wÞcÉMwZGZ cÉZÅveZÆb KGi jLGbŒwZi
wbKU w`wÍÏ evwnbxi mGã Lí hyG«¬ wjµ¦ nb wK¯§ civRq eiY KGib| ‰iB mGã
evsjvq gymwjg kvmb mycÉwZwÓ¤Z KiGYi ˆÞGò AMÉYx f„wgKv cvjbKvix eÅwî×Z½
myjZvb wMqvmDóxb BIR LjRxi ZvrchÆcƒYÆ I MVbgƒjK kvmbKvGji Aemvb NGU|
[‰.we.‰g kvgmyóxb Avng`]