Avnmvb gwéj  eywoMãv b`xi ZxGi KzgviUzwj ‰jvKvq XvKvi bIqveG`i AvevwmK cÉvmv` I Rwg`vwii m`i KvPvwi| eZÆgvGb Rv`yNi| Kw^Z AvGQ, gyMj AvgGj ‰LvGb Rvgvjcyi (dwi`cyi, ewikvj) ciMbvi Rwg`vi ˆkL ‰bvGqZDÍÏvni iOgnj wQj| cGi Zuvi cyò gwZDÍÏvni wbKU ˆ^GK iOgnjwU divwmiv ò×q KGi ‰LvGb ‰KwU evwYRÅ KzwV Õ©vcb KGi|

1830 mvGj LvRv AvjxgyÍÏvn divwmG`i wbKU ˆ^GK KzwVevwowU wKGb ˆbb ‰es cÉGqvRbxq msÕ•vi mvab KGi ‰wU wbGRi evmfeGb cwiYZ KGib| ‰ evmfebGK ˆK±`Ê KGi LvRv Ave`yj Mwb gvwUÆb AÅv´£ ˆKvÁ·vwb bvgK ‰KwU BDGivcxq wbgÆvY I cÉGKŒkjx cÉwZÓ¤vbGK w`Gq ‰KwU gvÕ¡vi µÏÅvb ŠZwi KGib hvi cÉavb BgviZ wQj Avnmvb gwéj| ‰i bvgKiY nGqGQ Zuvi cyò LvRv AvnmvbyÍÏvn-i bvGg| 1859 mvGj Avnmvb gwéGji wbgÆvY KvR ÷i‚ nGq 1872 mvGj mgvµ¦ nq|

Avnmvb gwéj gGWj 1888

H hyGM bewbwgÆZ cÉvmv` febwU iOgnj ‰es cƒGeÆKvi febwU A±`ignj bvGg cwiwPZ wQj| 1888 mvGj 7 ‰wcÉGj cÉej NywYÆSGo Avnmvb gwéGji eÅvcK ÞwZmvab nq, weGkl KGi A±`ignjwU ‰GKevGi ˆfGã cGo| bIqve AvnmvbyÍÏvn A±`ignjwU cybwbÆgÆvY KGib ‰es iOgnjwUI ˆgivgZ KGib| ‰ ˆgivgZ KvGRi RbÅ ivbxMé ˆ^GK D®²Z gvGbi BU Avbv nq| ˆgivgZ KgÆ cwiPvjbv KGib cÉGKŒkjx ˆMvwe±` P±`Ê ivq| iOgnjwUi Dci eZÆgvGb ˆh my`†kÅ MÁ¼yR iGqGQ Zv ‰ mgq msGhvRb Kiv nq| 1897 mvGji 12 RyGbi f„wgKGÁ· Avevi Avnmvb gwéGji AGbK ÞwZ nq| ZGe cGi bIqve AvnmvbyÍÏvn Zv msÕ•vi KGi wbGqwQGjb| Avnmvb gwéj ˆ`Gki ‰KwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Õ©vcZÅ wb`kÆb|

w«¼Zj AvKvGi wbwgÆZ gƒj cÉvmv` febwU 125.4 wg × 28.75wg AvqZb ‰es 1 wgUvi DœP ˆew`i Dci Õ©vwcZ| wbPZjvq ˆgGS ˆ^GK Qv` chƯ¦ DœPZv 5 wgUvi ‰es ˆ`vZjvq 5.8 wgUvi| cÉvmv`wUi Dîi I `wÞY Dfq w`GK ‰KZjvi mgvb DuPz KGi Mvwo eviv±`v| `wÞY w`GKi Mvwo eviv±`vi Dci w`Gq ˆ`vZjvi eviv±`v ˆ^GK ‰KwU mye†nr ˆLvjv wmuwo mÁÃyLÕ© evMvb w`Gq b`xi wKbvi chƯ¦ ˆbGg ˆMGQ|
	Avnmvb gwéj

wmuwoi mvgGb evMvGb ‰KwU ˆdvqviv wQj hv eZÆgvGb ˆbB| cÉvmvG`i Dfq Zjvi Dîi I `wÞY w`GK AaÆe†îvKvi wLjvb mnGhvGM cÉkÕ¦ eviv±`v| eviv±`v I KÞàwji ˆgGS gvGeÆj cv^Gi ˆkvwfZ|

Avnmvb gwéGji MÁ¼yRwU wbgÆvGYi RbÅ cÉ^Gg wbPZjvi eMÆvKvi KÞwUi Pvi ˆKvYvq BU w`Gq fivU KGi ˆMvjvKvi i…c ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| ‰i Dci ˆ`vZjvq wbwgÆZ Abyi…c ˆMvjvKvi KGÞi DaÆvsGk Õ•zBç-‰i gvaÅGg QvG`i KvGQ KÞwUGK AÓ¡fzRvK‡wZi Kiv nGqGQ| ‰ AÓ¡GKvY i…cwUB QvG`i Dci DGV MÁ¼yGRi wccvq cwiYZ nGqGQ| cwiGkGl AÓ¡evüi mƒPÅMÉ gv^vàwjGK ˆKG±`Êi w`GK ò×gk ˆnwjGq P„ovGZ wbGq Kzgy` Kwji AvKvGii MÁ¼yRwU ŠZwi Kiv nGqGQ| f„wg ˆ^GK MÁ¼yR kxGlÆi DœPZv 27.13 wgUvi|

Afů¦ifvGM MÁ¼yGRi `ycvGk¼Æ febwUGK `ywU mymg AsGk wefî× Kiv hvq| ˆ`vZjvq cƒeÆ w`GK iGqGQ e†n`vKvi WÈBs i‚g| ‰i DîGi jvBGeËwi I KvWÆi‚g ‰es cƒe ÆcÉvG¯¦ 4wU eMÆvKvi KÞ| ˆ`vZjvq cwøg w`GK AvGQ e†n`vKvi RjmvNi, ‰i DîGi wn±`yÕ©vbx KÞ ‰es cwøg cÉvG¯¦ 4wU eMÆvKvi KÞ| WÈBs i‚g I RjmvNGii QvG` KvGVi ŠZix fGΟW wmwjs LyeB PgrKvi| ‰ KÞ `ywUi ˆgGSi Dcwi AveiY KvGVi cvUvZGbi ŠZix| wbP Zjvq cƒeÆvsGk iGqGQ e†n`vKvi WvBwbs nj I QqwU eMÆvKvi KÞ| cwøgvsGk iGqGQ e†nr `ievi nj| ‰i DîGi wewjqvWÆ KÞ| WvBwbs I `ievi nGji ˆgGS mv`v, meyR, njy` cÉf‡wZ iGOi Pxbv Uvwj «¼viv AjsK‡Z| wbPZjvq cwøg cÉvG¯¦ wbwgÆZ 5wU KGÞi gaÅeZÆxwU weLÅvZ Õ¡Ës i‚g ˆhLvGb bIhveG`i gƒjevb mvgMÉx msiwÞZ ^vKZ|

MÁ¼yR KGÞi Dîi cvGki KÞwUGZ iGqGQ AvKlÆYxq KvGVi wmuwo| wmuwowUi ˆiwjs-‰ Avsài jZv mÁ¼†«¬ ˆjvnvi ŠZix eÅvjvÕ¡vi ‰es RÅvwgwZK bKkv mg†«¬ KvGVi wmwjswU LyeB wPîvKlÆK| bIqveG`i ˆMŒiegq w`bàwjGZ ‰ wmuwo KGÞ ˆmvbv w`Gq euvavBK‡Z ‰KwU wfwRUi eyK ivLv ^vKZ| cÉvmvG` AvMZ MYÅgvbÅ eÅwî×eMÆ ZvGZ ZuvG`i g¯¦eÅ wjLGZb|

cÉvmv` KGÞi ˆ`qvjàwj cÉvq 0.78 wgUvi cyi‚| AaÆe†îvKvi wLjvGbi gvaÅGg `iRvàwj Õ©vwcZ| `iRvàwjGZ wfZi cvÍÏvq bvbv iGOi KuvP ‰es ewncÆvÍÏvq KvGVi LoLwo jvMvGbv wQj| KÞàwji Qv` KvGVi KwoeiMvi Dci wbwgÆZ|

w«¼Zj A±`ignjwU iOgnGji ˆPGq mvgvbÅ Kg DœPZv wewkÓ¡| ZGe ‰i Dfq Zjvq `wÞY w`GK wbwgÆZ cÉkÕ¦ eviv±`v ‰es QvG`i Dci wbwgÆZ cÅvivGcU iOgnGji cvGk gvbvbmB i…c w`GqGQ| ‰ feGbi Qv` wbgÆvGY ˆjvnvi Kwo-eiMv eÅen…Z nGqGQ|

Avnmvb gwéj ‰gb ‰KwU Õ©vcZÅ hvi mGã evsjvi BwZnvGmi ˆek wKQyUv AaÅvq RwoZ| Dwbk kZGKi ˆkl fvM ˆ^GK cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g ceÆ chƯ¦ cÉvq ‰Kk eQi aGi ‰ feb ˆ^GKB cƒeÆ evsjvi gymjgvbG`i ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ| cçvGqZ cÉavb wnGmGe XvKvi bIqveMY cÉvq cÉwZw`b ‰LvGb mvwjwk `ievi emvGZb| gymwjg Õ¼vZG¯¨Å wek¼vmx bIqve AvnmvbyÍÏvni c†Ó¤GcvlKZvq ‰LvGb KsGMÉm weGivax eü mfv mwgwZ nq| weËwUk fviGZi ˆhme fvBmiq, MfbÆi I ˆjt MfbÆi XvKvq ‰GmGQb, ZuvG`i mevB ‰LvGb AvMgb KGiGQb| 1874 mvGj bIqve Ave`yj Mwbi `vGb XvKvq RjKGji wfwî Õ©vcGbi RbÅ eojvU b^ÆeË‚K XvKvq ‰Gm ‰ cÉvmvG` mv®¬Å mGÁÃjGb ˆhvM ˆ`b| 1888 mvGj jWÆ Wvdwib XvKvq ‰Gm Avnmvb gwéGji AvwZ^Å MÉnY KGib| eãwefvM cwiK͸bvi cÉwZ Rbmg^Æb Av`vGqi jGÞÅ 1904 mvGj jWÆ KvRÆb cƒeÆeã mdGi ‰Gm 18 I 19 ˆdeË‚qvwi ‰ cÉvmvG` AeÕ©vb KGib|

LvRv mwjgyÍÏvn-i hveZxq ivR‹bwZK KgÆKví ‰ cÉvmv`GK ˆK±`Ê KGiB nGqwQj| wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxGMi mƒwZKvMvi wnGmGe Avnmvb gwéj AvR BwZnvGmi Aã| XvKvi bIqveG`i cÉfve cÉwZcwî nËvGmi mGã mGã Avnmvb gwéGji ˆRŒjymI wÕ¦wgZ nGZ ^vGK| Rwg`vwi DGœQ` AvBGbi AvIZvq 1952 mvGj XvKv bIqve ‰GÕ¡U AwaMÉnY Kiv nGj A^ÆvfvGe bIqvGei DîivwaKvixG`i cGÞ ‰ cÉvmv` iÞYvGeÞY Kiv AmÁ¿e nGq cGo| Rwg`vwi AwaMÉnGYi ciciB LvRv nvweeyÍÏvn ‰ cÉvmv` ˆQGo cixevM MÉxb nvDGm emevm ÷i‚ KGib| Askx`viMY evQ wePvi bv KGi cÉvmvG`i KÞmgƒn fvov ˆ`Iqvq febwU a»sGmi w`GK ˆhGZ ^vGK| Kvjò×Gg A‹ea `Lj`vixiv Õ©vbwUGK ˆbvsiv ewÕ¦GZ cwiYZ KGi|

Avnmvb gwéGji HwZnvwmK I Õ©vcwZÅK ài‚Z½ Abyaveb KGi evsjvG`k miKvi febwUGK msÕ•vi KGi Rv`yNGi cwiYZ Kivi DG`ÅvM ˆbq| 1985 mvGj Avnmvb gwéj I msj™² PZ½i AwaMÉnY Kiv nq| MYcƒZÆ I Õ©vcZÅ Awa`µ¦Gii `vwqGZ½ ‰i msÕ•vi KvR mgvµ¦ nq 1992 mvGj| H eQi 20 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i ˆ^GK cÉvmv`wU evsjvG`k RvZxq Rv`yNi ‰i wbq¯¨GY Avbv nq ‰es ‰LvGb ‰KwU Rv`yNi Õ©vcb Kiv nq| 

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