অাশুেতাষ মুখাজী

Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆx (1864-1924) wkÞvwe`, KjKvZv nvBGKvGUÆi wePvicwZ I KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ‰i fvBm-PÅvG´Öji wQGjb| wZwb 1864 mvGji 29 Ryb KjKvZvi fevbxcyGi ˆmmgGqi wPwKrmK MãvcÉmv` gyLvRÆx I RMîvixbx ˆ`exi NGi R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| AvMvGMvov ˆgavex Qvò Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆx 1879 mvGj KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK ‰´ŸÈv´Ö cixÞvq DîxYÆ nb ‰es w«¼Zxq Õ©vb AwaKvi KGib|

wZwb 1884 mvGj ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö KGjR ˆ^GK wWwMÉ I 1885 mvGj MwYGZ ‰g.‰ cvm KGib| ‰i cGii eQGi wZwb c`v^Æwe`Åvq ‰g.‰ wWwMÉ jvf KGib| wZwb 1884 mvGj Ckvb e†wî jvf KGib ‰es 1886 mvGj ˆcÉgPuv` ivqPuv` e†wî (wc.Avi.‰m.) ARÆb KGib| Av¯¦RÆvwZK KZÆ†cÞ RÅvwgwZi Ici Zuvi KvGRi mxK‡wZ cÉ`vb KGi|

Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆx Õ¼vaxbGPZv gvbyl wQGjb| Zuvi RxeGbi cÉavb jÞÅ wQj KjKvZv nvB ˆKvGUÆi wePviK nIqv| 1888 mvGj wZwb we.‰j. wWwMÉ jvf KGib ‰es ZLb ˆ^GKB AvBb eÅemv ÷i‚ KGib| AvBb ˆckvi cvkvcvwk wZwb Zuvi AÅvKvGWwgK covGkvbv PvwjGq ˆhGZ ^vGKb| 1880 ˆ^GK 1890 mvGji gGaÅ wewf®² RvbÆvGj wZwb DœPZi MwYGZi Ici cÉvq wekwUi gGZv cÉe®¬ cÉKvk KGib|

Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆx

Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwkGqmb di w` KvjwUGfkb Ae mvGq´Ö-‰i mvG^ wZwb mwò×qfvGe mÁ·†î× wQGjb ‰es 1887 ˆ^GK 1891 mvGji gGaÅ wZwb MwYGZi Ici ‰KvwaK ˆjKPvi cÉ`vb KGib| Zuvi `ywU AmvaviY AÅvKvGWwgK Ae`vb nGjv 1893 mvGj cÉKvwkZ wRIGgwUÇ Ae ˆKvwYÝ ‰es 1898 mvGj cÉKvwkZ j Ae cviwcPzBwUm| 1908 mvGj wZwb KÅvjKvUv gÅvG^GgwUKÅvj ˆmvmvBwU cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| 1894 mvGj wZwb j’ ‰i Ici WÙGiU wWwMÉ jvf KGib ‰es 1898 mvGj UÅvGMvi j cÉGdmi nb| 1904 mvGj wZwb Zuvi KvwOÞZ KjKvZv nvB ˆKvGUÆ wePvicwZi cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb|

‰i AvGM wZwb KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ˆdGjv I 1889 mvGj ‰i wmw´£GKGUi m`GmÅi c` AjsK‡Z KGib| wZwb 1899 ˆ^GK 1903 mvj chÆ¯¦ KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi cÉwZwbwa wnGmGe evsjvi ˆjdGUbÅv´Ÿ MfbÆGii KvDw´ÖGji m`mÅ wQGjb| 1902 mvGj jWÆ KvRÆb ZuvGK wek¼we`Åvjq KwgkGbi m`mÅ wnGmGe wbhyî× KGib| 1906 mvGj wZwb KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi fvBm-PÅvG´Öji cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb ‰es 1914 mvj chÆ¯¦ wZwb ‰ `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib|

Zuvi fvBm-PÅvG´Öji wnGmGe ^vKvKvjxb mgMÉ mgqwU evsjvq Õ¼G`kxG`i eãfã weGivax AvG±`vjb wQj ZzGã| RvZxqev`xiv mgvGjvPbv KGi ˆh, KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq KZÆ†K wbqw¯¨Z JcwbGewkK wkÞv eÅeÕ©vq RbmÁ·G`i D®²qb I RvwZ MVGbi cvwicvwk¼ÆK AeÕ©v wQj bv| kZxkP±`Ê gyLvRÆxi gGZ ‰ cuyw^MZ, ˆKZvwe I A‹eævwbK wkÞveÅeÕ©v weËwUk ivGRi RbÅ ˆKej KviwYK ŠZwi KiwQj| dGj 1895 mvGj kZxkP±`Ê gyLvRÆxi cÉwZwÓ¤Z fMeZ PZzÓ·wZ-‰i gvaÅGg ÷i‚ nq RvZxq wkÞv AvG±`vjb| ‰wU gƒjZ fviZxq mvsÕ•‡wZK HwZnÅ wbGq AMÉmi nq| 1902 mvGj ‰ cÉwZÓ¤vbwU Wb ˆmvmvBwUGZ i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| 1902 ˆ^GK 1906 mvGji gGaÅ ‰wU RvZxq wek¼we`ÅvjGqi gGWj wnGmGe KvR KGi|

KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq KZÆ†K cÉ`î wkÞv RvZxq DGókÅ jvGf eÅ^Æ nq| 1904 mvGji wek¼we`Åvjq AvBb-‰ RvZxq wkÞvi cwiwa AviI ‰KUz mxwgZ nGq hvq| KviY ‰ AvBGbi eGj KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi wmGbU I wmw´£GKGUi wbq¯¨Y miKvi gGbvbxZ BDGivcxqG`i nvGZ PGj hvq| ZvG`i gƒj jÞÅ wQj cÉkvmb I KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi KvwiKzjvGg ˆh ˆKvb aiGbi RvZxqZvev`x Av`GkÆi AbycÉGek e®¬ Kiv| ZvG`i AviI ˆPÓ¡v wQj Õ¼G`kx eyw«¬Rxex KZÆ†K cÉwZwÓ¤Z wewf®² KGjR mgƒnGK wek¼we`ÅvjGqi AaxGb A¯¦fÆyî× nGZ bv ˆ`Iqv| 1904 mvGji wek¼we`Åvjq AvBb I 1905 mvGji eãfã RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbvGK `vi‚YfvGb DäxweZ KGi ˆZvGj|

wVK ‰mgGq miKvGii cÉGqvRb wQj Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆxi gGZv ‰KRb eÅwî×Z½| KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi wei‚G«¬ cvÎŸv eÅeÕ©v wnGmGe RvZxq wek¼we`ÅvjGqi KgÆcÉGPÓ¡vGK Av÷GZvl mg^Æb KGib wb| Zuvi gGZ KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ‰KwU AÅvKvGWwgK HwZnÅ Õ©vcb KGiGQ hv AvgvG`i iÞv KiGZ nGe ‰es wek¼we`Åvjq KZÆ†K cÉ`î cvøvZÅ wkÞvGKI RvZxq Õ¼vG^Æ eÅenvi Kiv mÁ¿e| wZwb wek¼we`ÅvjGqi msÕ•vi ˆPGqwQGjb, weµÏe Pvb wb| miKvi Abyfe KGiwQj ˆh, Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆxi Zî½veavGb wek¼we`Åvjq wbivc` ^vKGe, ivR‹bwZK hy«¬GÞGò cwiYZ nGe bv|

wZwb wek¼we`ÅvjGqi AeKvVvGgvi gGaÅ ˆ^GKB cÉvq me RvZxqZvev`gƒjK welqGK KvhÆKi KGiwQGjb| wZwb KGjR Õ¡ËxU I ivRvevRvi KÅvÁ·vGm Kjv I weævb kvLvi RbÅ bZzb wefvMmgƒn Õ©vcb KGib ‰es ‘ˆ`kx fvlv’ I ‘cÉvPxb fviGZi BwZnvm’ wefvM `ywU Pvjy KGib| weG`kx I fviZxq eü LÅvZbvgv wkÞvwe` cÉGdmi wnGmGe wewf®² wefvGM wbhyî× nb| wZwb wbGR eÅwî×MZfvGe mgÕ¦ wefvGMi wmGjevm cÉYqGb Zî½veavb KGib| wZwb QvòG`i KjÅvGYi RbÅ ˆhgb Dw«¼™² ^vKGZb, ˆZgwb wkÞv I cixÞvi eÅvcvGiI wZwb ZvG`i AvMÉn m†wÓ¡GZ AbyGcÉiYv w`GZb|

wZwb 1921 ˆ^GK 1923 mvGji gGaÅ w«¼ZxqevGii gGZv fvBm-PÅvG´Öji cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb| ‰ mgGqB wZwb Kjv I weævb kvLvi wc.wR. KvDw´ÖGji ˆcÉwmGW´Ÿ nb| 1889 mvj ˆ^GKB wZwb wek¼we`ÅvjGqi wmGbU I wmw´£GKGUi meGPGq cÉfvekvjx m`mÅ wQGjb| wZwb wQGjb wek¼we`ÅvjGqi Pjgvb AbyGcÉiYv| ivRbxwZi mvG^ RwoZ bv nGqB wZwb KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGq cvøvZÅ I RvZxq wkÞvi mydjàwj AZÅ¯¦ mdjZvi mvG^ mshy&î× KGib| ‰fvGe wZwb KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGq ‰K ˆiGbmuv NwUGq ˆdGjb| RvZxq wkÞv KvDw´Öj KZÆ†K cÉwZwÓ¤Z RvZxq wek¼we`ÅvjGqi KvhÆò×Gg RvZxqZvev`x ˆPZbvi ewntcÉKvk Õ·Ó¡fvGe cÉZxqgvb nGjI KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq RvZxq AwfÓ¤ jGÞÅ ZvG`i KvRKGgÆ ˆKvb AsGkB wcwQGq wQjbv| ZGe KvwiMwi I cÉhywî×we`Åvq RvZxq wek¼we`Åvjq Ae`vb ˆewk ivLwQj| ZLb chÆ¯¦ JcwbGewkK cÉfve ^vKvi KviGY Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆx KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi PwiGò mÁ·ƒYÆ cwieZÆb mƒwPZ KiGZ cvGi wb|

Av÷GZvl gyLvRÆx 1923 mvGj KjKvZv nvB ˆKvUÆ I KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK Aemi MÉnY KGib| 1924 mvGji 25 ˆg cvUbvq wZwb g†ZzÅeiY KGib| [wPîeËZ cvwjZ]