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mvGq`vev` (ivRavbx gywkÆ`vevG`i DcKG¥¤ ‰KwU kniZwj), üMwj, KjKvZv, KvwmgevRvi, XvKv I cvUbvq mg†«¬ emwZàwjGZ ZvG`i wbRÕ¼ AvevmÕ©j I wMRÆv wQj ‰es ˆmLvGb eü AvGgÆbxq ewYK I eÅemvqx wQGjb| KjKvZvq ‰LbI AvGgÆbxqG`i bvGg AvgÆvwbGUvjv ‰jvKv, ‰KwU AvGgÆbxq wMRÆv ‰es AvGgÆbxNvU bvGg Mãvi K„Gj ‰KwU Õ©vb iGqGQ ˆhLvGb AvGgÆbxqG`i gvjvgvj ˆbŒKvq ˆevSvB I Lvjvk Kiv nGZv| XvKvqI AvgÆvwbGUvjv bvGg ‰KwU ‰jvKv iGqGQ, hvi bvgKiY Õ·Ó¡ZB AvGgÆbxqG`i bvGg Kiv nGqwQj ‰es ˆmLvGb ‰LbI ‰KwU AvGgÆbxq wMRÆv iGqGQ|

BDGivcxG`i mGã eo aiGbi eÅemvGq mÁ·†î× XvKvi cÉ^g mycwiwPZ AvGgÆbxq wQGjb ˆLvRv dvbym Kj±`i| 1688 mvGj wZwb wbGRi I Zvi mÁ·É`vGqi AbÅvbÅ ewYGKi gvjvgvj BsGiRG`i RvnvGR KGi enb Kivi RbÅ BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mGã ‰K Pzwî× mÁ·v`b KGib| Zuvi övZzÓ·yò ˆLvRv BmivGqj mvin±` myevn`vi AvwRg-Dm-kvGbi wbKU ˆ^GK 1698 mvGj KjKvZvq Rwg`vwi jvGfi RbÅ ˆKvÁ·vwbGK mnvqZv KGib| ‰i cGiI mvin±` gyMj mgËvU dii‚L wmqvGii `ievGi ˆKvÁ·vwbi myigÅvb cÉwZwbwa `Gji ‘IqvwKj’ wQGjb| 1717 mvGji ivRKxq digvb ‰ ˆKvÁ·vwbGK ˆh weGkl myweav cÉ`vb Kiv nq Zv ˆKvÁ·vwbi cGÞ mgËvGUi mGã mvinG±`i AvGjvPbviB dmj| mµ¦`k kZvõxi ˆklw`K nGZ gyMj miKvi AvGgÆbxqG`i evsjvq eÅemviZ ‰KwU Õ¼Z¯¨ mÁ·É`vqi…Gc weGePbv KiGZ ^vGK| Zviv gƒjZ iµ¦vwb evwYGRÅ iZ wQGjb hvi RbÅ miKviGK ZvG`i 3.5% ÷Í• cÉ`vb KiGZ nGZv| Rvbv gGZ, mKj bIqveB ZvG`i ˆMvcb ev cÉKvkÅ eÅwî×MZ eÅemv cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ‰K ev ‰KvwaK AvGgÆbxq ewYKGK wbGqvM KGiwQGjb| AvGgÆbxq mÁ·É`vGqi ˆbZv ˆLvRv ˆcòvm wbGKvjvm wQGjb Avjxe`Æx Lvb ‰i A^Æ ˆhvMvb`vi I `ievGii DcG`Ó¡v|

AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi PwÍÏk I cçvGki `kGK evsjvi AvGgÆbxqG`i gGaÅ ˆLvRv IqvwR` evsjvi evwYwRÅK A^ÆbxwZ I ivR‹bwZK RxeGb meÆvGcÞv ZvrchÆgq f„wgKv cvjb KGib| wmivRDGóŒjvi kvmbvgGji `yGhÆvMgq w`bàwjGZ BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi mGã mKj Avjvc AvGjvPbv ZviB gvaÅGg cwiPvwjZ nq| wZwb wQGjb ZLb mGeÆvœP jvfRbK ˆkviv eÅemvGqi ‰KGPwUqv AwaKvix| IqvwR` wQGjb wZb ewYKcwZi ‰KRb (Aci `yRb RMr ˆkV I DwgPuv`) hviv ˆhŒ^fvGe evsjvi evwYwRÅK RxebGK cÉfvweZ KiGZb ‰es djZ AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi cÉ^gvGaÆi ˆkl wZb `kGK eüjvsGk wbq¯¨Y KiGZb evsjvi A^ÆbxwZGK| ZrKvjxb evsjvi evwYwRÅK ivRavbx üMwj ˆ^GK wZwb Zuvi weÕ¦‡Z evwYwRÅK KgÆKví cwiPvjbv KiGZb| evsjvi AbÅvbÅ AvGgÆbxqG`i gGZv Lye mÁ¿eZ ZviI wbD Ryjdvi mGã mÁ·KÆ wQj| IqvwRG`i cÉv^wgK Rxeb I KvhÆKjvc ‰LbI AvgvG`i KvGQ myÕ·Ó¡ bq| wZwb wQGjb AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi wòGki `kK I PwÍÏGki `kGKi cÉ^g w`GKi cÉfvekvjx AvGgÆbxq ewYK ˆLvRv gvnGgZ dvGRGji cyò| ‰ kZGKi PwÍÏGki `kGKi ˆMvovi w`GK wZwb AvGgÆbxq ewYK mÁ·É`vGqi cÉwZwbwa wnGmGe üMwji ˆdŒR`vGii `ievGi cÉwZcwî jvf KGib| ZLb ˆ^GK IqvwR`GK Avi wcQy wdGi ZvKvGZ nq wb| PwÍÏGki `kK RyGo wZwb ÞgZv I ghÆv`vq AwawÓ¤Z wQGjb ÷ay ‰KRb ˆmiv eÅemvqx wnGmGeB bq, ‰ `kGKi ˆkGli w`GK evsjvi evwYwRÅK I ivR‹bwZK RxeGb meÆvwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ eÅwî×G`i ‰KRb wnGmGeI cÉwZÓ¤v jvf KGib|

mƒß K„UbxwZ I bIqve Avjxe`Æx LvbGK A^Æ ˆhvMvGbi gvaÅGg wZwb `ievGi ‰KwU kwî×kvjx AeÕ©vb jvf KGib| PwÍÏGki `kGKi ˆkl w`GK wZwb `ievwi mÁ·GKÆi dmj ZzjGZ ÷i‚ KGib ‰es wenvGii A^ÆbxwZi Ici Õ¼xq wbq¯¨Y cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| wZwb Zuvi gƒj eÅemvGK±`Ê üMwj ˆ^GK Zuvi evwYwRÅK KvhÆò×g cwiPvjbv KGib| wZwb Zvi wbRÕ¼ eÅemvGq ‰es BDGivcxq ˆKvÁ·vwbàwjGZ cYÅ mieivnKvix wnGmGe evsjvi Afů¦ixY evwYGRÅ mwò×qfvGe wjµ¦ wQGjb| divwm, Ij±`vR I BsGiR G`i mGã Zuvi eÅvcK eÅemvwqK ˆjbG`b wQj| ‰KRb AwZ ayi®¬i eÅemvqx wnGmGe wZwb ˆh ˆKvb gƒGjÅ evwYwRÅK cÉvavbÅ cÉwZÓ¤vi ˆPÓ¡v KiGZb ‰es evwYwRÅK myweav cÉvwµ¦i mvgvbÅZg myGhvGMi wewbgGq wZwb AvbyMZÅ cwieZÆb KiGZI cÉÕ§Z wQGjb| ivR`ievGii mGã Zuvi NwbÓ¡ mÁ·KÆ KvGR jvwMGq wZwb evwYGRÅ ‰KGPwUqv AwaKvi cÉwZÓ¤vq mGPÓ¡ wQGjb|

evsjvi Afů¦ixY evwYGRÅ ˆLvRv IqvwRG`i eÅvcK KvqKvievGii gƒj wfwî wQj ˆkviv I jeGYi ‰KGPwUqv eÅemv| evsjvi cÉkvmbGK cÉfvweZ KGi A¯¦Z PwÍÏGki `kGKi ˆkGli w`K ˆ^GK wZwb KvhÆZ wenvGii evwYGRÅi ‰KGPwUqv AwaKvi jvf KGib| 1753 mvGj wZwb BDGivcxq ˆKvÁ·vwbàwji idZvwb cYÅ ZvwjKvi meÆvwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cGYÅi AbÅZg ˆkvivi ‰KGPwUqv evwYRÅvwaKvi jvf KGib| BDGivcxq ˆKvÁ·vwbàwj ˆkviv eÅemvi Ici IqvwRG`i wbq¯¨Y ˆ^GK gyî× nIqvi RbÅ meÆGZvfvGe ˆPÓ¡v KGiI eÅ^Æ nq| ‰gbwK cjvkxi hy«¬ i ci wZwb bZzb bIqve gxiRvdi ‰i wbKU ˆ^GK cvUbvq ˆkvivi eÅemvi ‰KGPwUqv AwaKvi mÁ¼wjZ ‰KwU ciIqvbv jvf KGib| 1757 mvGji Ryb gvGm BsGiRiv evsjv Rq KGi cÉK‡Z kvmGK cwiYZ nGj cwiewZÆZ cwiwÕ©wZGZ Zuvi cGÞ ˆkvivi ‰KGPwUqv evwYRÅ PvwjGq hvIqv ˆh cÉvq AmÁ¿e nGe Zv wZwb RvbGZb| KvGRB ZwoNwo KGi wZwb gywkÆ`vev` ‰ BsGiR cÉwZwbwaGK cÉwZkÉ‚wZ ˆ`b ˆh, hw` Zviv Zuvi KvQ ˆ^GK ˆkviv ò×Gq Ij±`vRG`i evaÅ Kivi KvGR mnvqZv KGi ZvnGj wZwb meGPGq Kg `vGg ˆkviv msMÉGn BsGiRG`i mvnvhÅ KiGZ Zvi meÆkwî× cÉGqvM KiGeb| ‰UvB wQj Zuvi RbÅ ˆkl AejÁ¼b hv gwiqv nGq AuvKGo aGi wZwb Zvi evwYwRÅK AvwacGZÅi AskweGkl nGjI iÞv KiGZ ˆPGqwQGjb| wK¯§ Zv nGq IGV wb| 1758 mvGj ˆkvivi ‰KGPwUqv evwYRÅ Zuvi nvZQvov nGq hvq ‰es BsGiR ˆKvÁ·vwb Zv `Lj KGi ˆbq| AekÅ IqvwRG`i eÅemvGqi meÆvwaK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ wfwî wQj AwaKZi jvfRbK jeGYi ‰KGPwUqv evwYRÅ hv wZwb 1752 mvGj evwlÆK gvò cuwPk nvRvi ˆ^GK wòk nvRvi UvKvq eG±`veÕ¦ ˆbb| 1773 mvGji ‰KwU cÉvØjGb evsjvq jeY Drcv`b I wewò×i evwlÆK Avq ˆ`LvGbv nq `k jÞ UvKv| ‰ ˆ^GK mnGRB ˆh ˆKD Abygvb KiGZ cvGib ˆh, cçvGki `kGK jeGYi ‰KGPwUqv eÅemv nGZ IqvwR` wK cwigvY Avq KGiwQGjb|

÷ay wewf®² evwYRÅGKG±`Ê&B bq ˆMvUv mµ¦`k kZvõx I AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi cÉ^gvGaÆ AmsLÅ Drcv`bGKG±`Ê weGkl KGi eÕ¨ I ˆikg Drcv`bGKG±`Ê AvGgÆbxqG`i jÞYxq DcwÕ©wZi cÉgvY cvIqv hvq H mgGqi BDGivcxq `wjjcGò| eÕ¨ I ˆikg eÅemvGq ZvG`i mwò×q AskMÉnY wbGq ˆKvb mG±`nB ˆbB| evsjvi iµ¦vwb evwYGRÅ ZvG`i eÅemvi cwigvY wbaÆviY Kiv bv ˆMGjI àYMZ w`K w`Gq evsjvi ˆikg I eÕ¨ eÅemvGq ZvG`i ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKvi cÉgvY cvIqv hvq| evsjvi AbÅZg ài‚Z½cƒYÆ eÕ¨ Drcv`b ˆK±`Ê XvKv ˆ^GK 1747 mvGj eÕ¨ idZvwbi ‰KwU cÉvØjGb ˆ`Lv hvq ˆh, ‰kxq eÅemvqxG`i gGaÅ AvGgÆbxqG`i wnmÅv wQj kZKiv 27 fvM| ˆikg evRvi ˆ^GK myÕ·Ó¡ cÉgvY ˆgGj ˆh, Acivci ‰kxq eÅemvqxG`i (cÉavbZ àRivwU ‰es jvGnvi, gyjZvb, w`wÍÏ, AvMÉv, ˆebvim cÉf‡wZ Õ©vGbi Dîi fviZxq eÅemvqx) mGã AvGgÆbxqiv wQGjb gyLÅGò×Zv| evRvGi gƒjÅ e†w«¬i ˆKvb DGókÅ QvovB Zviv eÅvcK nvGi cYÅ ò×Gqi «¼viv gƒjÅ e†w«¬ NUvZ ‰es evRvGii Ici wbq¯¨Ynxb BDGivcxq ˆKvÁ·vwbàwji weiwî× Drcv`b KiZ| AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi gaÅfvGM weËwUkiv cjvkxGZ Rqjvf KGi evsjvi ivRbxwZ I A^ÆbxwZGZ cÉfzZ½ weÕ¦vi KGi evsjvi evwYRÅ ˆ^GK AvGgÆbxqmn ‰kxq cÉwZ«¼±«¼xG`i weZvwoZ Kivi cƒeÆ chƯ¦ ‰ AeÕ©v envj wQj|

IqvwR` Õ¼fveZB üMwjGZ emevm KiGZb| evsjvi ˆbŒevwYGRÅi wekvj HwZGnÅi AwaKvix üMwj ˆ^GK ZLb Av¯¦‰kxq I DcK„jxq evwYGRÅ AskMÉnGYiI DG`ÅvM ˆbIqv nq| AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi cÉ^gvGaÆ AvGgÆbxq ewYKMY evsjvi gƒjÅevb cYÅ ˆevSvB evwYRÅZix fviZ I cwøg ‰wkqvi wewf®² AçGj ˆcÉiY KiGZb ‰es H mKj Açj ˆ^GK ˆmvbv-i…cv I AbÅvbÅ cYÅ Avbqb KiGZb ‰i…c eü D`vniY ˆnGM iwÞZ Algemeen Rijksarchief MÉG¯© wjwce«¬ Ij±`vR bw^cGòi ˆbŒcwienb ZvwjKvq cvIqv hvq| KjKvZv `Ë‚Z ˆeGo IVv mGî½I üMwjB ZLb wQj HwZnÅevnx ‰kxq e±`i ˆhLvGb Ij±`vR, divwm I AbÅvbÅ BDGivcxq RvnvR (BsGiR RvnvR eÅZxZ) QvovI AwaKvsk ‰kxq RvnvR hvZvqvZ KiZ| gGb nq ˆh, evsjvi Afů¦ixY evwYGRÅ Zvi AeÕ©vb my`†p Kivi ci IqvwR` ewneÆvwYGRÅi DG`ÅvM MÉnY KGib| cÉ^gw`GK wZwb üMwji AbÅvbÅ ewYKG`i mGã Askx`vwiGZ½i wfwîGZ mgy`Ë-evwYGRÅ wbGqvwRZ nb| wK¯§ ‰Uv wbtmG±`n ˆh, cçvGki `kGKi cÉ^gw`GKB IqvwR` KGqKwU evwYRÅ-RvnvGRi gvwjK nb ˆhàwj ZLb üMwji ‰kxq ˆbŒevwYRÅ wbq¯¨Y KiZ| IqvwR` Kg KGi nGjI QqwU RvnvGRi gvwjK wQGjb| ‰àwji bvg wQj mvjvgZ ˆimvb, mvjvgZ gwéj, gyeviK, ˆRbmvgvi, gw`bv eL&k I ˆgveviK gwéj| ‰ RvnvRàwj üMwj ˆ^GK ˆRóv, gØv, emiv, myivU I gmywjcëGg hvZvqvZ KiZ|

AÓ¡v`k kZvõxi cÉ^g w`K ˆ^GKB IqvwR` LyeB ÞgZvevb ‰K ivR‹bwZK eÅwî×GZ½ cwiYZ nb| gGb nq wZwb Zvi fvMÅGK wmsnvmGbi DîivwaKvix wmivRDGóŒjvi mGã RwoGq ˆdGjb| wZwb BsGiRG`i ˆPGq divwm I Ij±`vRG`i cÉwZ ˆewk AvK‡Ó¡ nGjI, divwm I Ij±`vRG`i mGã Zuvi mÁ·KÆ BsGiRG`i Zzjbvq ˆZgb eÅwZò×g wKQy wQj bv| KvwkgevRvGii divwm KzwVi AaÅÞ RuÅv j (Jean Law) eGjGQb ˆh, IqvwR` mevi mGãB m«¿ve eRvq ivLvi ˆPÓ¡v KiGZb| ˆh ˆKvb DcvGq evwYwRÅK AMÉMwZ jvGfi cÉej AvKv›Þvq wZwb wmivRDGóŒjvi mGã Zuvi fvMÅGK RwoGq ˆdGjb, ˆKbbv wZwb RvbGZb ˆh, `ievGii c†Ó¤GcvlKZvB Zuvi evwYwRÅK mg†w«¬i cÉavb AejÁ¼b| ‰i…Gc AwZ A͸ mgGqi gGaÅB wZwb wmivRDGóŒjvi NwbÓ¤ DcG`Ó¡vG`i gGaÅ ‰KRb ài‚Z½cƒYÆ eÅwî×GZ cwiYZ nb|

BsGiRG`i üMwj Avò×gGYi (gvPÆ 1757) ci IqvwR` Zvi eÅemvwqK AMÉMwZi mÁ¿vebv mÁ·GKÆ m¯¨Õ¦ nGq IGVb ‰es BsGiRG`i wei‚G«¬ divwmG`i mGã Šgòx Õ©vcGbi RbÅ wmivRDGóŒjvGK civgkÆ ˆ`b| Zv mGî½I bIqvGei cZb NUvGbvi RbÅ BsGiRG`i mGã fviZxq loh¯¨KvixG`i `Gj wZwbB meÆGkGl ˆhvM`vb KGib hvi dGj 1757 mvGji Ryb gvGm BsGiRiv evsjv AwaKvi KGi| eÕ§Z 1757 mvGji ˆg gvm chƯ¦ lohG¯¨i mvdGjÅi cG^ IqvwR` wQGjb weivU evav| bIqvGei wUGK ^vKvi ˆKvb Avkv bv ˆ`GL IqvwR` P„ov¯¦ wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbb| Zvi evwYwRÅK myweavi RbÅ ivR‹bwZK c†Ó¤GcvlKZv cybi‚«¬vGii jGÞÅ wZwb weµÏGei cÉGqvRbxqZv Dcjwº¬ KGib ‰es gywkÆ`vev` `ievi nGZ RuÅv j-‰i ewnÓ•vGii dGj bIqvGei cGÞ divwm nÕ¦GÞGci mÁ¿vebv wZGivwnZ nIqvq wZwb ˆkl chƯ¦ 1757 mvGji ˆg gvGm lohG¯¨ ˆhvM ˆ`b| ‰KB mgGq divwmG`i mGã wgòZv Õ©vcGbi RbÅ bIqvGei cÉwZ Zvi civgGkÆi AmviZv cÉwZc®² nGj bIqve Zuvi Ici AvÕ©v nvwiGq ˆdGjb ‰es ZuvGK ‰KwU fvOv ˆLjbvi gGZv QuyGo ˆdGj ˆ`Iqv nq| ˆg gvGmi ˆMvovi w`GKB `ievGi Zuvi ghÆv`vi ‰ZUv AebwZ NGU ˆh wZwb KvwkgevRvGii BsGiR KzwVGZ AvkÉq MÉnY KGib| Zuvi `yfÆvMÅ ‰es mGã mGã Acivci ewYKcwZG`iI `yfÆvMÅ ˆh, IqvwRG`i cjvkx lohG¯¨ ˆhvM ˆ`Iqvi RyqvGLjv eÅ^ÆZvq ceÆewmZ nq| AvGM ˆnvK Avi cGiB ˆnvK, cjvkxi hy«¬ IqvwR`mn wZb ewYKcwZiB cZb NUvq|

mvaviYfvGe ejGZ ˆMGj IqvwRG`i cZb wQj cjvkxGZ BsGiR weRGqi ‰KwU Õ¼vfvweK cwiYwZ| AZ‰e RuÅv j-‰i gZ ˆgGb ˆbIqv KwVb ˆh, IqvwR` ‘ˆkl chƯ¦ Zuvi K„UbxwZ ‰es mÁ¿eZ Zvi nVKvwiZvi wkKvGi cwiYZ nb| hw` ˆKvb ‰KK KviY Zuvi cZbGK Z½ivw¯¼Z KGi ^vGK ZvnGj ˆmUv wQj KÑvBGfi ˆò×va, whwb divwmG`i mg^Æb `vGbi RbÅ AvGgÆbxq ewYKcwZGK LjbvqK eGj weGePbv KiGZb| 1757 mvGj evsjvq divwmG`i nÕ¦GÞGci cwiK͸bvi mGã IqvwR` mÁ·†î× wQGjb eGj KÑvBf Mfxi mG±`n ˆcvlY KiGZb| IqvwRG`i P„ov¯¦ a»sm mvaGbi myGhvM BsGiRG`i nvGZ AvGm 1759 mvGj| H mgGqi gGaÅ IqvwRG`i wbKU ‰Uv myÕ·Ó¡ nGq IGV ˆh, evsjvq BsGiRiv mGeÆvœP ÞgZvq AwawÓ¤Z ^vKvq Zuvi wea»Õ¦cÉvq evwYwRÅK mvgËvRÅ cybi‚«¬vGii mvgvbÅZg myGhvMI Avi ˆbB| Pig nZvkvq wZwb AveviI Ryqvi àwU PvGjb| wZwb Ij±`vRG`i mGã lohG¯¨ wjµ¦ nb ‰es evsjv Avò×gY KGi ZvG`iGK BsGiRG`i cÉwZcÞ wnGmGe f„wgKv cvjGb D«¼y«¬ KGib| cjvkxi bÅvq Zuvi ‰ w«¼Zxq RyqvGLjvq wZwb ˆnGi hvb ‰es ZvI AZů¦ ˆkvPbxqfvGe| Ij±`vRG`i Awfhvb eÅ^Æ nGj IqvwRG`i meÆbvk ˆVKvGbvi Avi ˆKvb c^ iBj bv| ZvGK AvUK KGi Kvivi‚«¬ Kiv nq| KvivMvGi wZwb welcvGb AvñnZÅv KGib|

IqvwRG`i g†ZzÅi ci PwÍÏGki `kGK Zuvi eÅemvwqK cÉwZ«¼±«¼x ‰es cÉ^gw`GKi cjvkx loh¯¨KvixG`i AbÅZg LvRv ˆcëËm AvivZzb Zvi Õ©Gj evsjvq AvGgÆbxq mÁ·É`vGqi ˆbZ‡Z½ MÉnY KGib| mvaviGYÅ àiwMb Lvb bvGg cwiwPZ ‰es LvRv ˆcëËGmi fvB eGj Kw^Z LvRv ˆMÉMwi evsjvi ivRbxwZGZ ‰K wewkÓ¡ f„wgKv cvjb KGib| ‰KRb eÕ¨ eÅemvqx wnGmGe Rxeb ÷i‚ KGi bIqve gxiKvwmg-‰i AaxGb àiwMb LÅvwZ I `ÞZvi kxGlÆ D®²xZ nb| wZwb ÷ay bIqvGei cÉavb ˆmbvcwZB wQGjb bv, Zuvi g¯¨x I DcG`Ó¡vI wQGjb| wmqvi-Dj-gyZvL&GLixb cÉGYZv ˆMvjvg ˆnvGmb LvGbi eYÆbvq àiwMb wQGjb gxi KvwmGgi ˆMvj±`vR evwnbxi cÉavb ‰es bIqvGei PvKwiGZ ‰KRb gyLÅ eÅwî×| wMwiqvi hyG«¬i (AvMÓ¡ 1763) KGqKw`b ci inmÅRbKfvGe R‹bK AvZZvqx KZ‡ÆK wZwb wbnZ nb| Zuvi g†ZzÅi ci evsjvi evwYRÅ I ivRbxwZGZ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGib ‰gb ˆKvb DGÍÏLGhvMÅ AvGgÆbxq eÅwî×i K^v Rvbv hvq bv| AekÅ evsjvq AvGgÆbxq mÁ·É`vq ZvG`i evwYwRÅK KvhÆò×g PvwjGq ˆhGZ ^vGK hw`I Zv cjvkx cƒeÆ hyGMi gGZv eÅvcK I ˆRvi`vi wQj bv|

ˆnwÕ¡sm I KbÆIqvwjm-‰i hyGM eü AvGgÆbxq eÅemv-evwYRÅ ZÅvM KGi f„mÁ·wîi gvwjKvbv jvGfi w`GK SuyGK cGob| ‰G`i gGaÅ mycwiwPZ wQGjb AvMv eviwkK, LvRv KvGqvwKÆ I LvRv gvBGKj| m±«¼xGc ‰G`i jeY KviLvbv ‰es cƒeÆ eã ciMbvq ivRÕ¼ BRviv`vwi wQj| LvRv KvGqvwKÆ (KvKzÆb bvGg mgwaK cwiwPZ), LvRv gvBGKj I RRÆ cÅvwbqvwU wPiÕ©vqx eG±`veGÕ¦i cGi cƒeÆ eGã weÕ¦‡Z Rwg`vwi ò×q KGib|

Ebwesk kZvõxGZ evsjvq AvGgÆbxq mgvGR eÅvcK cwieZÆb mƒwPZ nq| evsjvq mwçZ wekvj A^ÆmÁ·` mn Zviv gaÅ ‰wkqv I BivGb wdGi ˆhGZ ^vGK| ZvG`i gGaÅ AGbGKB BDGivGc cvwo Rgvq ‰es ˆmLvGb AbÅvbÅ AvGgÆbxqG`i mGã Ask`vwiGZ½i wfwîGZ PvlvevG` cuywR jw™² KGi| dGj evsjvq ZvG`i msLÅv KGg ˆMGjI cƒeÆ eGã weGklZ cvU, Pvgov I KuvPv Pvgovi eÅemvGq ‰ kZvõxi ˆkl bvMv`I ZvG`i AeÕ©vb my`†p wQj| ˆh mKj AvGgÆbxq cwievi Rwg`vwi ò×q I cwiPvjbvq wjµ¦ wQj ZvivI axGi axGi AbÅvbÅ eÅemvGq AvñwbGqvM KiGZ ^vGK| ‰me eÅemv wQj eÅvswKs, iµ¦vwb evwYRÅ ‰es iµ¦vwbKviK I Avg`vwbKviKG`i ‰GR´Ÿ wnGmGe KvR Kiv|

AvGgÆbxqMY üMwj, PzuPzov, mvq`vev`, gywkÆ`vev` I KvwmgevRvi ‰es evsjvi AviI wKQy evwYRÅGKG±`Ê ZvG`i emwZ cÉwZÓ¤v KGiwQj| wK¯§ ZvG`i gƒj emwZ wQj XvKvq| Zviv ZvG`i XvKvi emwZi bvgKiY KGiwQj AvgÆvwbGUvjv| ‰ Õ©vbwU ZvG`i NUbveüj DcwÕ©wZi ÕÃviK wnGmGe ‰LbI H bvGg eZÆgvb iGqGQ| Zviv wkÞvi c†Ó¤GcvlK wQGjb| wbGKvjvm ˆcvGMvR XvKvq ˆcvGMvR Õ•zj cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| 1781 mvGj Zviv AvgÆvwbGUvjvq ‘PvPÆ Ae nwj wiRvGiKkb’ (Church of Holy Resurection) wbgÆvY KGi| ‰ wMRÆv wbgÆvGYi cƒGeÆ Zviv AvgÆvwbGUvjvi ‰K Þz`Ë wLËÓ¡xq wMRÆvq (PÅvGcj) Dcvmbv KiZ| 1837 mvGj Zviv wMRÆvi cwøg cvGk¼Æ ‰KwU KÑK UvIqvi wbgÆvY KGib| 1897 mvGj fzwgKGÁ· UvIqviwU ˆfGO cGo| PvGPÆi ˆfZGi I evBGi ˆek wKQy AvGgÆbxqG`i mgvwa iGqGQ| ‰ wMRÆv wbgÆvGYi cƒGeÆ ˆZRMuvGq AewÕ©Z ˆivgvb KÅv^wjK PvGPÆi cvGk¼Æ AvGgÆbxqG`i mgvwaÕ© Kiv nGZv| ‰me mgvwai wKQy wKQy wkjvwjwc XvKvq AvGgÆbxqG`i DcwÕ©wZi mvÞÅ enb KiGQ| cGMvR, AvMvwm, gvBGKj, wÕ¡Gdbm, ˆRvqvwKgm, mviwKGqm gvbyKm cÉf‡wZ wQj KGqKwU ˆbZ‡Õ©vbxq AvGgÆbxq cwievi| wc. Aviv^b, gvMÆvi ˆWwfW, gÅvKvwUÆP AveËvnvg RRÆ, gvBGKj mviwKGqm, AveËvnvg jyKvm, ‰g. nvBKvGRvwb, ‰.‰m. gÅvKvwUÆP, wUMÉb bvnvwcZ, Qvw`Dm bvnvwcZ, ‰g.ˆR. KvQvZzi, ˆhvGmd jÅvRvivm cÉgyL wQGjb mycwiwPZ AvGgÆbxq eÅwî×Z½|

agÆwek¼vGm AvGgÆbxqiv wQGjb MÉxK ev A^ÆWÝ PvGPÆi Abymvix wLËÓ¡vb| ˆhLvGb DGÍÏLGhvMÅ msLÅK AvGgÆbxq emwZ Õ©vcb KGiGQb, ˆmLvGbB Zviv wMRÆv wbgÆvY KGiGQb| PzuPzov, mvq`vev`, gywkÆ`vev` I KjKvZvq AvGgÆbxqG`i wMRÆv ‰es ˆmKzÅjvi `vjvbGKvVv ‰LbI wUGK AvGQ| 

[Avbmvi Avjx, mykxj ŠPvayix ‰es wmivRyj Bmjvg]