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AvKÆvBfm HwZnvwmK ài‚Z½mÁ·®² miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi bw^cò, `wjjvw`, cyiGbv weij cyÕ¦Kvw`, cvízwjwc BZÅvw`i msMÉnkvjv| wMÉK ‘AvwKÆqb’ kõ ˆ^GK ‰i D«¿e, hv «¼viv ˆevSvq ˆKvb `dZGii Avqîvaxb eÕ§wbPqGK| AvwKÆqb ‰GmGQ ‘AvKÆ’ kõ ˆ^GK hv «¼viv Avevi cÉviÁ¿, D«¿e, meÆgq KZ‡ÆZ½, mvgËvRÅ, gÅvwRGÕ¡Ëwm, `dZi BZÅvw` ˆevSvq| jÅvwZb ‘AvwKÆwfqvg’ ‰GmGQ wMÉK AvwKÆqb kõ ˆ^GK, Avi jÅvwZb ˆ^GK ‰GmGQ divwm jÅv-AvKÆvBf| wewf®² eÕ§i mw®²Gek ˆevSvGZ divwm ˆ^GK BsGiwR ‘AvKÆvBf’ kõwUi Drcwî| AÝGdvWÆ BsGiwR Awfavb AvKÆvBfmGK mævwqZ KGiGQ ‰gb ‰KUv Õ©vb wnGmGe ˆhLvGb msiÞGYi wbwgî miKvwi bw^cò ev HwZnvwmK `wjjvw` msM†nxZ nq| wU.Avi. kÅvGjbevMÆ AvKÆvBfm-‰i AvaywbK msæv w`GqGQb ‰fvGe ˆh ˆKvb miKvwi ˆemiKvwi cÉwZÓ¤vGbi ˆmB mKj bw^cò ˆhàwj ˆKvb MGelYvq Z^Å-Dcvî wnGmGe cÉGqvGMi DGóGkÅ Õ©vqx msiÞGYi Dchyî× eGj weGePbv KGi ˆmfvGe ˆKvb msMÉnkvjvq iwÞZ nGqGQ ev iÞGYi RbÅ evQvB Kiv nGqGQ|

mÁ¿eZ cÉvPxb wMÉK mfÅZvq AvKÆvBf RvZxq cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒGni D«¿e nq ‰es gaÅhyGMI ‰àwji AwÕ¦Z½ eRvq ^vGK| ZGe ‰ aiGbi cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒGni eÅvcK D®²wZ mvwaZ nq AvaywbK hyGM ‰Gm, Avi ZLbB ‰àwj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi i…c cwiMÉn KGi| AvKÆvBf ‰Lb ‰KUv ˆ`Gki BwZnvm I HwZGnÅi msiÞYvMvi; ‰KUv RvwZi ÕÆwZgq ZG^Åi fvívi| RvgÆvwb, BZvwj, ˆÕ·b, dÌv´Ö, BsjÅv´£ I AvGgwiKvi hyî×ivGÓ¡Ë ‰ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi weGkl weKvk cwijwÞZ nq|

fviZxq DcgnvG`Gk myjZvwb I gyMj AvgGj gnvGdRLvbv bvGg AwfwnZ msiÞYvMvGi cÉkvmwbK `wjj `Õ¦vGeR I bw^cò iwÞZ nGZv| ZGe DcgnvG`Gk avivevwnKfvGe ˆK±`Êxq, cÉvG`wkK I Õ©vbxq wfwîGZ `wjj `Õ¦vGeR msiÞGYi KvR ÷i‚ nq weËwUk Avgj ˆ^GK| BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi miKvi wQj ˆjLwb I ˆiKWÆ wbfÆi miKvi| ‰ miKvi cÉkvmGb wewf®² wefvM I kvLv mÁ¼wjZ mwPevjq (Secretariat) KvVvGgv MVb KGi| ‰ wefvM I AwdmmgƒGn wewf®² cÉK‡wZi cÉPzi `wjjcò RGg IGV| 1854 mvGj ‘ˆiKWÆ AvBb’ (Record Rules) cÉYxZ nq ‰es 1888 mvGj Õ¼Z¯¨fvGe ‘ˆiKWÆm gÅvbyqvj’ (Record Manual) cÉKvwkZ nq| wewf®² mgGq ˆiKWÆ gÅvbyqvGji msÕ•vi mvab KGi cÉKvk Kiv nq| mwPevjGqi bw^ I ˆiKWÆcò Kvjò×Gg ˆeGo ˆMGj Ri‚wi bw^cò ˆK±`Êxq msiÞYvMvGi cvVvGbvi ‰es AGcÞvK‡Z Kg `iKvwiàwj webÓ¡ KGi ˆdjvi cÉGqvRbxqZv Abyf„Z nq| Ri‚wi `wjjcò msiÞGYi cÉGqvRGb 1891 mvGj KjKvZvq cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq ‘BGÁ·wiqvj ˆiKWÆ wWcvUÆGg´Ÿ’| 1911 mvGj ivRavbx KjKvZv ˆ^GK w`wÍÏGZ Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nIqvq miKvwi ˆiKWÆcò bZzb ivRavbxGZ ˆbIqvi cÉGqvRb cGo| 1947 mvGj fviGZi Õ¼vaxbZv jvGfi ci BGÁ·wiqvj ˆiKWÆ wWcvUÆGgG´Ÿi bvg cvGΟ ‘bÅvkbvj AvKÆvBfm Ae Bw´£qv’ ivLv nq|

1943 mvGj ˆeãj ˆiKWÆm gÅvbyqvj cybgÆy`ËY Kiv nq| ‰ gÅvbyqvGj ˆh mKj bw^cò Õ©vqxfvGe msiÞGYi RbÅ evQvBK‡Z ˆmàwjGK ‘A’ ˆkÉYxfzî× Kiv nq; ˆhàwj 12 eQi ci bÓ¡ KGi ˆdjGZ nGe ˆmàwj ‘B’ ˆkÉYxi I ˆhàwj 2 eQGii ˆewk msiÞGYi cÉGqvRb ˆbB ˆmàwj ‘C’ ˆkÉYxi ‰es ˆhàwj mvG^ mvG^ webÓ¡ KiGZ nGe ˆmàwjGK ‘D’ ˆkÉYxi chÆvqfzî× Kiv nq| ZLb ˆ^GK eã ˆcÉwmGWw´Öi bw^cò KjKvZvq AewÕ©Z ˆeãj ˆmGò×UvwiGqGU msiwÞZ nGZ ^vGK|

evsjvG`k RvZxq AvKÆvBfm (NAB) 1947 cieZÆxKvGj AvKÆvBfm I Mɯ©vMvi Awa`µ¦Gii AaxGb bÅvkbvj AvKÆvBfm Ae cvwKÕ¦vb (NAP) cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq 1951 mvGj KivwPGZ| Z`vbx¯¦b cƒeÆcvwKÕ¦vGb ‰i AvG`Œ ˆKvb kvLv wQj bv| evsjvG`k miKvi 1973 mvGj RvZxq AvKÆvBfm I Mɯ©vMvi Awa`µ¦Gii wbq¯¨YvaxGb evsjvG`k RvZxq AvKÆvBfm (NAB) cÉwZÓ¤v KGi| cÉ^g w`GK XvKv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi KvGQ ‰wjdÅv´Ÿ ˆivWÕ© ‰KUv fvov evwoGZ RvZxq AvKÆvBfm-‰i KvhÆò×g ÷i‚ nq| 1985 mvGj NAB-‰i Awdm ‰es ‰i msMÉnivwR XvKvi ˆkGi evsjv bMGii AvMviMuvIGZ bewbwgÆZ RvZxq Mɯ©vMvi feGb mvgwqKfvGe Õ©vbv¯¦wiZ nq| Zvici ˆ^GK RvZxq AvKÆvBfm ˆmLvGbB iGqGQ|

mƒPbvGZ we`Ågvb AvBGbi AvIZvq ‰KRb miKvwi cwiPvjK KZ‡ÆK NAB-‰i cÉkvmwbK KvRKgÆ cwiPvwjZ nGZv| ˆh mKj wbG`Ækbvgv ‰es wewaweavb ˆgvZvGeK ˆiKWÆ msiÞGYi KvR PjZ Zvi gGaÅ wQj 1976-‰i mwPevjq AvG`k; 1975-‰i i‚jm Ae weRGbm (1976-‰i 20 AGÙvei chƯ¦ cwiewZÆZ); 1943-‰i ˆeãj ˆiKWÆm gÅvbyqvj; 1938-‰i ˆemvgwiK wbixÞvwewa, ˆUÇRvwi gÅvbyqvj, f„wg ˆiwRGÕ¡Ëkb gÅvbyqvj; AvBb gÅvbyqvj, AvqKi gÅvbyqvj, mvaviY A^ÆAvBb fjyÅg 1; nvBGKvUÆ AvBb BZÅvw`| msiÞGYi RbÅ ˆiKWÆàwjGK A (Õ©vqx), B (AaÆÕ©vqx), C (mvaviY) ‰es D (gvò 1 eQi msiÞY Kiv nGe ‰gb) ˆkÉYxGZ webÅÕ¦ Kiv nq|

‰KwU RvZxq ‰es KGqKwU AvçwjK AvKÆvBf Õ©vcGbi DGóGkÅ miKvi 1983 mvGj RvZxq AvKÆvBfm AaÅvG`k Rvwi KGi| AvKÆvBfm mvgMÉx wPwn×ZKiY, msiÞY I eÅenvGii mGã mswkÏÓ¡ mKj welGq miKviGK cÉGqvRbxq civgkÆ cÉ`vGbi jGÞÅ wewf®² wek¼we`Åvjq I g¯¨YvjGqi cÉwZwbwa mg¯¼Gq MwVZ 13 m`mÅwewkÓ¡ ‰KwU DcG`Ó¡v cwil` MVb Kiv nq| 1983 mvGji AvKÆvBfm AvBb ˆiKWÆcò msMÉn mÁ·wKÆZ wewaweavb wbaÆviY KGi, wK¯§ msM†nxZ wKsev msMÉGni AGcÞvq iGqGQ ‰gb ˆiKWÆmgƒGni Zî½veavb mÁ·wKÆZ ˆKvb Õ©vqx AvBGbi wbøqZv weavb ‰ AvBb KiGZ cvGi wb| dGj, Õ©vqxfvGe msM†nxZ nIqvi gvbmÁ·®² ˆiKWÆI ‰Lb chƯ¦ ˆmàwji DrcwîÕ©GjB cGo iGqGQ| ˆKvb ˆiKGWÆi ài‚Z½ Abyaveb ‰es msiÞY wbfÆi KGi hviv ‰me ˆiKGWÆi mËÓ¡v ZvG`iB Ici| myZivs JcwbGewkK kvmbvgGji bÅvq ˆKvb ˆiKGWÆi P„ov¯¦ fvMÅ ‰LbI ZvG`i ‰KK wePvi- weGePbvi Ici wbfÆikxj|

evsjvG`k RvZxq AvKÆvBfm-‰i cÉavb cÉavb `vwqZ½ I KgÆKví nGœQ 1. HwZnvwmK ài‚Z½mÁ·®² miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi `wjjcò msMÉn I Zî½veavb; 2. eÅwî×MZ msMÉn ˆRvMvo I msiÞY; 3. msev`cò I mvgwqKxmn miKvwi cÉkvmb msò×v¯¦ gyw`ËZ `wjj I cÉKvkbv mvgMÉx msMÉn I msiÞY; 4. MGelK I cwíZeGMÆi eÅenvGii RbÅ weGkl jvBGeËwi MVb; 5 AvKÆvBfm-‰ msM†nxZ mvgMÉxi wbG`ÆwkKv cÉKvk; (6) B´ŸvibÅvkbvj KvDw´Öj Ae AvKÆvBfm-‰i m`mÅ wnGmGe AvBwm‰-‰i wewf®² m`mÅ I cÉwZÓ¤vGbi mGã ˆhvMvGhvM; 7. HwZnvwmK gƒjÅevb `wjjvw` D«¬vi I msiÞGYi eÅvcvGi miKvwi I ˆemiKvwi cÉwZÓ¤vbàwjGK civgkÆgƒjK ˆmev cÉ`vb; ‰es (8) ˆ`k-weG`Gki cwíZG`i MGelYv KGgÆ bÅve I weGk¼i AbÅvbÅ AvKÆvBfm-‰i bw^cò eÅenvGi mnvqZv cÉ`vb|

msMÉn  RyjvB 2000 Awõ RvZxq AvKÆvBfm-‰ msiwÞZ ˆgvU bw^cò I `wjjvw`i msLÅv 7 jGÞi Dci| ‰ mKj HwZnvwmK ài‚Z½cƒYÆ bw^cò msM†nxZ nGqGQ evsjvG`k mwPevjq ˆiKWÆi‚g, ˆ`Gki wewf®² ˆRjvi miKvwi ˆiKWÆi‚g ‰es eÅwî×MZ msMÉnkvjv ˆ^GK| ‰àwji AwaKvsk weËwUk AvgGji evsjv I Avmvg, cvwKÕ¦vb AvgGji cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb (1947-71) I evsjvG`k AvgGji miKvwi bw^cò| ‰Z«¼ÅZxZ AbÅvbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ msMÉn nGœQ XvKv wefvMxq KwgkbvGii bw^cò, wewf®² ˆRjvi ˆWcywU KwgkbviG`i bw^cò ‰es RqG`ecyGii fvIqvjivR I XvKvi beve cwievGii ˆiKWÆcò| bÅve msMÉnkvjvq AviI AvGQ RvZxq ivRÕ¼ ˆevGWÆi cyiGbv eü bw^cò ‰es 1950 mvj ˆ^GK 1990 mvj chƯ¦ cÉKvwkZ wejyµ¦ Š`wbK evsjvi mKj cÉKvkbv, hvi gGaÅ iGqGQ msev`cò, RvbÆvj I wewf®² ˆò×vocò| bÅvGe weGkl DGÍÏLGhvMÅ msMÉn nGjv, weËwUk fviGZi evsjv miKvGii KvhÆweeiYx I bw^i fjyÅgmgƒn, ‰es ‰àwji gGaÅ A¯¦fÆyî× AvGQ BÕ¡ Bw´£qv ˆKvÁ·vwbi evwYwRÅK ˆjbG`b I cieZÆxKvGj ˆK±`Êxq miKvGii wewf®² wm«¬v¯¦ I KvhÆvewj welqK bw^còvw`| Hàwj eÅZxZ cÉvG`wkK MfbÆGii ˆbZ‡Z½vaxGb wbeÆvwn KvDw´ÖGji còvw`, AvG`kvewj, wm«¬v¯¦mgƒnI iGqGQ| H me fjyÅgàwjGK Avw`GZ Body sheets, cieZÆxKvGj Consultation Books ‰es AeGkGl Proceeding Volumes ejv nGZv| H fjyÅgmgƒn ‘A’ I ‘B’ ‰ `yGkÉYxGZ wefî× wQj|

mvaviYZ bxwZ wbaÆviGYi mvG^ mswkÏÓ¡ welqvewj gyw`ËZ AvKvGi Õ©vqx msiÞGYi RbÅ ‘A’ cÉwmwWsm-‰i A¯¦fzÆî× wQj, AbÅ w`GK bxwZ wbaÆviGYi mGã mswkÏÓ¡ bq ‰gb AbÅvbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ welq nÕ¦wjwLZ AvKvGi ‘B’ cÉwmwWsm-‰i A¯¦fzÆî× wQj| 1947 mvGj fviZ wefwî×i cGi cƒeÆ-evsjv miKvi ‰es cieZÆxKvGj cƒeÆ-cvwKÕ¦vb miKvi Abyi…cfvGe `wjjcò m†wÓ¡ ‰es msiÞY KGi| ZGe ‰ mgqKvGji ˆewki fvM ˆiKWÆcò ‰LbI RvZxq AvKÆvBfGm ‰Gm ˆcuŒQvq wb|

evsjvG`k RvZxq AvKÆvBfGm ˆ`kwefvGMi mgq cƒeÆeã miKvGii wbKU nÕ¦v¯¦wiZ Avmvg miKvGii (1875-1947) ˆek wKQy `wjjcò msiwÞZ AvGQ| ‰àwj gƒjZ wmGjU ˆRjv I KvQvo AçGji `wjjcò| e†nîi wmGjU ˆRjv 1874 mvGj Pxd Kwgkbvi kvwmZ Avmvg cÉG`Gki A¯¦fÆyî× nq ‰es ZLb ˆ^GK 1947 chƯ¦ (1905 nGZ 1911 chƯ¦ mgqKvj eÅZxZ) AvmvGgi Ask wnGmGe ^vGK| wmGjUGK AvmvGgi mGã A¯¦fÆywî×i dGj wmGjUevmxi ˆÞvf, wmGjU I KvQvo AçGj weËwUk AvgGji D®²qb KgÆKví, weGkl KGi Pv Drcv`b BZÅvw` welGq eü ài‚Z½cƒYÆ Z^Å ‰ `wjjcGò wee†Z iGqGQ| ‰QvovI iGqGQ K‡wl, wePvi, ivRÕ¼, Õ©vbxq miKvi, MYcƒZÆ, ÷gvwi I mvaviY wefvMxq I wbGqvM msò×v¯¦ welqvw`|

bÅvGei cyGivGbv msMÉGni gGaÅ AbÅZg nGœQ cÉvq wek nvRvi HwZnvwmK miKvwi bw^cò| Hme bw^cGò iGqGQ XvKv wefvMxq KwgkbvGii Awdm ˆ^GK ˆcÉwiZ bw^mgƒn, KwgkbvGii gvaÅGg miKvGii mvG^ ˆRjv chÆvGqi AwdmmgƒGni ˆhvMvGhvM ‰es miKvGii wbKU ˆ^GK KwgkbviG`i Awdm nGq ˆRjv chÆvGq ˆcÉwiZ wbG`kÆvewj|

wewf®² aiGbi ‰ mKj bw^cò ˆ`Gki cÉkvmwbK D®²qb, miKvGii cÉavb cÉavb wm«¬v¯¦mgƒGni evÕ¦evqb ‰es wewf®² AçGji mvgvwRK, mvsÕ•‡wZK ‰es A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©v mÁ·GKÆ cƒYÆvã wPò ZzGj aGi| ‰ mKj bw^cGòi ˆKvb ˆKvbUv 1890-i `kGK ŠZwi ‰es ivRÕ¼ bw^, wePvi wefvMxq bw^, Õ©vbxq miKvi bw^ BZÅvw` ˆkÉYxGZ webÅÕ¦| 1999 ev ‰i KvQvKvwQ mgGq XvKv wefvMxq KwgkbvGii Awdm ˆ^GK cÉvq 3000 `yjÆf Mɯ©I msMÉn Kiv nGqGQ| ‰ mKj MÉG¯© Dbwesk ‰es wesk kZvõxGZ evsjvi cÉkvmb I Rxebaviv ewYÆZ|

ˆRjv ˆiKWÆàwj eZÆgvGb RvZxq AvKÆvBfm-‰i msiwÞZ msMÉnkvjvi meGPGq ˆewk ài‚Z½cƒYÆ I weij Drm| weËwUk AvgGji 13wU cyivZb ˆRjvi, ˆhàwj eZÆgvGb evsjvG`Gki Ask, cÉvq 5000 fjyÅg bw^còI bÅvGe msM†nxZ iGqGQ| ‰ mKj bw^cGòi ˆKvb ˆKvbwU 1760 mvGj mƒwPZ nGq 1900 mvj chƯ¦ cwieŵ¦| eÕ§Z, ‰ mKj ˆiKWÆGK AÓ¡v`k, Dbwesk ‰es wesk kZvõxi cÉ^g w`GKi evsjvi ˆRjvmgƒGni Rxebhvòv cÉYvjx I AeÕ©v mÁ·GKÆ Z^Å cÉ`vbKvix ‰Kgvò mƒò wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq ‰es ‰LbI eZÆgvb ‰ mKj ˆiKWÆ-‰ ZrKvjxb evsjvi cÉkvmwbK, mvgvwRK I ivR‹bwZK RxeGbi avivevwnK BwZnvm cvIqv hvq| evsjvG`k RvZxq AvKÆvBfGm ˆhme ˆRjv ev wWwÕ¡ËÙ ˆiKWÆm iGqGQ ˆmàwj nGœQ: PëMÉvg (1760-1900), iscyi (1777-1879), KzwgÍÏv (1782-1868), XvKv (1783-1859), w`bvRcyi (1786-1951), ivRkvnx (1782-1878), gqgbwmsn (1787-1869), ewikvj (1790-1887), dwi`cyi (1799-1868), wmGjU (1777-1878), cvebv (1820-1886), ˆbvqvLvjx (1840-1879) ‰es hGkvi (1790-1862)|

cƒeÆevsjvi Rwg`viG`i `wjjvw` I ŠZjwPò msMÉGni cÉGPÓ¡v wnGmGe bIqve XvKv beve cwievi I fvIqvj ivR cwievGii cÉPzi bw^cò; eBcò, gÅvc I ŠZjwPò msMÉGn mg^Æ nGqGQ| Hme msMÉnGK Ebwesk I wesk kZvõxi cƒeÆ evsjvi BwZnvmmn Rwg`vwi eÅeÕ©vi gƒjÅevb Z^Å wnGmGe weGePbv Kiv nq|

miKvGii ˆcÉm BbdiGgkb wWcvUÆGg´Ÿ KZ‡ÆK wewf®² ài‚Z½cƒYÆ msev`cGòi ˆKGU ivLv Ask Z^v ˆcÉm wKÑwcsmgƒn evsjvG`k RvZxq AvKÆvBfm msMÉn KGiGQ| ‰ msMÉGni gGaÅ iGqGQ 1954-1988 chƯ¦ RvZxq Š`wbKàwjGZ cÉKvwkZ cÉavb cÉavb NUbvewj ‰es evsjvG`Gki mGã wewf®² ivGÓ¡Ëi mÁ·KÆ msò×v¯¦ ZG^Åi mgvGek| mwPevjGqi ˆiKWÆ i‚g, XvKv wefvMxq Kwgkbvi I AbÅvbÅ ˆRjv AwdGmi ˆiKWÆ i‚gàwjmn wewf®² Drm ˆ^GK weLÅvZ gvbwPòKi ˆRmg& ˆiGbj I miKvi cwiPvwjZ RwiGci mgq Kiv AbÅvbÅ gvbwPòKGii cyivGbv gÅvc msM†nxZ nGqGQ| ‰ mKj gÅvcGK ˆ`Gki cwiGek I AvenvIqvMZ cwieZÆb mÁ·GKÆ MGelYvi ˆÞGò AZů¦ cÉGqvRbxq eGj MYÅ Kiv nq|

bÅve 1973 mvj ˆ^GK ‘w` evsjvG`k ˆMGRU’ ‰es 1987 mvj ˆ^GK evsjvG`k ˆeZvGii cÉwZ w`Gbi ˆiwWI gwbUvwis msiÞY KGi hvGœQ| ‰àwj mvÁ·ÉwZKKvGji RvZxq I Av¯¦RÆvwZK BwZnvGmi gƒjÅevb Drm| AvGiKwU DrK‡Ó¡ msMÉn nGjv ˆ`k-weG`Gki LeGii KvMR, RvbÆvj I mvgwqKxi cƒGeÆi cÉKvkbv|

AbÅvbÅ ài‚Z½cƒYÆ KvhÆvewji gGaÅ bÅve ˆ`Gki BwZnvm I HwZnÅ welqK ˆmwgbvi wbqwgZfvGe AvGqvRb KGi| ‰QvovI bÅve KwÁ·DUvi eÅenvGii gvaÅGg AGUvGgkb ˆmev ‰es B´ŸviGbGUi gvaÅGg wewf®² ˆ`Gk ‰i Z^Åvw` I msMÉn cÉPvGii KgÆmƒwP MÉnY KGiGQ|  [kixd Dwób AvnGg` ‰es ˆK.‰g Kwig]

 

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