AvivKvb
gvqvbgvi (evgÆv)-‰i ‰KwU AãivRÅ| ‰wU evsjvG`Gki
`wÞY I `wÞY-cƒeÆvsGk AewÕ©Z ‰es AwZ cÉvPxbKvj ˆ^GK ivR‹bwZK ‰es mvsÕ•‡wZKfvGe
evsjvG`Gki mGã mÁ·†î×| eGãvcmvMi ‰es bvd b`xi `wÞY-cwøg ˆgvnbv-ˆewÓ¡Z
AvivKvb-BGqvgv bvGgi `xNÆ ceÆZk†ã AvivKvbGK gvqvbgvGii AbÅvbÅ Ask ˆ^GK
Avjv`v KGiGQ|
AvivKvGbi
cÉvPxb bvg nGœQ ‘ivLvBbwcGq’| ivLvBb kõwU ‰GmGQ msÕ•‡Z ivÞm
‰es cvwj kõ BqvØv (hÞ) ˆ^GK hvi A^Æ Š`ZÅ A^ev `vbe| ˆeŒ«¬agÆ
cÉPvGii AvGM AwaKvsk AvivKvwb wQj cÉK‡wZ cƒRK|
eZÆgvbKvGji
AvivKvGbi PviwU cÉkvmwbK BDwbU nGœQ mÅvG´£vGq, wmUUGq, gvBqy ‰es wKqvDKwcD|
ˆKvjv`vGbi gyGL AewÕ©Z AvwKqve AvivKvGbi ivRavbx kni ‰es cÉavb e±`i|
1826 mvGj weËwUk kvmGbi AvGM ‰wU wQj ‰KwU ˆQvë grmÅ cÍÏx| AbÅvbÅ cÉavb
kni ‰es e±`iàwj nGœQ wKqvKUI, gsGWv, eyw^Ws ‰es mÅvG´£vGq|
evOvwjG`i
gGZv AvivKvwbG`i cÉavb Lv`Å fvZ| RbmsLÅv cÉvq `yB wgwjqb, ‰i gGaÅ AwaKvskB
ˆeŒ«¬ agÆvejÁ¼x| RbmsLÅvi AewkÓ¡ AsGki gGaÅ iGqGQ Bmjvg, wn±`y, wLËÓ¡
‰es AbÅvbÅ agÆvejÁ¼x| msLÅvi w`K ˆ^GK ˆeŒ«¬ agÆvejÁ¼xG`i cGiB gymjgvb
mÁcÉ`vGqi AeÕ©vb| ‰iv PviwU `j h^v ZvgeywKqv, ZzKÆ-cvVvb, Kvgvwç ‰es
ˆivwnãv bvGg cwiwPZ| ZvgeywKqvG`i BwZnvm ÷i‚ nGqGQ AÓ¡g kZvõx ˆ^GK hLb
ZvG`i cƒeÆcyi‚liv ivRv gnv Zvwqs PG±`Êi (788-810) kvmbvgGj AvieG`k ˆ^GK
`wÞY AvivKvGb ‰Gm Õ©vwqfvGe emevm KiGZ ^vGK| ZzKÆ-cvVvbiv AvivKvGbi
meÆGkl ivRavbx ˆgËvns-‰i kniZwj ‰jvKvq ZvG`i cÉavb wbevm MGo ˆZvGj|
AvivKvwb ivRv gxb ˆmvqv gyqs IiGd biwgLjv (1403-33) evsjvi ˆmbvevwnbxGZ
KgÆiZ Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i mnvqZvq ivRÞgZv cyb`ÆLj KGi| ZvgeywKqvG`i gGZv
Zviv ivRvi AbyGgv`bò×Gg AvivKvGb Õ©vqx wbevm MGo| KvgvbwçG`i cƒeÆcyi‚lMY
‰GmwQj kvn myRvi eskaiG`i gaÅ ˆ^GK| evsjvi MfbÆi kvn myRv (1639-59) Zvui fvB AvIiãGRe KZ‡ÆK cybivq wmsnvmb `LGji ci mcwievGi AvivKvGb AvkÉq MÉnY KGiwQGjb|
ZvG`i eskaiG`i AGbKGKB ˆigix «¼xGc ˆ`Lv hvq|
ˆivwnãvG`i
eskaiiv PëMÉvg ˆ^GK Avmv gymjgvb ‰es eZÆgvGb ZvG`i emevm cÉavbZ
Dîi AvivKvGb ˆK±`Êxf„Z| mvaviYZ AZxGZ ZvG`i Awfevmb msNwUZ nGZv K‡wl
ˆgŒmyGg, AvivKvGb K‡wl kÉwgGKi NvUwZi mgGq|
evsjvi
`wÞY-cƒeÆvsGki mvG^ ˆfŒGMvwjK ŠbKGUÅi KviGY AvivKvGbi mGã evsjvi ivR‹bwZK
‰es mvsÕ•‡wZK mÁ·KÆ MGo IGV| ÞgZvi i`e`j ev DVvbvgvi mvG^ `yB ˆ`Gki
ivR‹bwZK mÁ·KÆ wQj ciÕ·Gii Ici wbfÆikxj| evsjvi myjZvb evievK kvni `yeÆjZvi
myGhvM MÉnY KGi ˆevmvDwcD 1459 wLËÓ¡vGõ PëMÉvg ˆRjv `Lj KGi ˆbb| 1666
mvGj gyMjG`i «¼viv weZvwoZ bv nIqv chƯ¦ kZvõxKvj aGi AvivKvwbivB ‰LvGb
ivRZ½ KGi| gymjgvb msÕ•‡wZ AvivKvGbi RbMGYi Rxeb ‰es AvivKvGbi BwZnvmGK
MfxifvGe cÉfvweZ KGi| cvVvb myjZvGbi gGZv AvivKvGbi ivRviv evsjv mvwnZÅGK
c†Ó¤GcvlKZv KGib ‰es wewf®² AçGji AGbK ˆgavex KweGK AvivKvb ivRmfvq
RvqMv KGi ˆ`b| AGbK evOvwj gymjgvb Kwe AvivKvb ivRmfvq AskMÉnY KGib|
D`vniYÕ¼i…c ejv hvq, Kwe Avkivd Lvb ivRv ^vG`vGg¯¦Gii (1645-52) mgq
hy«¬g¯¨x cG` AwawÓ¤Z nb| Avkivd Lvb ‘DwRi jÕ•i’ bvGg mycwiwPZ wQGjb|
wZwb wQGjb kwî×kvjx g¯¨x ‰es Zuvi K‡ZKGgÆi RbÅ ivRv ZuvGK ‰KwU ZGjvqvi
I wKQy nvwZ w`Gq cyiÕ•‡Z KGiwQGjb|
1666
mvGj PëMÉvGgi cZGbi ci AvivKvb ivRÅ msKzwPZ nGq ‰KwU ˆQvë AçGj cwiYZ
nq ‰es ivR‹bwZKfvGe ˆek AwÕ©wZkxj nGq IGV| KGqKRb ivRvGK nZÅvi gaÅ w`Gq
‰i BwZnvmGK A®¬KvGi ˆVGj ˆ`Iqv nq| 1731 ˆ^GK 1784 mvGji gGaÅ AvivKvb
ivRÅGK 13 Rb ivRv kvmb KGi ‰es ‰B ivRvG`i Mo kvmbKvj `yB eQGii ˆewk
wQj bv| 1784 mvGj ˆev`vDcvqvi (1782-1919) mgGq AvivKvb ivRÅ evgÆv chƯ¦
ewaÆZ Kiv nq ‰es 1826 mvGj ‰wU weËwUk ˆWvwgwbqGbi AsGk cwiYZ nq| 1942
ˆ^GK 1945 chƯ¦ ‰wU mvgwqKfvGe RvcvGbi `LGj ^vGK| 1948 mvGji 4 Rvbyqvwi
evgÆv Õ¼vaxbZv jvf KGi|
Õ¼vaxbZv
jvGfi ciciB 1948 mvGj evgÆvq AvivKvwb ˆeŒ«¬ ‰es gymwjg ˆivwnãvG`i gGaÅ
Pvcv DGîRbv evoGZ ^vKvq ˆek eo AvKvGii ˆivwnãv `j KÝevRvi ‰ kiYv^Æx wnGmGe PGj AvGm| ewgÆ miKvi AwfGhvM Dïvcb KGi ˆh ˆivwnãviv
nGœQ fviZxq DcgnvG`k ˆ^GK m`Å AwfevwmZ ‰KwU DcRvwZ ‰es ZvG`iGK Õ©vbxq
Avw`evmx MYÅ KGi ewgÆ kvmbZ¯¨ Abyhvqx evgÆvi bvMwiKZ½ ˆ`Iqv hvq bv|
1978 mvGji gvGPÆ ewgÆ miKvi eÅvcK aicvKo ÷i‚ KiGj wecyjmsLÅK ˆivwnãv
evsjvG`Gk PGj AvGm| 1991-1992 mvGj evgÆv ˆ^GK cÉvq 2,50,000 Rb ˆivwnãv
evsjvG`Gk cÉGek KGi| ‰B NUbv ivR‹bwZK, mvgvwRK ‰es A^Æ‹bwZK ˆÞGò `Ë‚Z
RwUj cwiwÕ©wZ m†wÓ¡ KGi, ‰GZ gvbevwaKviI wewN³Z nGZ ^vGK| 1996 ‰es 1997
mvGj KGqK jÞ ˆivwnãv evsjvG`Gk cÉGek KGi| ZvG`i gaÅ ˆ^GK cÉvq 2,00,000
Rb AvivKvGb wdGi hvq| ‰K wnmve AbymvGi cÉvq 20,000 Rb ˆivwnãv ‰LbI evsjvG`GkB
iGq ˆMGQ| dGj mxgv¯¦ ‰jvKvq RbgGb AmG¯¦vl, cwiGek wechÆq, KvGjvevRvwi
Kvievi BZÅvw` mgmÅv m†wÓ¡ nGœQ| ‰me KviGY evsjvG`k ‰es gvqvbgvGii gGaÅ
kxZj mÁ·KÆ weivR KiGQ| [mv`vZ
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