Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, (gIjvbv) (1888-1958)  gymwjg wP¯¦vwe`G`i gGaÅ AvKlÆYxq eÅwî×Z½ ‰es mKj agÆ ˆMvò mÁ·É`vGqi HGKÅi wfwîGZ MwVZ fviZxq RvZxqZvevG`i cÉeî×v I mwò×q ivRbxwZwe`| Mv®¬xevG`i Abymvix ‰KRb mywew`Z ivRbxwZK I fviGZi wkÞvg¯¨x Aveyj Kvjvg ˆMvjvg gwnDóxb (ˆjLK wnGmGe bvg AvRv`) gØvq R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| Zuvi gvZv wQGjb ‰KRb Aviexq ‰es wcZv gIjvbv Lvqi‚óxb wQGjb AvdMvb esGkv«¿„Z evOvwj gymjgvb| 1857 mvGji wmcvwn weµÏe ‰i mgq Lvqi‚óxb fviZ ˆQGo gØvq PGj hvb ‰es ˆmLvGb emevm KiGZ ^vGKb| 1890 mvGj wZwb mcwievi KjKvZvq wdGi AvGmb|

Aviwe gvZ‡fvlv nIqvq ‰es aGgÆi cÉwZ ‰KwbÓ¤ I `††p wek¼vmx cvwievwiK cUf„wgi KviGY cÉPwjZ avivq Bmjvwg wkÞvi PPÆv Kiv Qvov AvRvG`i AbÅ ˆKvb weK͸ wQj bv| cÉvwZÓ¤vwbK AvaywbK wkÞv jvf bv KiGjI eÅwî×MZfvGe AaÅqb I eÅvcK cvVvfÅvGmi gvaÅGg wZwb D`Æy, dviwm, wnw±` I BsGiwRGZ eyÅrcwî ARÆb KGib| Zuvi mgGqi AGbK hkÕ¼x eÅwî×G`i gGZv wZwbI wbR ˆPÓ¡vq wkwÞZ nIqvi c^ AbymiY KGib ‰es wek¼ BwZnvm I ivRbxwZ mÁ·GKÆ wecyj ævGbi AwaKvix nb| cweò KziAvb, nvw`m, wdKvn& I KvjvGgi bZzb eÅvLÅv cÉ`vb KGi wZwb AGbK ˆjLv cÉKvk KGib| Zuvi cvwíZÅB ‘ZvKwjK’ (mv`†GkÅi HwZnÅ) cwinvi ‰es ‘ZvRw``’ (bZzb cÉ^v cÉeZÆb) MÉnGYi cG^ ZuvGK cwiPvwjZ KGi|

Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`

ZvRw`` mÁ·GKÆ Zuvi aviYv ZuvGK ‰ wek¼vGmi w`GK PvwjZ KGi ˆh, ‰KwU Õ¼vaxb ivGÓ¡Ëi KvVvGgvi gGaÅ fviGZi mKj agÆ I ˆMvGòi RbMY ZvG`i agÆwek¼vm I K‡wÓ¡i mymg¯¼q NUvGZ cvGi ‰es wZwb wek¼vm KiGZb ˆh, Zv ‰Kgvò ZLbB mÁ¿e hLb ˆm ivÓ¡Ë MYZ¯¨ I agÆwbiGcÞZvi Ici wfwî KGi cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| Õ¼vaxb ivÓ¡Ë fviGZi RbÅ agÆwbiGcÞZv wfwîK MYZG¯¨i aviYvGK fviGZi ˆhme ivR‹bwZK wP¯¦vwe` meÆvGMÉ msævwqZ I eÅvLÅv KGiGQb AvRv` mÁ¿eZ ZuvG`i AbÅZg|

ˆh cvwievwiK cwiGeGk wZwb ˆeGo DGVGQb ‰es ˆh aiGbi wkÞv jvf KGiGQb, ZvGZ Zuvi agÆxq ˆbZv nIqviB K^v| Zuvi cƒeÆcyi‚lG`i AwaKvskB agÆGeîv wQGjb eGj wZwb Zuvi AvñRxebxGZ DGÍÏL KGiGQb| eÕ§Z, ivRbxwZi cÉwZ AvRvG`i ˆSuvK wQj| Lye A͸ eqGmB wZwb ivRbxwZi eÅvcvGi AvMÉn cÉKvk KGib| Rvgvjyóxb AvdMvwbi cÅvb Bmjvwg gZev` I mÅvi Šmq` Avng` LvGbi AvjxMo wP¯¦vavivi cÉwZ wZwb weGklfvGe gGbvGhvMx nGq IGVb| cÅvb Bmjvwg ˆPZbvq AbycÉvwYZ nGq wZwb AvdMvwbÕ¦vb, BivK, wgki, wmwiqv I ZziÕ• mdi KGib| wK¯§ Rxeb I ivRbxwZ mÁ·GKÆ mÁ·ƒYÆ bZzb ‰K Dcjwº¬ wbGq wZwb KjKvZvq wdGi AvGmb| BivGb mvsweavwbK miKvi cÉwZÓ¤vi RbÅ msMÉvgiZ wbeÆvwmZ weµÏexG`i mGã wZwb BivGK mvÞvr KGib| wZwb wgkGi ˆkL gynÁÃ` Avõyn& I mvC` cvkv ‰es Avie weGk¼i AbÅvbÅ weµÏex KgÆxG`i mGã ˆ`Lv KGib| KbÕ¡vw´ŸGbvcGji Zi‚Y ZwzKÆG`i Av`kÆ I `†wÓ¡fwã mÁ·GKÆ Zuvi cÉv^wgK ævb wQj| ‰me msÕ·kÆ ZuvGK ‰KRb RvZxqZvev`x weµÏexGZ cwiYZ KGi| agÆ I RxeGbi msKxYÆ aviYvi k†›Ljgywî×i ÕÃviKÕ¼i…c wZwb ˆjLK wnGmGe ‘AvRv`’ bvg MÉnY KGib|

weG`k ˆ^GK wdGi ‰Gm AvRv` cƒeÆ fviGZi `yRb ˆbZ‡Õ©vbxq weµÏex kÉxAiwe±` ˆNvl I kÉxkÅvgmy±`i Pò×eZÆxi mGã mvÞvr KGib ‰es weËËwUk kvmb weGivax weµÏex AvG±`vjGb ˆhvM ˆ`b| cÉK‡ZcGÞ ‰Kw`GK wZwb wQGjb ‰KRb ˆMvcb weµÏex ‰es AbÅ w`GK fviZxq RvZxqZvev`x AvG±`vjGbi cÉKvkÅ KgÆx| wZwb hywî× cÉ`kÆb KGib ˆh, fviZxq RvZxqZvevG`i wfwî nGe wn±`y-gymjgvGbi HKÅ, Avi ˆm HGKÅi wfwîgƒj nGe ivRbxwZ I ivÓ¡Ë eÅeÕ©vi ˆmKzÅjvi aviYv| KsGMÉGmi gç ˆ^GK wZwb ZziGÕ•i wLjvdZ AvG±`vjb mg^Æb KGib, cyivGbv kvmKG`i cybtcÉwZÓ¤v Kivi DGóGkÅ bq eis bexb ZzwKÆG`i nvZGK kwî×kvjx Kivi RbÅ| Zuvi gGZ bexb ZzwKÆivB wQGjb wLjvdGZi gƒj weavGbi mwZÅKvi cÉwZwbwa|

1912 mvGj cÉwZwÓ¤Z AvRvG`i D`Æy mvµ¦vwnK msev`cò Avj-ˆnjvj cÉKvGkÅ weËwUk mvgËËvRÅev` I fviGZ ‰i AcKGgÆi Avò×gYvñK mgvGjvPbv KGi| ‰ cwòKv KsGMÉm I Pigcw¯© gZvgZ cÉKvGk ‰KwU kwî×kvjx weµÏex gyLcGò cwiYZ nq| mÁ·É`vq wfwîK cÉwZwbwaGZ½i cÉGk² `ymÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ m†Ó¡ kò‚Zvi ci wn±`y-gymjgvb HKÅ MGo ˆZvjvi ˆÞGò Avj-ˆnjvj ài‚Z½cƒYÆ f„wgKv cvjb KGi| miKvi Avj-ˆnjvj mvµ¦vwnKxGK wecäbK gZvgZ cÉPvGi RwoZ ^vKvi AwfGhvGM Awfhyî× KGi ‰es ˆm KviGY 1914 mvGj cwòKvwU wbwl«¬ ˆNvwlZ nq| AvRv` ZLb ‰wUi bvg cwieZÆb KGib ‰es Avj-evjvM bvGg Aci ‰KwU mvµ¦vwnKx cÉKvk KGib| ‰ cwòKviI DGókÅ wQj Awf®² A^Ævr wn±`y-gymjgvb HGKÅi wfwîGZ fviZxq RvZxqZvev` I weµÏex aÅvb-aviYv cÉPvi Kiv| wK¯§ 1916 mvGj miKvi ‰ cwòKvwUI wbwl«¬ ˆNvlYv KGi ‰es AvRv`GK KjKvZv ˆ^GK ewnÓ•vi KGi iuvwPGZ A¯¦ixY KGi ivGL| ˆmLvb ˆ^GK wZwb cÉ^g wek¼hyG«¬i ci 1920 mvGj gywî× cvb|

gIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` ZLb wbwLj fviZ RvZxq KsGMÉGm gwZjvj ˆbni‚, RInijvj ˆbni‚ ‰es wm. Avi. `vGmi cvkvcvwk ˆK±`Êxq ˆbZ‡GZ½i AbÅZg m`mÅ ‰es Mv®¬xi meGPGq wek¼Õ¦ NwbÓ¤ mnPiG`i ‰KRb wnGmGe Õ¼xK‡Z| wZwb w`wÍÏ (1923) I ivgMGo (1940) KsGMÉGmi weGkl AwaGekGb mfvcwZZ½ KGib| wek kZGKi wòk I PwÍÏGki `kGK fviZxq ivRbxwZi Dîvj w`bàwjGZ AvRv` gnvñv Mv®¬xi meGPGq A¯¦iã DcG`Ó¡v wnGmGe AvwefƃZ nb| wò×cm wgkb (1942) ˆ^GK ÷i‚ KGi ˆKweGbU KwgwU (1946) chƯ¦ mKj AvGjvPbvq, weGklZ fviGZi mvsweavwbK welGq I mvÁ·É`vwqKZvi cÉGk², AvRvG`i mGã Mv®¬x NwbÓ¤fvGe civgkÆ KGiGQb| wò×cm wgkb (1942) ‰es ˆKweGbU wgkb (1946) ‰ Dfq mgGqB mgGSvZv-cƒeÆ AvGjvPbv ŠeVGK AvGjvPKG`i gGaÅ AvRv` A¯¦fÆzî× wQGjb| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vb AvG±`vjb kwî×kvjx nIqvq ‰es wn±`y-gymwjg mÁ·GKÆi AebwZ NUvi dGj AvRvG`i cÉfve nËvm cvq eGj gGb nq| Zuvi ˆjLv wPwVcò ‰es AvñRxebxGZ wZwb ‰ cÉmGã Zuvi nZvkvi K^v DGÍÏL KGi eGjGQb ˆh, fviGZi wefwî× ‰woGq hvIqv mÁ¿e nGZv hw` KsGMÉGmi kxlÆ ˆbZ‡Z½ wR®²vn I gymwjg jxGMi `†wÓ¡fwãi mGã AvcmgƒjK eÅeÕ©v MÉnGYi eÅvcvGi Zuvi (AvRvG`i) gGZi cÉwZ kÉ«¬vkxj nGZb| wZwb `†pZvi mGãB eGjGQb ˆh, BGZvcƒGeÆ gymwjg jxGMi kxlÆ ˆbZ‡Z½ KZƆK cyGivcywifvGe ˆgGb ˆbIqv ˆKweGbU wgkb dgƃjv AvswkK cÉZÅvLÅvˆbi gvaÅGg KsGMÉGmi kxlÆ ˆbZ‡Z½ gnvwechÆq m†wÓ¡Kvix fzj KvRwU KGiGQb| AvRv` ˆbni‚i AwfcÉvGqi ˆNvi weGivax wQGjb| Zuvi gGZ ˆbni‚i gGbvfve ˆKweGbU wgkb cwiK͸bvGK eÅ^ÆZvq chÆewmZ KGi ‰es P„ov¯¦ chÆvGq aGgÆi wfwîGZ fviZGK wefwî×i w`GK PvwjZ KGi| wK¯§ ˆkGli w`GK m†Ó¡ ivR‹bwZK gZcv^ÆKÅ `yGbZvi e®¬zZ½GK ÁÏvb KiGZ cvGi wb| wZwb Zuvi weLÅvZ AvñRxebx Mɯ© Bwíqv DBb&m wdÌWg ˆbni‚i bvGg DrmMÆ KGi Zuvi myÕ·Ó¡ cÉKvk NwUGqGQb| DrmGMÆ wZwb wjGLwQGjb ‘e®¬z I mv^x RInijvj ˆbni‚i RbÅ’|  [wmivRyj Bmjvg]