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Mdzi bvmmvL, Lvbevnv`yi (1833-1889) Avgjv I mvwnwZÅK| Zuvi gƒj bvg Avey gynÁÃ`
Ave`yj Mdzi ‰es mvwnwZÅK bvg bvmmvL| dwi`cyGii weLÅvZ KvRx cwievGi wZwb
R¯ÃMÉnY KGib| Zuvi wcZv dwKi gynÁÃ` (1774-1844) KjKvZvi ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjGZ
IKvjwZ KiGZb| bIqve Ave`yj jwZd wQGjb Zuvi AMÉR|
bvmmvL wQGjb cÉavbZ D`yÆ
fvlvi Kwe, ZGe dviwm fvlvqI wZwb KweZv iPbv KGiGQb| mvwnZÅ-mgvGjvPK, mvwnZÅ-msKjK I msMÉvnK
wnGmGeI Zuvi LÅvwZ wQj| wZwb evsjv, D`yÆ I dviwm QvovI Aviwe, BsGiwR I wnw±` fvlv RvbGZb| `dZi-‰-ˆewgmvj (1869), AvigyMvb
(1875) I AvigyMvbx (1884) Zuvi D`Æy KveÅMɯ©| wZwb D`yÆ I dviwm
KweG`i cwiwPZ KGi ˆZvjvi DGóGkÅ myLvb-‰-÷Aviv (KweG`i BwZe†î,
1874) I ZvhwKivZzj gyAvwmixb bvgK Mɯ©`ywU iPbv KGib| myLvb-‰-÷Aviv
D`yÆ mvwnGZÅ Zuvi meGPGq eo Ae`vb eGj Õ¼xK‡Z|
bvmmvL 1874 mvGj Pkgv-‰-dGqh
bvGg cÉLÅvZ dviwm Kwe kvGqL dix`yóxb AvLZvGii cv±` bvgv KvGeÅi
D`yÆ KveÅvbyev` KGib| Zuvi `dZi-‰-ˆewgmvj KveÅGK KwemgËvU Mvwje
(1797-1869) AmvaviY m†wÓ¡ eGj cÉksmv KGiGQb| Mvé-‰-ZvIqvixL (1873),
Kvbh-‰-ZvIqvixL (1877) I AvkAvi-‰-bvmmvL (1866) Zuvi Aci
wZbwU KveÅMɯ©| cÉ^g `ywU MÉG¯© wZwb BmjvGgi cÉv^wgK hyM ˆ^GK eZÆgvb
hyM chƯ¦ AGbK gnvcyi‚Gli BwZnvm wjwce«¬ KGiGQb| gvhnve-‰-gyAvÁÃv
(1888) dviwmGZ c`ÅvKvGi iwPZ Zuvi ‰KwU Þz`Ë cywÕ¦Kv| D`ÆyGZ iwPZ
Zuvi Aci ‰KwU cywÕ¦Kv BbwZLve-‰-bvKg (1879)| ‰GZ wZwb jGÞ°Œi
Kwe gxi Avbx` (1802-74) I wghÆv `exGii (1803-75) gwmÆqv KvGeÅi mgvGjvPbv
KGiGQb|
Ave`yj Mdzi bvmmvL ˆWcywU gÅvwRGÕ¡ËU
I ˆWcywU KvGjÙi wnGmGe (1860-1888) XvKvmn evsjvG`k I cwøgeGãi wewf®²
Õ©vGb `vwqZ½ cvjb KGib ‰es ˆmB mƒGò cÉGZÅK Õ©vGbB KweZvi Avmi ewmGqGQb,
Kwe-mGÁÃjb KGiGQb ‰es bZzbG`i KveÅ iPbvq Drmvn RywMGqGQb| ‰RbÅ ZuvGK
ejv nGZv ‘meÆ DÕ¦v`’|
[KvwbR-B-evZzj]
