Avb±`Ggvnb
emy (1847-1906) RvZxqZvev`x ˆbZv, mgvR msÕ•viK I eËvþ mgvGRi
c^cÉ`kÆK| wZwb wKGkviMé ˆRjvi Rqwmw«¬ MÉvGgi ‰K f„Õ¼vgx cwievGi R¯ÃMÉnY
KGib| Avb±`Ggvnb emy 1862 mvGj gqgbwmsn wRjv Õ•zj nGZ ˆgav ZvwjKvq beg
Õ©vb AwaKvi KGi ‰´ŸÈv´Ö cixÞv cvm KGib| wZwb ‰d.‰ ‰es we.‰ Dfq cixÞvq
ˆcÉwmGWw´Ö KGjR nGZ kxlÆÕ©vb AwaKvi KGi DîxYÆ nb| avivevwnKfvGe
cixÞvmgƒGn Zuvi AmvaviY K‡wZGZ½i dGj wZwb 1870 mvGj Kvw›ÞZ KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq ‰i ˆcÉgPuv` ivqPuv` e†wî jvf KGib| ‰ e†wî jvGfi
dGj emyi cGÞ DœP wkÞvi RbÅ BsjÅvG´£ hvIqv mÁ¿e nq| wZwb KÅvgweËGRi ò×vBÕ¡
PvPÆ KGjGR DœPZi MwYZ welGq covGkvbv KGib| wZwb AbvmÆmn wWwMÉ cixÞvq
(UÇvBcm) cÉ^g ˆkÉYx jvf KGib ‰es cÉ^g fviZxq iÅvOjvi nb| ‰KB mgGq 1874
mvGj wZwb AvBb eÅemv ÷i‚ KGib|
mvgvwRK
RxeGb Zuvi weæ civgkÆ`vZv wQGjb myGi±`Êbv^
eÅvbvRÆx huvi mGã 1871 mvGj j´£Gb Zuvi cÉ^g mvÞvr nGqwQj|
RxeGbi cÉ^g w`K nGZB Zuvi gb wQj agÆcÉeY| BsjÅvG´£ hvIqvi cƒGeÆB
wZwb 1869 mvGj mÕ¨xK eËvþ agÆgZ MÉnY KGib| emy Õ¼G`k cÉZÅveZÆb
KGi ˆKkeP±`Ê ˆmb ‰i cwiPvjbvaxb ZrKvjxb eËvþ mgvR cwiPvwjZ agÆxq ‰es mvgvwRK msÕ•vi AvG±`vjGb ˆhvM`vb KGib| agÆxq
wek¼vGm emyi Acivci mnGhvMxiv wQGjb cwíZ wkebv^ kvÕ¨x, DGgkP±`Ê
`î, weRqK‡ú ˆMvÕ¼vgx ‰es «¼viKvbv^ eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq| 1878 mvGj bvbv
welqGK ˆK±`Ê KGi eËvþ mgvGR dvUj m†wÓ¡ nq| ‰ welqàwji gGaÅ wQj
ˆKkeP±`Ê ˆmGbi bvevwjKv KbÅvi mGã KzPwenvGii ivRvi bvevjK cyGòi
weGq| Avb±`Ggvnb wf®² gZvejÁ¼xG`i ˆbZ‡Z½ ˆ`b ‰es mvaviY eËvþ mgvR
bvGg ‰KwU bZzb eËvþ mgvR cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰ bZzb eËvþ mgvGRi cÉ^g
mfvcwZ wbeÆvwPZ nb wZwbB| |
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Avb±`Ggvnb
emy |
mvaviY eËvþ mgvGRi KgÆKvGíi eÅeÕ©vcbv ‰es ‰i AvG±`vjbGK ‰wMGq wbGq hvIqvi
RbÅ Avb±`Ggvnb ‰KwU MYZvw¯¨K KvVvGgv MGo ˆZvGjb| ˆZi eQi aGi wZwb ‰i
mfvcwZ wnGmGe KvR KGib ‰es ‰ mgqKvGj wZwb eËvþ mgvGRi RbÅ AGbKàwj eËvþ
cÉwZÓ¤vb cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| ‰i gGaÅ weÕ¦†Z ‰KwU cvKv PZ½iI (KgGµÏÝ) wQj|
eËvþ cÉwZÓ¤vbmgƒGni QvòG`i kvixwiK I ŠbwZK cÉwkÞGYi RbÅ emy Zuvi NwbÓ¤Zg
mnGhvMx cwíZ wkebv^ kvÕ¨xi mnvqZvq ‘Õ¡zGW´Ÿm DBKwj mvwfÆm’ bvGg ‰KwU
ŠbwZK wkÞvGKvmÆ cÉeZÆb KGib| ˆewkifvM ˆÞGò wZwbB wQGjb ‰ welGqi eî×v|
ivR‹bwZKfvGe
Avb±`Ggvnb emyi `ywU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ae`vb iGqGQ| wZwbB meÆcÉ^g Dcjwº¬ KGib
ˆh, JcwbGewkK cwigíGj mgvGRi meÆvGcÞv mGPZb ˆkÉYx QvòmgvRGK AekÅB ˆ`Gki
mvgvwRK ‰es ivR‹bwZK D®²qGbi ˆÞGò MVbgƒjK f„wgKv cvjb KiGZ nGe ‰es ˆm
jGÞÅ ZvG`i wbRÕ¼ ‰KwU msMVb ^vKv DwPZ| emy 1875 mvGj ‘KÅvjKvUv Õ¡zGW´Ÿm&
AÅvGmvwmGqkb’ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib ‰es ‰GK ghÆv`v ˆ`Iqvi RbÅ wZwb wbGRB ‰i cÉ^g
mfvcwZ nb| ivR‹bwZK ˆÞGò emy 1876 mvGj Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb bvGg ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK msMVb cÉwZÓ¤v KGi bZzb c^ cÉ`kÆbKvix
wnGmGe Avi ‰KwU Ae`vb ˆiGL hvb| ‰i DGókÅ wQj JcwbGewkK kvmGbi wei‚G«¬
wbqgZvw¯¨K AvG±`vjb msMwVZ Kiv| 1883 mvGj Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqkb ‰KwU
RvZxq AvGjvPbv mfv Avnevb KGi| cGi ‰ AÅvGmvwmGqkbB fviZxq
RvZxq KsGMÉm-‰ cwiYZ nq| emy ‰i AbÅZg cÉwZÓ¤vZv| 1898 mvGji
gv`ËvR AwaGekGb emy KsGMÉGmi mfvcwZ wbeÆvwPZ nb|
mgvR
msÕ•viK I wkÞvwe` wnGmGe Avb±`Ggvnb emyi Ae`vb weGkl ài‚Z½cƒYÆ| bvixwkÞvi
D®²qGbi RbÅ wZwb KGVvi cwikÉg KGib| mgvR ˆ^GK wbiÞiZv `ƒi Kivi RbÅ mvgvwRK
KgÆmƒwP cÉYqb KiGZ wZwb mKjGK D`vî Avnevb Rvbvb| 1876 mvGj wZwb KjKvZvq
‘eã gwnjv we`Åvjq’ cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| bvixwkÞv msMVGb AwaKZi fvj dj jvGfi
Avkvq cGi wZwb we`ÅvjqwUGK ˆe^yb Õ•zGji mvG^ ‰Kxf„Z KGib| 1879 mvGj
wZwb KjKvZvq wmwU KGjR cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| Zuvi wbR kni gqgbwmsGn Zuvi wbGRi
evmvq wmwU KGjGRi ‰KwU kvLv ˆLvjv nq| wmwU KGjwRGqU Õ•zj bvGg cÉwZÓ¤vbwU
‰LbI eZÆgvb| emyi mÁÃvGb wmwU KGjRwUi cybtbvgKiY Kiv nq Avb±`Ggvnb KGjR|
Avb±`GgvnGbi
Dä¾j wkÞvRxeb I wkÞvi cÉwZ Mfxi AbyivGMi KviGY weËwUk miKvi ZuvGK 1882
mvGj Bw´£qvb ‰WzGKkb KwgkGbi (nv´Ÿvi Kwgkb) m`mÅ KGi| ò×gvMZfvGe wZwb eãxq AvBb m`mÅ, KjKvZv wek¼we`ÅvjGqi
wmGbU m`mÅ ‰es wek¼we`ÅvjGqi ‰KRb ‘ˆdGjv’ gGbvbxZ nb| ZuviB AKÑv¯¦ cÉGPÓ¡vi
dGj ‘KÅvjKvUv BDwbfÆvwmwU AÅvÙ Ae BbKiGcvGikb’ ‰gbfvGe msGkvab Kiv nq
hvGZ ‰wUGK ˆKej ‰KwU cixÞv MÉnYKvix msÕ©v nGZ cixÞv MÉnYKvix I wkÞv`vbKvix
cÉwZÓ¤vGb i…cv¯¦i Kiv hvq| 1892 mvGji fviZ AvBGbi AaxGb KjKvZv wek¼we`Åvjq
eãxq AvBb cwilG` ‰KRb m`mÅ wbeÆvPb Kivi AwaKvi jvf KGi| emy nGjb KjKvZv
wek¼we`Åvjq nGZ eãxq AvBb cwilG` cÉ^g cÉwZwbwa| ‰KRb RvZxqZvev`x wnGmGe
emy ZxeËfvGe eãfGãi weGivwaZv KGib| 1905 mvGji 16 AGÙvei wZwb eãfã-weGivax
‰K mfvq mfvcwZZ½ KGib ‰es ˆivMkhÅv nGZ wekvj RbmgvGeGk fvlY ˆ`b| AbwZKvj
cGi 1906 mvGji 20 AvMÕ¡ Avb±`Ggvnb emy g†ZzÅeiY KGib| [wmivRyj
Bmjvg]
