Avw`bv gmwR`  cwøgeGãi gvj`n ˆRjvi nhiZ cvíyqv ev wdi‚RvevG` AewÕ©Z| ‰wU ˆKej evsjvqB bq, ˆMvUv DcgnvG`Gki gGaÅ e†nîg gmwR`| ‰i ˆcQGbi ˆ`qvGj cÉvµ¦ ‰KwU wkjvwjwc AbymvGi ‰wU 1373 wLËÓ¡vGõ Bwjqvm kvGni cyò wmKv±`i kvn KZ‡ÆK wbwgÆZ| wmKv±`i kvGni gGZv myjZvGbi cGÞ, whwb 1369 wLËÓ¡vGõ wbGRGK Avie I cviGmÅi myjZvbG`i gGaÅ ˆhvMÅZg ‰es cGi ‘wek¼vmxG`i Lwjdv’ eGj ˆNvlYv KGiwQGjb, ‰ aiGbi ‰KwU gmwR` wbgÆvY wQj Zuvi mÁ·` I cÉwZcwîi Õ¼vfvweK ewntcÉKvk| ‰ K^v ejvB evüjÅ ˆh, ‰KRb myjZvb whwb wbGRGK `vGgÕ•, evM`v`, KGWÆvfv A^ev KvqGivi LwjdvG`i mGã Zzjbv KGib wZwb H mKj ivRavbx knGii gmwR`àwji AvKvi I AvoÁ¼Gii mGã Zzjbxq ‰KwU gmwR`B wbgÆvY KiGeb| weÕÃGqi eÅvcvi nGjv ‰B ˆh ÷ay AvKvi-AvqZGbB Avw`bv gmwR` H bMixmgƒGni gmwR`àwji mGã Zzjbxq bq, bKkv I àYMZ w`GKI ‰wU weGk¼i ˆmiv gmwR`àwji mgKÞ| Av`kÆ gmwR` cwiK͸bvq ^vGK wZbw`GK wLjvb «¼viv AvœQvw`Z c^ ‰es wKejvgyLx wekvj cÉv^Æbv KGÞi gvSLvGb gyî× cÉvãb| ‰ ŠewkÓ¡Åàwj Avw`bv gmwRG` iGqGQ, ZvB ‰wU ‰KwU Av`kÆ gmwR`|

gmwR`wUi ˆ`qvjàwji wbGPi Ask cv^i euvavGbv BU I AbÅ Askàwj ˆKej BGUi| ‰i AvqZb ‰LbI h^v^ÆfvGe wjwce«¬ nq wb, ZGe ˆKvGYi cjKvUv Õ¦Á¿mgƒnmn evBGii w`GK cÉvq 155wg × 87wg ‰es ˆfZGii w`GK wLjvb AvœQvw`Z c^mn 122wg × 46wg eGj MÉnY Kiv ˆhGZ cvGi| D¯Ãyî× cÉvãGbi Dîi, `wÞY I cƒeÆw`GK 12 wgUvi cÉkÕ¦ wLjvbcG^ wZbwU ‘AvBj’ ‰es 24 wgUvi cÉkÕ¦ cÉv^ÆbvKGÞ cuvPwU ‘AvBj’ AvGQ, cÉv^Æbv KÞGK wefî× KGiGQ ‰KwU cÉkÕ¦ wLjvbQv` «¼viv AvœQvw`Z ˆK±`Êxq ‘ˆbf’| ‰i AvqZb 2110 wgUvi ‰es DœPZv cÉvq 18 wgUvi, eZÆgvGb ‰wU cwZZ| ‰i weÕ¦vwiZ mgxÞvi AbycwÕ©wZGZ, cÉÕ¦i Õ¦Á¿mgƒGni «¼viv MwVZ eMÆGÞòàwji Dci wbwgÆZ gmwRG`i MÁ¼yGRi msLÅv 306 ‰es 370 eGj AGbGKi aviYv| ˆò×v-‰i gZvbymvGi ‰ msLÅv 260| Õ¦Á¿àwj wfwîgƒGj eMÆvKvi, gaÅÕ©Gj ˆMvjvKvi ‰es DcGi kxlÆÕ©vGbi w`GK euvKv|

Avw`bv gmwR`

cÉv^Æbv KGÞi DîGi wLjvb «¼viv AvœQvw`Z cG^i DcGii KGqKwU Qvov MÁ¼yRàwj wòGKvYwewkÓ¡ ˆcG´£w´ŸGfi Dci msÕ©vwcZ| eZÆgvGb cwZZ MÁ¼yRàwj, DΟvGbv cvbcvò AvKvGii wQj hv myjZvwb AvgGji weGkl ŠewkÓ¡Å| ˆK±`Êxq ‘ˆbf’ wLjvb «¼viv AvœQvw`Z c^ AGcÞv AGbK DuPz ‰es wccvK‡wZ ‘fΟ’ «¼viv AvœQvw`Z wQj, hv ‰i DœPZvi RbÅ ˆMvUv KvVvGgvi Dci cÉvavbÅ weÕ¦vi KGiwQj ‰es AGbK `ƒi ˆ^GK ˆ`Lv ˆhZ| ‘fΟ’-‰i mÁÃyLfvM wbGq AGbK gZvgZ iGqGQ; nqZ ‰Uv cvimÅG`kxq ‘CIqvb’ (lwan)-‰i gGZv AvqZvKvi KvVvGgv wQj, A^ev ‰i kxlÆG`k D¯Ãyî× ev AvœQvw`Z wQj| cvk¼ÆÕ© AejÁ¼bmgƒn I KvwbÆmmn wLjvb AvœQvw`Z cG^i wLjvbàwji bKkv ˆ^GK cÉZxqgvb nq ˆh, wLjvb-QvG` AekÅB ‰KwU CIqvb-«¼vic^ wQj hv b±`bZvwî½K w`K ˆ^GK mÁÃyLfvGMi bKkvi mGã mvgémÅcƒYÆ nGZv, ‰es ˆm ˆmŒ±`hÆ I MvÁ¿xhÆ AeÅvnZ ivLGZ DcGi ‰KwU D¯Ãyî× wLjvGbiI cÉGqvRb wQj| ‰iKg ‰KwU D¯Ãyî× I DœP wLjvb Av`ËÆ AvenvIqvi ˆ`Gk wbøqB DcGhvMx wQjbv, ZeyI Õ©vcZÅ wkG͸i wbqgbxwZ AeÅvnZ ivLGZ wMGq Õ©cwZ AbÅiKg wKQy KiGZ cvGib wb| ‰ Amyweav Õ·Ó¡i…Gc Dcjwº¬ KGi Õ©cwZMY cieZÆx KvRKGgÆ, ˆMŒo-jL&GbŒwZi àbg¯¦ gmwR` (cç`k kZvõxi ˆklvaÆ), cyivZb gvj`v RvGg gmwR` (1595-96 wLËÓ¡võ) ‰es ‰i mgKvjxb ivRgnGji RvGg gmwRG`i ‘fGΟi’ wLjvGbi Dci c`Æv m†wÓ¡i ˆPÓ¡v KGi ˆKej Õ©vcZÅ ŠkjxGKB a»sm KGiGQb|

f„wg bKkv, Avw`bv gmwR`

wKejv ˆ`qvGji mw®²KGU ˆK±`Êxq ‘ˆbf’-‰i Dîi cvGk wZb ‘AvBj’ RyGo ‰KwU ‰jvKv ‰K mvwiGZ mvZwU gReyZ Õ¦GÁ¿i Dci cv^Gii µÏvUdig (gvKQyiv) myjZvb I Zvi mãxG`i cÉv^Æbvi Õ©vb wnGmGe wbgÆvY Kiv nGqGQ| µÏvUdigwUi cwøg ˆ`qvGji Dîi cvGk myjZvb I Zvi mãx-mv^xG`i cÉGeGki RbÅ `ywU ˆ`Dwo iGqGQ| MÅvjvwii µÏvUdigwUi AekÅB c`Æv-cuvwPj wQj, hv eZÆgvGb wejyµ¦| MÅvjvwiwUi eZÆgvb ˆmŒ±`hÆ Afů¦iÕ© `kwU cjKvUv Õ¦Á¿ ‰es mvgGbi w`GK ˆLv`vBKgÆ Ajâ‡Z, UvBjm I ‘myjm’ ixwZi nÕ¦wjLb c«¬wZGZ wkjvGjL «¼viv mwäZ wZbwU wgnivGei gGaÅB mxgve«¬| wewf®² bKkvq wefvwRZ wPKb Õ¦Á¿mgƒGni Dci wgniveàwji wLjvbmgƒn gmwRG`i wbPZjvi wgniveàwji gGZv cjKvUv| µÏvUdigwU gmwRG`i ‰KwU Dci Zjv nIqvq ‰ AsGki DœPZv e†w«¬ ˆcGqGQ, MÅvjvwii Dci wbwgÆZ MÁ¼yRàwji DœPZv evBGi ˆ^GK `†wÓ¡GMvPi nq|

ˆK±`Êxq ‘ˆbf‘-‰i Dîi cwøg ˆKvY ‰es cÉavb wgnivGei Wvbw`GK iGqGQ ‰K Awb±`Å wb`kÆb PuvG`vqv ˆkvwfZ wgÁ¼i| avcàwji gGaÅ cÉvq AvUwU eZÆgvGb wejyµ¦, wK¯§ PuvG`vqv-AvœQvw`Z AsGki ˆQvU wgnivemn ‰i cvk¼Æ ˆ`qvGj Õ¼G͸vrKxYÆ wegƒZÆ ŠewPòÅ m†wÓ¡Kvix bKkvmgƒn wk͸xG`i `ÞZvi cÉgvY enb KGi| ceeZÆx wKQy KvGRI ‰ wgÁ¼Gii cÉfve ˆ`Lv hvq| D`vniYÕ¼i…c, jL&GbŒwZi `imevwo gmwR` ‰es ˆQvU cvízqvi evix gmwR` (Õ©vcZÅ Av`GkÆi wfwîGZ wbYÆxZ mgqKvj cç`k kZvõxi ˆklvaÆ)|

Avw`bv gmwRG`i ‰KwU eüj AvGjvwPZ Abylã nGœQ gmwRG`i ˆcQGb wmKv±`i kvn-‰i Z^vKw^Z mgvwa KÞ| mÁ¿eZ cieZÆx mgGqi ‰KwU cv^Gii kevavi mgvwa KGÞi ˆgGSGZ AvweÓ•‡Z nIqvq wesk kZvõxi ˆMvovi w`GK ‰ KvwnbxwU MGo IGV| wK¯§ ‰ kevaviwU wmKv±`vi kvn-‰i mgvwa cÉÕ¦i nGZ cvGi bv| ‰i mnR hywî×MÉvnÅ cÉgvY nGjv cÉGKvGÓ¤i gaÅ w`Gq weivU cÉÕ¦i Õ¦GÁ¿i AeÕ©vb ‰es kevaviwUi AeÕ©vb cÉGKvGÓ¤i gaÅeZÆx Õ©vGb bq, ˆgGSi cwøg cÉvG¯¦| ev`kvnG`i Kei mvaviYZ ‰K MÁ¼yR wewkÓ¡ `vjvGb nGq ^vGK ‰es kvmGKi ˆ`nwU ^vGK cÉGKvGÓ¤i gvSLvGb ‰es MÁ¼yRwU Zvi DcGi Õ¼MÆxq wLjvb QvG`i (vault) wb`kÆb| eZÆgvb ˆÞGò gaÅÕ©vGb ‰KwU MÁ¼yGRi cwieGZÆ `vjvbwUi Dci bqwU mg-AvKvGii MÁ¼yR wQj| wK¯§ meGPGq ài‚Z½cƒYÆ welq nGjv ivRKxq MÅvjvwii ‰KB DœPZvq `vjvbwUi Õ¦Á¿àwji Dci ‰KwU µÏÅvUdig iGqGQ ‰es ‰GZ cÉGeGki RbÅ `ywU cÉGekc^ iGqGQ| µÏvUdigwUi DîicvGki cwøg w`K nGZ ‰KwU msGhvM-Õ©vcK Xvjy c^ DcGi ‰Gm wgGjGQ|  wbwøZfvGe ‰Uv wQj cÉv^Æbvi RbÅ MÅvjvwiGZ cÉGeGki cƒGeÆ ivRKxq mnPiG`i wekÉvgÕ©vb| myZivs Z^vKw^Z mgvwa cÉGKvÓ¤wU gmwRG`i ivRKxq MÅvjvwii ‰KwU ‘AÅvw´Ÿ ˆPÁ¼vi’ ev ˆ`Dwo eÅZxZ AbÅ wKQy bq| cieZÆxKvGji gmwR`àwjGZ ‰ aiGbi weÕ¦xYÆ KÞ ˆ`Lv bv ˆMGjI, MÅvjvwiGZ DVvi wmwoi avcmgƒGn ˆQvU ˆQvU µÏvUdig ˆ`Lv hvq| eZÆgvb ˆÞGò f„-mgZGj ˆeÓ¡bK‡Z ˆcQGbi `iRv `ywU AbÅvbÅ ˆÞGòi gGZv myjZvGbi RbÅ bq, gmwRG`i wbPZjvq AeÕ©vb MÉnYKvix iÞx`j ev mvaviY AbyPiG`i RbÅ Kiv nGqwQj| cwøgw`GK MÁ¼yRvK‡wZ µÏvUdiGgi KvVvGgv ‰es ‰GZ AvGivnGYi RbÅ msGhvM-Õ©vcK Xvjy c^ I ‰i wbKUÕ© ‰KwU wgbvi gmwRG`i ‰w`KwUGK AwaKZi ài‚Z½cƒYÆ KGi ZzGjGQ| dGj cƒeÆw`GK AvKlÆK cÉGekc^ wbgÆvGYi ˆÞGò ˆZgb ài‚Z½ cÉ`vb Kiv nq wb|

gmwR`wU eZÆgvGb a»smcÉvµ¦| KvGji Pvc DGcÞv KGi wLjvb Qv`hyî× cÉGek«¼vimn cwøg ˆ`qvGji AskweGkl gvò wUGK AvGQ| gmwR`wUi AjâiY mÁ·wKÆZ welqvewj, Õ¦Á¿mgƒGni KvVvGgvMZ bKkv, ˆcG´£w´Ÿf, wgnive, mÁÃyL fvGMi ˆUivGKvUv, Uvwji AjâiY ‰es nÕ¦GjL wk͸mg†«¬ wkjvGjLmgƒGni f™²veGkl ‰LbI cwi`†Ó¡ nq| DcwifvGMi AbÅvbÅ A-GjL AjsKiYmgƒGni gGaÅ iGqGQ wewf®² aiGbi Õ©vbxq Dw«¿R bKkv, ˆMvjvc m`†k dzGji bKkv, wegƒZÆ ‘AÅvivGeÝ’ bKkv, RÅvwgwZK bKkv, eYÆbvZxZ RwUj bKkvmgƒn| ‰GÞGò ‰KwU welGqi Ici ài‚Z½ AvGivc Kiv cÉGqvRb| hw`I AeÕ©vb I bKkvMZ w`K ˆ^GK AvjâvwiK welqeÕ§i wKQyUv mvgémÅ iGqGQ, ZGe ˆKvb ‰KwU welqB cy›Lvbycy›Li…Gc Aci ‰KwUi m`†k bq| ‰i DGókÅ nGœQ m†RbkxjZv| gmwR` AjsKiGYi ˆÞGò KvVvGgvMZ ‰es ewnfÆvM, Dfq w`K nGZB, Avw`bv gmwR` ‰KwU D`vniY cÉwZÓ¤v KGiGQ, hvi mgKÞ nIqvi ˆPÓ¡v ˆ^GK cieZÆxKvGj myjZvwb AvgGji evsjvi Õ©vcZÅwkG͸ ˆek wKQy AbbÅ mvaviY BgviZ wbwgÆZ nGqGQ| 

[‰.we.‰g ˆnvmvBb]