AvIqvgx jxM  evsjvG`Gki ‰KwU AbÅZg eo ivR‹bwZK `j| ˆnvGmb knx` ˆmvn&ivIqv`ÆxÆ I Aveyj nvGkGgi ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb eãxq cÉvG`wkK gymwjg jxGMi ‰K AsGki ˆbZv I KgÆxG`i ‰K KbGfbkGb 1949 mvGji 23 Ryb XvKvq `jwU cÉwZwÓ¤Z nq| ‰B `Gji bvg wQj cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM| mfvcwZ wQGjb gIjvbv Ave`yyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx, mnmfvcwZ AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, kvLvIqvZ ˆnvGmb I Avjx Avng` Lvb; mvaviY mÁ·v`K kvgmyj nK (UvãvBj); hy™Â mÁ·v`K ˆkL gywReyi ingvb (ˆRGj A¯¦ixY), ˆLv±`Kvi ˆgvkZvK Avng`, ‰.ˆK iwdKzj ˆnvGmb; ‰es ˆKvlvaÅÞ Bqvi ˆgvnvÁÃ` Lvb| 1955 mvGji 21-23 AGÙvei XvKvq AbywÓ¤Z `Gji Z‡Zxq KvDw´Öj AwaGekGb agÆwbiGcÞ fvegƒwZÆ cÉwZÓ¤vi DGóGkÅ `Gji bvg ˆ^GK ‘gymwjg’ kõwU ev` ˆ`Iqv nq| ‰ `Gji iGqGQ Qvò, kÉwgK, K‡lK, hye I gwnjv dÌ´Ÿ|

AvIqvgx jxM cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g weGivax `j| R¯ÃjG™²B `jwU cÉvG`wkK Õ¼vqîkvmGbi Ici weGkl ài‚Z½mn 42 `dv KgÆmƒwP MÉnY KGi| cvwKÕ¦vb AvgGji ˆMvovi w`GK `Gji cÉavb `vwei gGaÅ wQj AbÅZg ivÓ¡Ëfvlv wnmvGe evsjvi Õ¼xK‡wZ, ‰KRGbi ‰K ˆfvU, MYZ¯¨, ‰KwU msweavb cÉYqb, msm`xq c«¬wZi miKvi, AvçwjK Õ¼vqîkvmb ‰es ˆ`Gki `yB AçGji gaÅKvi ŠelgÅ weGjvc| 1954 mvGji wbeÆvPGb cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb ÞgZvmxb gymwjg jxMGK ÞgZvPzÅZ Kivi RbÅ AbÅvbÅ `Gji mGã hyî×dÌ¥Ÿ MVGb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM gyLÅ f„wgKv cvjb KGi|

‰ wbeÆvPGb 237wU gymwjg AvmGbi gGaÅ hyî×dÌ´Ÿ cvq 223wU Avmb (AvIqvgx jxM 143) I gymwjg jxM cvq 9wU| cvwKÕ¦vGbi 24 eQGii BwZnvGm AvIqvgx jxM AvZvDi ingvb LvGbi ˆbZ‡GZ½ cÉG`Gk cÉvq 2 eQi (1956-1958) ÞgZvmxb wQj ‰es knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æxi ˆbZ‡GZ½ ˆKG±`Ê 13 gvm (1956 mvGji 12 ˆmG¶ŸÁ¼i ˆ^GK 1957 mvGji 11 AGÙvei) ˆKvqvwjkb miKvGii cÉavb Askx`vi wQj| bvbv Pvc I Amyweav mGî½I ‰B miKviàwj evOvwjG`i bÅvhÅ `vwe`vIqv cƒiGYi cÉqvm ˆcGqwQj| ‰àwji gGaÅ RvZxq cwilG` hyî× wbeÆvPb cÉeZÆGb (14 AGÙvei 1956) ˆmvnivIqv`Æxi mvdjÅ weGkl DGÍÏLGhvMÅ|

1957 mvGj ciivÓ¡Ë bxwZ welGq weivRgvb gZcv^ÆKÅGK ˆK±`Ê KGi `Gj fvãGbi dGj AvIqvgx jxM KwVb msKGU cGo| knx` ˆmvnivIqv`Æx I gIjvbv fvmvbx ˆek wKQyKvj aGi ivR‹bwZKfvGe wf®²gZ ˆcvlY KiwQGjb| ˆmvnivIqv`Æx cwøGgi, weGklZ gvwKÆb hyî×ivGÓ¡Ëi mGã ˆRvivGjv mÁ·KÆ iÞvi cÞcvZx wQGjb Avi gIjvbv fvmvbx wQGjb ˆRvUwbiGcÞ ciivÓ¡Ë bxwZi mg^ÆK| AvIqvgx jxGMi KvMgvwi mGÁÃjGb (7-8 ˆdeË‚qvwi 1957) `Gj wefwî×i welqwU myÕ·Ó¡ nGq IGV ‰es ‰B fvãGbi dGj gIjvbv fvmvbxi ˆbZ‡GZ½ bÅvkbvj AvIqvgx cvwUÆ bvGg bZzb ‰KwU ivR‹bwZK `j MwVZ nq| 

ˆRbvGij AvBqyGei ŠÕ¼iZvw¯¨K kvmbKvGj (1958-1969) AvIqvgx jxM Õ¼vqîkvmb AvG±`vjGb AMÉ‹mwbGKi f„wgKv cvjb KGi ‰es ˆkL gywReyi ingvb `Gji Awemsevw`Z ˆbZv nGq IGVb| 1966 mvGji ˆdeË‚qvwi gvGm jvGnvGi AbywÓ¤Z weGivax `jàwji ‰K mGÁÃjGb ˆkL gywRe AvIqvgx jxGMi HwZnvwmK Qq`dv KgÆmƒwP DcÕ©vcb KGib| ‰B KgÆmywPi A¯¦fzÆî× wQj cÉvµ¦eqGÕ•i mveÆRbxb ˆfvUvwaKvGii myGhvMmn ˆKG±`Ê msm`xq ˆdWvGij c«¬wZi miKvi eÅeÕ©v; ˆdWvGij BDwbUàwji nvGZ ciivÓ¡Ë I cÉwZiÞv eÅZxZ mKj ÞgZv AcÆY; cƒeÆ I cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ c†^K gy`Ëv cÉPjb; Ki I ÷Í• msMÉGni RbÅ BDwbUàwjGK ÞgZv cÉ`vb; weG`kx ivGÓ¡Ëi mGã BDwbUàwji mivmwi evwYGRÅi AwaKvi ‰es meGkGl ZvG`i wbR wbR cÉwZiÞvi RbÅ Avav-wgwjwkqv ev Avav-mvgwiK evwnbx MVGbi ÞgZv cÉ`vb| AvBqye miKvi ‰ KgÆmƒwPi cÉwZwò×qv wnGmGe ˆkL gywRemn 34 RGbi wei‚G«¬ AvMiZjv loh¯¨ gvgjv (1968) `vGqi KGi| dGj 1969 mvGj MYAvG±`vjb ÷i‚ nq ‰es AvBqye LvGbi cZb NGU|

MYAvG±`vjb I AvBqyGei cZGbi cUf„wgGZ 1970 mvGj AbywÓ¤Z mvaviY wbeÆvPGb ˆK±`Êxq AvBbmfvq cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGbi RbÅ eivóK‡Z 162 AvmGbi gGaÅ 160 Avmb jvGfi gaÅ w`Gq AvIqvgx jxM weÕÃqKi weRq ARÆb KGi| cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vb cÉvG`wkK cwilG`i wbeÆvPGb 300 AvmGbi gGaÅ 288wU Avmb ˆcGq AvIqvgx jxM wbiâzk weRq ARÆb KGi| `jwU RvZxq cwilG`i ˆgvU 7 gwnjv AvmGbi ‰es cÉvG`wkK cwilG`i ˆgvU 10 gwnjv AvmGbi meàwjGZB weRqx nq|

AvIqvgx jxM cvwKÕ¦vb RvZxq cwilG` ˆgvU 313 AvmGbi gGaÅ 167 Avmb jvGfi myevG` ‰KK msLÅvMwiÓ¤ `j nGq IGV| AvIqvgx jxMGK miKvi MVb KiGZ ˆ`Iqvi cwieGZÆ Bqvwnqvi mvgwiKPò× cwiwÕ©wZ ˆgvKvwejvi RbÅ mvgwiK kwî×cÉGqvGMi c^ ˆeGQ ˆbq| AvIqvgx jxM I `Gji ˆbZv ˆkL gywRe 2 gvPÆ (1971) ˆ^GK Awbw`ÆÓ¡ KvGji RbÅ mgMÉ cƒeÆ cvwKÕ¦vGb ‰K eÅvcK AmnGhvM AvG±`vjGbi WvK w`Gj RbMY ZvGZ meÆvZÄK AskMÉnY KGi| 1971 mvGji 25 gvPÆ ivGZ XvKvmn ˆ`Gki AbÅvbÅ Õ©vGb wbiÕ¨ evOvwj RbMGYi Ici cvwKÕ¦vwb ŠmbÅG`i AvKwÕÃK Avò×gGYi dGj KvhÆZ cvwKÕ¦vGbi ALíZv wechÆGqi mÁÃyLxb nq| ˆkL gywReGK ˆMɵ¦vi KGi ivÓ¡ËG`ËvGni AcivGa wePvGii RbÅ cwøg cvwKÕ¦vGb wbGq hvIqv nq| BGZvgGaÅB gywî×hy«¬ ÷i‚ nq| AvIqvgx jxGMi ˆbZ‡GZ½ MwVZ ‰KwU cÉevmx miKvi (gywRebMi miKvi) evsjvG`Gki gywî×hy«¬ cwiPvjbv KGi ‰es 9 gvGmi exiZ½cƒYÆ msMÉvGgi ci P„ov¯¦ weRq AwRÆZ nq|

evsjvG`Gki BwZnvGm AvIqvgx jxM `yB ˆgqv`KvGj gvò mvGo AvU eQGii RbÅ ÞgZvmxb wQj| cÉ^g ˆgqvG` 1972-1975 chƯ¦ ˆkL gywReyi ingvGbi ˆbZ‡GZ½ ‰es cieZÆxKvGj ˆkL nvwmbvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ 1996-2001 mvGj| cÉ^gevi AvIqvgx jxM miKviGK hy«¬wea»Õ¦ ˆ`kwU cybMÆVGbi KwVb mgmÅv ˆgvKvwejv KiGZ nq| mviv ˆ`Gk ˆjvGKi nvGZ wecyj cwigvY A‹ea AÕ¨ cwiwÕ©wZGK AviI RwUj KGi ZzGjwQj|

ˆkL gywRGei ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb AvIqvgx jxM miKvGii ài‚Z½cƒYÆ mvdjÅàwji gGaÅ DGÍÏLÅ, Õ¼vaxb evsjvG`Gki msweavb cÉYqb (1972), gywî×Ghv«¬vG`i mvnvhÅKvix wnGmGe hyG«¬ AskMÉnYKvix fviZxq ŠmbÅG`i ˆdiZ cvVvGbv ‰es weGk¼i 140wU ˆ`Gki Õ¼xK‡wZ jvf| bZzb msweavGbi AaxGb 1973 mvGji mvaviY wbeÆvPb AbyÓ¤vb wQj AvIqvgx jxGMi Aci ‰KwU mvdjÅ| wbeÆvPGb RvZxq msmG`i 300 AvmGbi gGaÅ 293 Avmb jvGfi gaÅ w`Gq AvIqvgx jxM wecyj weRq ARÆb KGi|

AvIqvgx jxM miKvGii eÅ^ÆZvi gGaÅ wQj 1974 mvGji `ywfÆÞ ˆgvKvwejvq AeÅeÕ©v, Aeva `ybÆxwZ `gb I AvBb-k†›Ljv cwiwÕ©wZ wbq¯¨GY eÅ^ÆZv| cwiwÕ©wZ wbq¯¨GY Avbvi RbÅ ‰KwU ˆecGivqv c`GÞc wnGmGe ˆ`Gk Ri‚wi AeÕ©v Rvwi (1974) ‰es msweavGbi PZz^Æ msGkvabxi gvaÅGg 1975 mvGji Rvbyqvwi gvGm eü`jxq msm`xq MYZ¯¨ ˆ^GK ‰KwUgvò RvZxq `j evsjvG`k K‡lK-kÉwgK AvIqvgx jxM (evKkvj) wfwîK ivÓ¡ËcwZ kvwmZ miKvi c«¬wZ cÉeZÆb Kiv nq| evKkvj c«¬wZ AvbyÓ¤vwbKfvGe AvIqvgx jxMmn AbÅvbÅ mKj ivR‹bwZK `Gji wejywµ¦ NwUGqwQj| ‰ eÅeÕ©vi mGã hyî× nGqwQj miKvwi cwòKv Qvov AbÅvbÅ cwòKv wbwl«¬KiY I eÅwî×Õ¼vaxbZv mxwgZKiGYi gGZv KwVb AvBb|

‰B ˆbwZevPK NUbvewji myGhvGM wKQy Am¯§Ó¡ AGcÞvK‡Z Rywbqi chÆvGqi mvgwiK Awdmvi 1975 mvGji 15 AvMÕ¡ ˆkL gywRe I Zuvi mGã emevmiZ cwievGii m`mÅG`i nZÅv KGi| 1975 mvGji 3 bGfÁ¼i XvKv ˆK±`Êxq KvivMvGii Afů¦Gi AvIqvgx jxGMi Pvi kxlÆGbZv Šmq` bRi‚j Bmjvg, ZvRDwób Avng`, KÅvG¶Ÿb ˆgvnvÁÃ` gbmyi Avjx I Aveyj nvmbvZ ˆgvnvÁÃ` Kvgvi‚ävgvb-‰i nZÅvi dGj AvIqvgx jxGMi Ici AvGiKwU wechÆq ˆbGg AvGm| AwaK¯§, mvgwiK miKvi KZ‡ÆK ˆNvwlZ ivR‹bwZK `j cÉweavGbi AvIZvq `jwU cybi‚äxweZ (1976) nIqvi mGã mGãB `Gj ‰KwU fvãb ˆ`Lv ˆ`q|

wek kZGKi Avwki `kGKi ÷i‚GZ AekÅ ˆkL nvwmbvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ AvIqvgx jxM cybivq msMwVZ nGZ ^vGK| ‰ `j 1979 mvGji mvaviY wbeÆvPGb 39wU, 1986 mvGj 76wU ‰es  1991 mvGj 88 Avmb cvq| 1990 ‰i `kGKi ÷i‚i w`GK AbÅvbÅ `Gji mnGhvwM AvIqvgx jxM `xNÆ I Aweivg AvG±`vjGbi mƒPbv KGi| AvG±`vjGbi Ask wnmvGe AvIqvgx jxM cÉ^Gg msm` eRÆb KGi, Zvici msm` ˆ^GK c`ZÅvM KGi ‰es ò×gvMZ niZvj Avn»vb KGi| ‰me cÉqvGmi dGj we‰bwc miKvi ˆkl chƯ¦ AvIqvgx jxGMi cÉavb `vwe wb`Æjxq Zî½veavqK miKvi MVGbi RbÅ msweavGbi òGqv`k msGkvab Avbqb KGi|

1996 mvGji 12 Ryb Zî½vavqK miKvGii AaxGb AbywÓ¤Z mvaviY wbeÆvPGb AvIqvgx jxM 146wU Avmb jvf KGi ‰es 23 Ryb 1996 ZvwiGL miKvi MVb KGi| AvIqvgx jxM 2001 mvj chƯ¦ miKvi cwiPvjbv KGi| 2001 mvGji 1 AGÙvei AbywÓ¤Z wbevÆPGb AvIqvgx jxM evsjvG`k RvZxqZvev`x `Gji ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb Pvi `jxq ˆRvGUi wbKU civwRZ nq| ˆkL nvwmbvi ˆbZ‡Z½vaxb AvIqvgx jxM miKvi ˆhme mvdjÅ ARÆb KGi ˆmàwji gGaÅ DGÍÏLGhvMÅ nGjv Mãvi cvwbe¥Ÿb Pzwî× (1996) Õ¼vÞi,  cveÆZÅ PëMÉvg kvw¯¦Pzwî× (1997) mÁ·v`b ‰es BDwbqb cwil` I AbÅvbÅ Õ©vbxq miKvi wbeÆvPGb gwnjvG`i mivmwi AskMÉnGYi eÅeÕ©vmn bvixi ÞgZvqGb c`GÞc MÉnY|  [nvi‚b-Ai-ikx`]