AÅvbG^ËvGcvjwRKÅvj
mvGfÆ Ae Bw´£qv 1945
mvGji wWGmÁ¼i gvGm fviZ miKvi KZ‡ÆK ˆebviGm cÉwZwÓ¤Z ‰KwU ˆK±`Êxq cÉwZÓ¤vb|
AÅvbG^ËvGcvjwRKÅvj mvGfÆ Ae Bw´£qv wQj mvGfÆ Ae Bw´£qv, AvwKÆIjwRKÅvj
mvGfÆ Ae Bw´£qv, RyIjwRKÅvj mvGfÆ Ae Bw´£qv ‰es ˆevUvwbKÅvj mvGfÆ Ae
Bw´£qvmn ‰ aiGbi AbÅvbÅ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi Abyi…c| cieZÆxKvGj fviGZi wewf®²
‰jvKvq ‰i Õ©vbxq `dZi cÉwZÓ¤v Kiv nq| AÕ©vwqfvGe Õ©vwcZ ev AvçwjK `dZi
Õ©vcGbi gvb`í wQj Õ©vbxq cwiwÕ©wZi weGkl ŠewkÓ¡Å hv ivR‹bwZK I mvgvwRK
Dfq fvGeB cwieZÆbcÉeY ‰es ‰ wePvGiB ˆcvUÆ ˆeÐqvGi (Av±`vgvb I wbGKvei)
cÉ^g ‰es wkjs-‰ (Dîi-cƒeÆ) cieZÆx `dZiwU Õ©vcb Kiv nq| cieZÆx AwfæZv
ˆ`Gki wewf®² AçGj ‰i mÁ·ÉmviGYi djcÉmƒZvi Avfvm `vb KGi| eZÆgvGb ˆ`iv`yb
(Dîi), D`qcyi (cwøg), KjKvZv (cƒeÆ), wkjs (Dîi-cƒeÆ), bvMcyi (gaÅ),
gnxkƒi (`wÞY) ‰es ˆcvUÆ ˆeÐqvGi (Av±`vgvb I wbGKvei «¼xccyé)-‰i AvçwjK
`dZi iGqGQ| ‰Qvov ‰KwU Dc-AvçwjK `dZi iGqGQ RM`jcyGi (evÕ¦vi, gaÅcÉG`k)
‰es `ywU AÕ©vqx `dZi iGqGQ mvMi (gaÅcÉG`k) ‰es iuvwPGZ (wenvi)| eZÆgvGb
cÉwZÓ¤vbwU weGk¼i ‰aiGbi cÉwZÓ¤vbàwji gGaÅ e†nîg ‰es ‰KwU myLÅvZ cÉwZÓ¤vb
i…Gc ghÆv`v jvf KGiGQ| Lmov cÉÕ¦vGe cÉ`î i…cGiLvq mywPw¯¦Z cwieZÆb ‰Gb
I bZzb cwiK͸bv MÉnY KGi ‰i gƒj ŠewkÓ¡Åàwj eRvq ivLv nGqGQ| ‰ BbwÕ¡wUDGUi
wfwî wbÁ²wjwLZ mƒòàwji Ici wbfÆikxj:
b†ZGî½
cÉvMÉmi MGelYv, MGelYvi djvdj cÉPvi ‰es fviGZ emevmKvix mÁ·É`vqàwj mÁ·GKÆ
ævbfvívi MGo ˆZvjvi ‰KwU ŠeævwbK cÉwZÓ¤vb| ˆ`kxq RbGMvÓ¤x ‰es MÉvg I
knivçGj emevmKvix wewf®² agÆxq ˆkÉYxi mgvR mÁ·GKÆ MGelYvq ‰wU ‰Kv¯¦fvGe
wbGqvwRZ ^vKGe|
ævGbi
kvLv wnGmGe b†ZGî½i cÉK‡wZ nGe mvgwMÉK ‰es gvbyGli mKj w`K MGelYv Kiv
nGe| cÉvK& BwZnvGmi cÉvK‡wZK, mvgvwRK I mvsÕ•‡wZK w`KàwjI MGelYvi
A¯¦fzÆî× ^vKGe| ‰ `†wÓ¡fwã weGk¼i AbÅvbÅ AsGk b†ZGî½i aviYv ˆ^GK wf®²|
weGkl KGi cvøvGZÅ DcwiDî× Dcv`vbàwji cÉGZÅKwUGK Õ¼qsmÁ·ƒYÆ wefvM i…Gc
MYÅ Kiv nq|
‰
cÉwZÓ¤vb fviZ miKvGii cÉkvmwbK kvLvàwji mGã NwbÓ¤fvGe KvR KiGe hvGZ
MGelYvjº¬ ævb RvwZMVGbi RbÅ wewf®² ˆMvÓ¤xi ˆjvGKi ‰KxKiGY, RbMGYi weGkl
cÉGqvRbàwj Dcjwº¬ KiGZ ‰es KjÅvYgyLx I AbÅvbÅ c`GÞGc KvGR jvMvGbv hvq|
cÉwZwU
AvçwjK `dZGii ‘AvçwjK b†Zvwî½K Rv`yNi’ i…Gc ‰KwU Rv`yNi ^vKGe ˆhLvGb
gvV chÆvGq Abym®¬vGb eÕ§MZ msÕ•‡wZi msM†nxZ mvgMÉxàwj msiÞY Kiv nGe
‰es Zv eümsLÅK gvbyGli mvgGb cÉ`kÆb Kiv nGe hvGZ wewf®² aiGbi nvGZ-ŠZwi
wk͸KgÆ mÁ·GKÆ mGPZbZv m†wÓ¡ nq| Rv`yNiàwj AvçwjK msÕ•‡wZi Zî½veavqK
i…GcI KvR KiGe| AÅvbG^ËvGcvjwRKÅvj ˆmvmvBwU Ae Bw´£qvi KjKvZvÕ© m`i
`dZGiI ‰KwU ˆK±`Êxq Rv`yNi iGqGQ| m`i `dZGi ‰es mKj AvçwjK I Dc-AvçwjK
`dZiàwjGZ ÷ay cÉwZÓ¤vGbi m`mÅG`i RbÅ bq, wewf®² ˆÞGòi Drmvnx cwíZG`i
RbÅI MGelYvi AbyK„j cwiGek m†wÓ¡GZ mnvqK wewf®² welGqi ‰KwU cƒYÆvã Mɯ©vMvi
MGo ˆZvjv nGe|
‰
cÉwZÓ¤vGbi KwgÆe†±`GK b†ZGî½i mKj kvLv cÉvK&-BwZnvm, (cÉvK‡wZK,
mvgvwRK I mvsÕ•‡wZK), fvlvweævb, gGbvweævb, evÕ¦eÅwe`Åv (f„GMvj, gvbwPòvâb
we`Åv), cwimsLÅvb, wk͸Kjvi wewf®² ixwZ (Pvi‚Kjv, PjwœPò weævb), Mɯ©vMvi
weævb ‰es AwZ mvÁ·ÉwZK KwÁ·DUvi weævb ˆ^GK ˆbIqv nGe| ævGbi ˆkGlvî×
wZbwU welGqi DGókÅ nGe cÉwZÓ¤vGbi gƒj jÞÅ gvbyGli mvgwMÉK ˆevSvcov|
mvGfÆ
÷i‚ nIqvi ci 1946-47 mvGji ˆewkifvM mgq eÅq nGqwQj AeKvVvGgvMZ myGhvM-myweav,
weGklZ Mɯ©vMvi I MGelYvMvi wbgÆvGY| 1945 mvGji wWGmÁ¼i gvm ˆ^GK fviGZi
Õ¼vaxbZv jvf Kiv chƯ¦ mvGfÆ niµ¸vq LbbKvGhÆi dGj cÉvµ¦ KâvjRvZxq Dcv`Gbi
cybi‚«¬vi I AwÕ© mÁ·GKÆ (Osteometric)
MGelYvi RbÅ weÕ¦vwiZ KgÆmƒwP MÉnY KGi| DwolÅvi jvbwSqv mvIivG`i (Lanjhia Saoras) Ici (kvixwiK ŠewkÓ¡Åewj
I A^Æ‹bwZK eÅeÕ©v mÁ·GKÆ MGelYvi RbÅ) eügyLx ŠeævwbK Rwic PvjvGbv nq
‰es Dîi cÉG`Gki ˆRŒbmvi-evIqviG`i IciI Abyi…c Rwic cwiPvwjZ nq| DcRvwZ
wk÷G`i wbGq MGelYvjº¬ ‰KB iKg Z^Åvw`i mGã Zzjbvi Av`kÆ ŠZwii RbÅ ˆebviGmi
Õ•zj QvòG`i gGaÅ PvjvGbv nq ‰KwU gvbwmK cixÞv| Rvcvwb `Lj`vwiGZ½i ci
DcRvwZàwji AeÕ©v wbYÆq cÉGqvRbxq nGq covq ‰es `Ë‚Z-Acm†qgvY ‰me DcRvwZGK
iÞv Kivi c`GÞc MÉnY Kivi RbÅ Av±`vgvb I wbGKveGii wUGK ^vKv DcRvwZàwj
mÁ·GKÆ Rwic PvjvGbv nq| cÉvMÉmi cÉwkÞY KgÆmƒwPi Ask wnGmGe ŠRe b†ZGî½
MGelYvMvGi cÉwkÞYcÉvµ¦ wewf®² wek¼we`ÅvjGqi wKQy Õ²vZGKvîi QvòGK 1946-47
mvGj wbeÆvwPZ Kiv nq ‰es Rwic cÉKG͸i KvR PjGQ ‰gb ‰jvKvàwjGZ ZvG`i
wbhyî× Kiv nq|
‰
cÉwZÓ¤vb mviMÉvnx HwZnÅ (eclectic
tradition) I Dïvbkxj welq, ài‚Z½cƒYÆ cwieZÆb, RvZxq wechÆqmgƒn
wbGq MGelYv KvhÆò×g MÉnY KGi ‰es MGelYvq weGkl ˆMvÓ¤xi Rxebhvcb ixwZi
Ici ài‚Z½ ˆ`q| KvVvGgvMZ KviGY cÉwZÓ¤vbwUi mKj RvwZ mÁ·GKÆ MGelYv cÉK͸
cwiPvjbvi myweav iGqGQ| bvMwiK b†Zvwî½K (urban
anthropology) MGelYv hyî× nGjI DcRvZxq RbGMvÓ¤x mÁ·wKÆZ MGelYvq
cÉ^g w`KKvi ài‚Z½ AÞzY³ wQj| fviGZi ˆfZGii I evBGii cwíZ ev BbwÕ¡wUDGUi
mnGhvwMZvq cÉK͸ cwiPvjbvi RbÅ ‰ cÉwZÓ¤vb wQj D¯Ãyî×| AÅvbG^ËvGcvjwRKÅvj
ˆmvmvBwU Ae Bw´£qvi ‰KwU Þz`Ë cÉKvkbv BDwbU iGqGQ| ‰wU wkÞvqZGb eÅenvGii
RbÅ MGelYvi djvdj ‰es ‰i wbRÕ¼ mvgwqKx `Å RvbÆvj Ad w` AÅvbG^ËvGcvjwRKÅvj
mvGfÆ Ae Bw´£qv cÉKvk KGi ^vGK| ‰ mvgwqKxwUGZ weGk¼i wewf®² ˆ`Gki
cwíZMY wjGL ^vGKb| AvevwmK cÉwkÞGYi RbÅ wbqwgZ KgÆwkwei, wewf®² ˆÞGòi
wewkÓ¡ cwíZG`i eîׇZvgvjv, ˆmwgbvi, ZvwjKv DcÕ©vcb, cÉwZÓ¤vGbi KgÆPvwie†±`
KZ‡ÆK ‰KK ev `jMZfvGe cwiPvwjZ cÉKG͸i AMÉMwZ I P„ov¯¦ cÉwZGe`b ˆck,
AbÅvbÅ we`ÅvqZwbK/MGelYv cÉwZÓ¤vb I wek¼we`ÅvjGqi mGã ˆhvMvGhvM iÞv
‰es eZÆgvGb gGbvGhvGMi ˆK±`Êwe±`y Rv`yNiàwjGZ welqwfwîK cÉ`kÆbxi gvaÅGg
Õ©vbxq RbGMvÓ¤x I Õ•zj-KGjGRi QvòG`i gGbvGhvM AvKlÆY KivI ‰ cÉwZÓ¤vGbi
KgKÆvGíi A¯¦fzÆî×|
[iwér ˆK. fëvPvhÆ]