AÅvWGfvGKU AvBb eÅemvqx| ‰KRb AÅvWGfvGKU hyMcr Zvi gGØGji
cÉwZwbwa ‰es Av`vjGZi ‰KRb KgÆKZÆv| gGØGji cÉwZ ‰KRb AÅvWGfvGKGUi ˆhgb
`vwqZ½ iGqGQ, ˆZgwb iGqGQ Av`vjGZi cÉwZI| JcwbGewkK kvmbvgGj c`wUi D«¿e
nq| cÉvK-weËwUk hyGM AÅvWGfvGKGUi Abyi…c ˆckvi ˆjvK wQGjb ‘IqvwKj’|
‰B IqvwKj gyMj `ievGi Zvi gGØGji cGÞ cÉwZwbwaZ½ KiGZb|
1774 mvGj
KjKvZvq mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ cÉwZÓ¤vi mGã mGãB AÅvWGfvGKU eÅeÕ©v Pvjy nq| 1793
mvGj ‰B eÅeÕ©v KbÆIqvwjm ˆKvW ‰ A¯¦fzÆî× nq| 1793 mvGji cÉweavb
7-‰i AvIZvq m`i ˆ`Iqvwb Av`vjZGK H Av`vjZ A^ev Zvi AaxbÕ© Av`vjGZ AvBb
eÅemvGqi RbÅ ˆhvMÅZvmÁ·®² eÅwî×G`i DwKj wnGmGe mb`cò cÉ`vGbi ÞgZv ˆ`qv
nq| 1814 mvGji cÉweavb 27-‰i gvaÅGg ˆRjv Av`vjZàwjGK Hme Av`vjGZ AvBb
eÅemvGqi RbÅ DwKjG`i mb`cò cÉ`vGbi ÞgZv ˆ`qv nq| 1833 mvGji cÉweavb
12-‰i AvIZvq m`i ˆ`Iqvwb I wbRvgZ Av`vjGZ AvBb eÅemvi RbÅ DwKjG`i mb`cò
cÉ`vGbi weavb ivLv nq| 1846 mvGji wjMÅvj cÉvKwUkbvmÆ AÅvGÙ
AÅvWGfvGKUG`i ˆhvMÅZv I KvhÆvewj bZzb KGi msævwqZ nq|
IKvjwZi
RbÅ ZvwjKvfzwî×i cixÞvq ˆhvMÅZv ARÆbKvix eÅwî×G`i mb`cò cÉ`vGbi eÅeÕ©v
1850 mvGj cÉeZÆb Kiv nq| ‰GÞGò AvBbkvGÕ¨ Õ²vZK wWwMÉavixG`i DwKj wnGmGe
wbGqvGMi RbÅ ‰ aiGbi ZvwjKvfzwî×i cixÞvq Ask wbGZ nGZv bv| 1865 mvGji
wjMÅvj cÉvKwUkbvmÆ AÅvGÙi weavbgGZ ˆhvMÅZvmÁ·®² eÅwî×G`i DwKj, ˆgvî×vi
ev ivRÕ¼ ‰GR´Ÿ wnGmGe AvBb eÅemvGqi RbÅ mb`cò cÉ`vb Kiv nGZv| 1876 mvGji
wjMÅvj cÉvKwUkbvmÆ AÅvGÙi AvIZvq nvBGKvUÆGK DwKj, ˆgvî×vi I ivRÕ¼ ‰GR´ŸG`i
mb`cò cÉ`vGbi ÞgZv ˆ`qv nq| DwKjiv mKj AaxbÕ© ˆ`Iqvwb I ˆdŒR`vwi Av`vjZ
‰es ivRÕ¼ `µ¦iàwjGZ AvBb eÅemv KiGZ cviGZb; Avi ˆgvî×viiv ÷ay ˆdŒR`vwi
Av`vjGZ ‰es ivRÕ¼ ‰GR´Ÿiv ˆKej ivRÕ¼ `µ¦Gi AvBb eÅemvi ˆhvMÅ eGj weGewPZ
nGZb|
cÉ^g
AeÕ©vq AÅvWGfvGKUiv gƒj I Avwcj Dfq ˆÞGòB nvBGKvGUÆ cÉvKwUm KiGZ cviGZb
‰es DwKjiv ˆKej Avwcj welGq cÉvKwUm KiGZb| 1926 mvGji KvDw´Öj AÅvGÙi
gvaÅGg AÅvWGfvGKU ‰es DwKjG`i gaÅKvi ‰B cv^ÆGKÅi Aemvb NGU| cieZÆx mgGq
1965 mvGji wjMÅvj cÉvKwUkbvmÆ AÅv´£ evi KvDw´Öj AÅvGÙi gvaÅGg AÅvWGfvGKU
I AbÅvbÅ AvBb eÅemvqxG`i gGaÅ weivRgvb cv^ÆGKÅi wbimb KGi `yB ˆkÉYxi
AÅvWGfvGKU ZvwjKvfzwî×i weavb Kiv nq| ‰i ‰KwU ˆkÉYx nvBGKvUÆ ‰es AbÅiv
AaxbÕ© Av`vjZàwjGZ AvBb eÅemvi AwaKvi jvf KGib| ‰ AvBGb DwKj, ˆgvî×vi
I ivRÕ¼ ‰GR´Ÿ Awfav weGjvc KGi ‰G`i wbÁ² Av`vjGZi AÅvWGfvGKU c`we cÉ`vb
Kiv nq| wbÁ² Av`vjGZi ‰KRb AÅvWGfvGKU KGqK eQi AvBb eÅemvi ci nvBGKvGUÆ
AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe ZvwjKvfzî× nGZ cviGZb|
1972
mvj ˆ^GK evsjvG`k wjMÅvj cÉvKwUkbvmÆ AÅv´£ evi KvDw´Öj AWÆvi 1972-‰i
weavb AbymvGi AÅvWGfvGKUMY ZvwjKvfzî× nGq AvmGQb ‰es Dî× weavb «¼viv
ZvG`i KvhÆò×g wbqw¯¨Z nGœQ| ‰B AvG`Gki AaxGb AÅvWGfvGKUG`i wbeÆvwPZ
cÉwZwbwaG`i wbGq evsjvG`k evi KvDw´Öj MwVZ nq| evsjvG`Gki ‰UwbÆ ˆRbvGij
c`vwaKvi eGj evi KvDw´ÖGji ˆPqvigÅvb ^vGKb| evsjvG`k mywcÉg ˆKvUÆ A^ev AaxbÕ© Av`vjZàwjGZ
AvBb eÅemvi RbÅ evsjvG`k evi KvDw´Öj ˆhvMÅ eÅwî×G`i mb` cÉ`vb KGi ^vGK|
wbw`ÆÓ¡ wek¼we`Åvjq ˆ^GK AvBbkvGÕ¨ Õ²vZK wWwMÉ jvf A^ev eÅvwiÕ¡vi nIqvi
ci ˆKvb eÅwî× ‰KRb AÅvWGfvGKGUi `µ¦Gi 6 gvm wkÞvbwek wnGmGe KvR KGi
evi KvDw´ÖGji AÅvWGfvGKU ZvwjKvfzwî×i cixÞvq AskMÉnGYi ˆhvMÅZv ARÆb
KGib| ˆh AÅvWGfvGKGUi AaxGb wZwb wkÞvbwek ^vKGeb ZvGK KgcGÞ mvZ eQi
AvBb eÅemvi AwfæZv ‰es AbÅvbÅ cÉGqvRbxq ˆhvMÅZvmÁ·®² nGZ nGe| wjwLZ
cixÞvq cvGmi ci cÉv^ÆxGK ˆgŒwLK cixÞvqI DîxYÆ nGZ nq| ZvQvov evsjvG`Gki
wbÁ² Av`vjZàwjGZ AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe ZvwjKvfzwî×i RbÅ evi KvDw´Öj KZ‡ÆK
cÉwZwÓ¤Z wjMÅvj ‰WzGKkb AÅv´£ ˆUÇwbs BwbwÕ¡wUDU KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ evi fGKkbvj
ˆKvmÆ mÁ·®² KiGZ nq| ˆhGKvGbv wbÁ² Av`vjGZ AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe `y eQi
AvBb eÅemvi ci ˆKvb eÅwî× evsjvG`k mywcÉg ˆKvGUÆi nvBGKvUÆ wWwfkGbi
AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe ZvwjKvfzî× nIqvi ˆhvMÅZv ARÆb KGib, hw` AbÅvbÅ kZÆ
cƒiY mvGcGÞ evsjvG`k evi KvDw´Öj KZ‡ÆK H aiGbi AvBb eÅemvi kZÆ Zvi ˆÞGò
wkw^j Kiv bv nGq ^vGK| ZvwjKvfzwî×i RbÅ ‰ aiGbi ‰KRb cÉv^ÆxGK evi KvDw´Öj
KZ‡ÆK M†nxZ wjwLZ I ˆgŒwLK cixÞvq DîxYÆ nGZ nq|
nvBGKvUÆ
wefvGMi AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe cuvP eQi AvBb eÅemvi ci ˆKvb eÅwî× Avwcj wefvGMi
AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe ZvwjKvfzwî×i RbÅ evsjvG`Gki cÉavb wePvicwZi wbKU AvGe`b
KiGZ cvGib| Avwcj wefvGM KGqK eQi AvBb eÅemvGq Awfæ ‰KRb AÅvWGfvGKU
Avwcj wefvGMi wmwbqi AÅvWGfvGKU wnGmGe ZvwjKvfzî× nGZ cvGib|
[KvRx ‰ev`yj nK]