AjâvikvÕ¨  evsjv AjâvikvÕ¨ gƒjZ msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvGÕ¨iB AbyeZÆb| msÕ•‡GZ ‰GK mvwnZÅkvÕ¨ ev mvwnZÅZî½ bvGgI AwfwnZ Kiv nq| fviZeGlÆ msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvGÕ¨i PPÆv nGqGQ eüKvj AvGM ˆ^GKB| FG™¼G`  (wLËcƒ 2500-950) Dcgv, i…cK, DrGcÉÞv cÉf‡wZ AjâvGii cÉGqvM cvIqv hvq, wK¯§ ZLb c«¬wZMZfvGe AjâvikvGÕ¨i PPÆv nGZv wK-bv Zv Rvbv hvq bv; ‰gbwK AvjâvwiK AG^Æ Dcgvw` kGõi cÉGqvMI `†wÓ¡GMvPi nq bv| ZGe FG™¼G`  eÅvKiY AvGjvPbvi mƒGò ‘Dcgvb’ ev ‘`†Ó¡v¯¦’ AG^Æ ‘Dcgv’ kGõi DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq| ˆeG`vîi hyGM hvÕ•, cvwYwb, cZéwj, fZƆnwi cÉgyL gƒjZ eÅvKiGYi bvbv welq eÅvLÅv Kivi RbÅB ‘Dcgv’ kõwU eÅenvi KGiGQb| myZivs ˆm hyGM AjâvikvÕ¨ Q±`kvGÕ¨i gGZv c†^K kvÕ¨ wnGmGe MGo IGV wb|

fviZxq AjâvikvGÕ¨i ‰ hver cÉvµ¦ cÉvPxbZg Mɯ© nGœQ fiGZi bvUÅkvÕ¨| Mɯ©wU wLËÓ¡cƒeÆ cÉ^g ˆ^GK wLËÓ¡xq Z‡Zxq kZGKi gaÅeZÆx ˆKvb ‰K mgGq iwPZ nGqGQ eGj gGb Kiv nq| fiZ wQGjb gyLÅZ bvUÅkvÕ¨Kvi, ZvB Zuvi AvGjvPbvi gƒj welq wQj bvUK I Zvi AvbylwãK welq| ZGe cÉmãò×Gg wZwb evKÅ, evKÅwebÅvm, evGKÅi ˆ`vl, àY, Ajâvi, jÞY BZÅvw` ‰es k†ãvivw` AvU cÉKvi iGmi AvGjvPbvI KGiGQb|

fiGZi cieZÆx `yRb ˆkÉÓ¤ AvjâvwiK nGœQb KveÅv`kÆ cÉGYZv `íx (6Ó¤ kZK) ‰es  KveÅvjâvi  cÉGYZv fvgn (7g-8g kZK)| `íx Zuvi MÉG¯© KvGeÅi àY, agÆ I cÉKviGfG`i cvkvcvwk QwòkwU A^ÆvjâviI D`vniYmn AvGjvPbv KGiGQb| Zuvi gGZ AjâviB nGœQ KvGeÅi ˆmŒ±`hÆ-weavqK agÆ| AbÅw`GK fvgGni gGZ kõ I AG^Æi mg¯¼qB KveÅ| fvgGni cGi AvPvhÆ evgb (800-‰i KvQvKvwQ) mƒòvKvGi AjâvikvÕ¨ iPbv KGib ‰es wZwb wbGRB ‰i e†wî (eÅvLÅv) iPbv KGib| ‰RbÅ Zuvi MÉG¯©i bvg nq KveÅvjâvimƒòe†wî| evgGbi wePvGi ‘DcgvB’ cÉavb Ajâvi ‰es wZwb Zuvi MÉG¯© Dcgvi AvGjvPbv cÉmGãB AbÅvbÅ AjâvGii AvGjvPbv KGiGQb| wZwbB cÉ^g KvGeÅi Avñvi K^v eGjb|

AjâvikvGÕ¨i BwZnvGm ‰ici AvPvhÆ D«¿GUi (800-‰i KvQvKvwQ) bvg DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| Zuvi MÉG¯©i bvg KveÅvjâvimvimsMÉn| ZGe cieZÆxKvGji ˆkÉÓ¤ AvjâvwiK wnGmGe a»bÅvGjvK iPwqZv Avb±`eaÆGbi (9g kZK) bvg weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| Awfbe൦ (10g-11k) ‘ˆjvPb’ bvGg ‰i eÅvLÅv iPbv KGi LÅvwZ jvf KGib| wZwb AwfbefviZx bvGg fiGZi bvUÅkvGÕ¨i ‰KwU weLÅvZ fvlÅI iPbv KGib| Avb±`eaÆGbi ci AvjâvwiK wnGmGe LÅvwZ jvf KGib i‚`ËU (9g-10g)| Zuvi KveÅvjâvi AjâvikvGÕ¨i BwZnvGm ‰K AmvaviY Mɯ©| 

beg kZGKi ˆklw`GK Ajâvi ‰KwU wewkÓ¡ kvÕ¨ wnGmGe cÉwZÓ¤v jvf KGi ‰es ˆm mgGqi weLÅvZ AvjâvwiK nGœQb ivRGkLi| wZwb Zuvi KveÅgxgvsmv MÉG¯© AjâvikvÕ¨GK eGjGQb ‘mµ¦g ˆe`vã’; KviY wZwb ˆ`wLGqGQb, Ajâvi ˆeG`i  A^ÆwbYÆGq mnvqK| `kg-‰Kv`k kZGKi Avi ‰KRb weLÅvZ AvjâvwiK nGœQb Kz¯¦K| Zuvi eGò×vwî×Zî½ AjâvGii BwZnvGm ‰K weGkl Ae`vb| Zuvi MÉG¯©i bvg eGò×vwî×RxweZ|

‰Kv`k kZGKi ˆklfvM ˆ^GK «¼v`k kZGKi cÉ^gfvM chƯ¦ KveÅZî½ AvGjvPbvi ˆÞGò ÕÃiYxq nGœQb ˆÞGg±`Ê, ˆfvRivR, gÁÃUfë ‰es i‚`ËU| ˆÞGgG±`Êi JwPZÅwePviPPÆv, ˆfvRivGRi miÕ¼ZxK¥¤vfiY, gÁÃGUi KveÅcÉKvk ‰es i‚`ËGUi k†ãviwZjK ‰ mgGqi KGqKwU weLÅvZ Mɯ©| òGqv`k kZGKi AvjâvwiKG`i gGaÅ cÉavb nGœQb evM&fë (evM&fëvjâvi), RqG`e, we`Åvai I we`Åvbv^| PZz`Æk kZGKi AvjâvwiKiv nGœQb wmsnf„cvj, fvby`î I wek¼bv^ KweivR| wek¼bv^ KweivGRi mvwnZÅ`cÆY AjâvikvGÕ¨i BwZnvGm ‰KLvbv AZzjbxq Mɯ©| ‰GZ eü ˆkÉYxGf`mn QqwU kõvjâvi I cÉvq mîiwU A^ÆvjâvGii AvGjvPbv iGqGQ| ˆlvok kZGKi AvjâvwiKG`i gGaÅ KweKYÆcƒi I Aµ¸q`xwÞGZi bvg weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| mµ¦`k kZGK cwíZivR RM®²v^ (imMãvai) `íx I evgGbi ixwZcÉÕ©vbGK AjâvikvGÕ¨i weGePbvq cybtcÉwZwÓ¤Z KGi mvwnZÅvGjvPbvi avivGK e`Gj w`GqGQb|

AvPvhÆ evgb Kw^Z ‘KvGeÅi Avñv’ gZev` cieZÆxKvGj AjâvikvGÕ¨i gyLÅ welq nGq `uvovq| KvGeÅi Õ¼i…c wbYÆq KiGZ wMGq Zvi Avñv wK ‰ wbGq AvjâvwiKG`i gGaÅ gZGfG`i m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es ‰i Ici wfwî KGi AjâvikvGÕ¨i QqwU cÉÕ©vb ev mÁ·É`vq MGo IGV| ˆmMywj nGœQ: imcÉÕ©vb, AjâvicÉÕ©vb, MyYcÉÕ©vb, ixwZcÉÕ©vb, a»wbcÉÕ©vb ‰es eGò×vwî×RxweZcÉÕ©vb| imcÉÕ©vGbi cÉvPxbZg cÉeî×v AvPvhÆ fiZ| Zuvi gGZ imB KvGeÅi Avñv ev gƒj, im Qvov KveÅ nGZ cvGi bv| wZwb Zuvi MÉG¯© àY, Ajâvi I e†wîi wePvi KGi eGjGQb ‰Mywj KvGeÅi evnÅ welq, Av¯¦i welq nGœQ im| fiZ k†ãvi, nvmÅ, Ki‚Y, ˆiŒ`Ë, exi, fqvbK, exfrm I A«¿zZ ‰B AvU cÉKvi iGmi K^v eGjGQb| evKÅwebÅvGmi gvaÅGg hLb ‰i ˆh-ˆKvb ‰KwU iGmi D«¿e NGU ZLbB ZvGK KveÅ eGj| wek¼bv^ KweivR cÉavbZ ‰ gGZi mg^ÆK|

AjâvicÉÕ©vGbi cÉavb cÉeî×viv nGœQb fvgn, D«¿U I i‚`ËU| ‰uG`i gGZ AjâviB KvGeÅi gƒj, Ajâvi bv ^vKGj KvGeÅi ˆmŒ±`hÆ cÉÕ¹zwUZ nq bv, AjâvGii h^vh^ eÅenvGiB evKÅ KveÅgq nGq IGV| ‘Ajâvi’ kGõi gƒGj iGqGQ msÕ•‡Z ‘Ajg&’ kõ, hvi ‰KwU A^Æ ‘f„lY’| Ajâvi kGõi ‰B eyÅrcwîMZ A^Æ aGi Ajâviev`xiv eGjb, hvi «¼viv f„wlZ Kiv nq Zv-B Ajâvi| bvixG`Gni ˆmŒ±`hÆ-weavqK KUK-Kzíjvw`i mGã KvGeÅi AjâviGK Zzjbv KGi Zuviv eGjb: AbycÉvm, Dcgv, i…cK cÉf‡wZ AjâviB KvGeÅi ˆmŒ±`hÆ e†w«¬ KGi| AvPvhÆ `íxI ‰ gGZi mg^ÆK| Zuvi gGZ KvGeÅi ˆh-mgÕ¦ agÆ Zvi ˆkvfv mÁ·v`b KGi, Zv-B Ajâvi| ‰B ˆkvfv mÁ·v`Gbi welqwU evBGi ˆ^GK AvGivwcZ bq, Zv KvGeÅi Aãxf„Z ˆmŒ±`hÆ| ‰RbÅ evgb eGjGQb: ˆmŒ±`hÆg& Ajâvit  ˆmŒ±`hÆB Ajâvi| wZwb AviI eGjGQb: KveÅs MÉvnÅg& Ajâvivr  KveÅ AjâvGii KviGYB MÉvnÅ nq, A^vÆr Ajâvi AvGQ eGjB Zv cvVGKi KvGQ AvÕ¼v`bGhvMÅ nGq IGV| evGKÅi kõ I A^ÆGK AvfiYnxb bv ˆiGL ZvGK AjâvGi f„wlZ KiGjB Zv KvGeÅ i…cv¯¦wiZ nq| ‰RbÅ ‰LbI chƯ¦ AGbGK KveÅ ejGZ kõ I evGKÅi Ajâ‡Z cÉKvkGKB eyGS ^vGKb|

àYcÉÕ©vGbi cÉavb cÉeî×v AvPvhÆ `íx| wZwb AjâviGK eGjGQb KvGeÅi ˆkvfveaÆK, wK¯§ àYGK eGjGQb KvGeÅi Avñv| `íx Zuvi MÉG¯© ˆkÏl, cÉmv`, mgZv, gvayhÆ, A^ÆeÅwî×, IRt BZÅvw` `kwU àGYi K^v eGjGQb| Zuvi gGZ ‰K ev ‰KvwaK àGYi mgvGeGkB KveÅGZ½i m†wÓ¡ nq|

ixwZcÉÕ©vGbi cÉeî×v AvPvhÆ evgb eGjGQb: ixwZivñv KveÅmÅ, A^Ævr ixwZB nGœQ KvGeÅi Avñv| ixwZ ejGZ wZwb c`iPbvi c«¬wZGK eywSGqGQb| cÉavb c`ixwZ nGœQ wZbwU ˆMŒox, Še`fÆx I cvçvjx| evgGbi gGZ c`iPbvi PgrKvwiGZ½i dGjB KveÅGZ½i m†wÓ¡ nq|

a»wbcÉÕ©vGbi cÉeî×v nGœQb Avb±`eaÆb| Zuvi gGZ a»wb nGœQ KvGeÅi Avñv| a»wbev`xiv AekÅ AjâviGK mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe eRÆb KGib bv; ZGe Zuviv Ajâviev`xG`i gGZv AjâviGK KvGeÅi ewnivwãK welq gGb bv KGi eis KvGeÅi AweGœQ`Å Aã gGb KGib| Zuviv eGjb, Ajâvi KvGeÅi AvÕ¼v`b-ˆhvMÅZv evovq mZÅ, wK¯§ Zv KvGeÅi Avñv bq| gƒjZ im I i…c ‰B `yB mîv wbGqB KveÅ nGq IGV mÁ·ƒYÆ ‰es ‰ `ywUi gGaÅ iGqGQ AvR¯Ã AGœQ`Å (Organic) mÁ·KÆ| hG^vwPZ Ajâvi ˆhgb bvixi ˆmŒ±`hÆ e†w«¬ KGi, ˆZgwb hG^vwPZ Ajâvi KvGeÅiI ˆmŒ±`hÆ e†w«¬ KGi| ZGe a»wbev`xG`i gGZ ˆKej AjâvGii IciB KveÅZ½ wbfÆi KGi bv; Ajâ‡Z evKÅ ˆhgb KveÅ nq, ˆZgwb Abjâ‡Z evKÅI mv^ÆK KveÅ nGZ cvGi| Avevi, Ajâvi Ah^v^ÆfvGe eÅen…Z nGjI Zv KveÅ nq bv| myZivs KvGeÅi KveÅZ½ Ajâvi ^vKv bv-^vKvi Ici wbfÆi KGi bv; KveÅZ½ wbfÆikxj AbÅ wKQyi Ici, AjâvGii AwZwiî× wKQyi Ici| bvixi jveYÅ ˆhgb Zvi AãmsÕ©vb ev AjâvGii AwZwiî× AbÅ ˆKvb welq, ˆZgwb KvGeÅi KveÅZ½ kõ, A^Æ, Ajâvi ev iPbvixwZi AwZwiî× AbÅ ˆKvb welq| Avi ˆmB AwZwiî× welqB nGœQ a»wb, A^Ævr ‘a»wb’ nGœQ eÅébv ev cÉZxqgvb A^Æ| hv evGKÅi evPÅvG^Æi ˆPGq eÅãÅv^ÆGK cÉavb KGi ˆZvGj Zv-B a»wb| ‰B a»wb wZb cÉKvi  eÕ§a»wb, Ajâvia»wb I ima»wb| ‰àwji gGaÅ ima»wb cÉavb, KviY AbÅ `yB a»wbiI iGmB chÆemvb nq| Awfbe൦ a»wbevG`iB ‰KRb mg^ÆK wQGjb| 

eGò×vwî×cÉÕ©vGbi cÉeî×v nGœQb AvPvhÆ Kz¯¦K| wZwb eGò×vwî×GK KvGeÅi Avñv eGjGQb| eGò×vwî× nGœQ eî×vi K^v mwVK AG^Æ MÉnY bv KGi wf®² AG^Æ MÉnY Kiv ‰es ˆm Abyhvqx Dîi ˆ`Iqv| Kz¯¦GKi gGZ kõvG^Æi ‰B eò×Zvi dGjB KveÅGZ½i m†wÓ¡ nq ‰es Zv cvVKGK Avb±` ˆ`q|

msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvGÕ¨i DchÆyî× avivqB evsjv fvlvq KveÅwePvi ÷i‚ nq| ZGe ‰i BwZnvm Lye cyiGbv bq| cÉvPxb I gaÅhyMxq evsjv mvwnGZÅi cÉvPxbZg wb`kÆb nGœQ h^vò×Gg PhÆvc` (10g kZK) I kÉxK‡úKxZÆb (14k kZK)| wK¯§ H mgGq KveÅZî½welqK ˆKvb MÉG¯©i m®¬vb evsjv fvlvq cvIqv hvq bv, hw`I `ywU KvGeÅB kõvjâvi I A^ÆvjâvGii cÉPzi cÉGqvM iGqGQ| gãjKveÅ, Šeúe mvwnZÅ wKsev gaÅhyGMi AbÅvbÅ avivi LÅvwZgvb evOvwj KweG`i iPbvq KveÅmÁ·wKÆZ fvebvi wKwç`waK cwiPq cvIqv hvq| Zuviv ˆh AjâvikvGÕ¨ Awfæ wQGjb Zv ZuvG`i iPbvq kõvjâvi I A^ÆvjâvGii eÅenvi ˆ`GL mnGRB ˆevSv hvq| wK¯§ Zuviv msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvGÕ¨i ixwZ I ŠewPGòÅi evBGi Õ¼Z¯¨ ˆKvb AvjâvwiK aviv cÉwZwÓ¤Z KGib wb; nqGZv Zvi cÉGqvRbI Abyfe KGib wb| KviY msÕ•‡GZi mGã ZuvG`i wQj cÉvZÅwnK mÁ·KÆ ‰es we`ÅvwkÞvi ‰KwU eo Ask RyGo wQj msÕ•‡GZi evaÅZvgƒjK PPÆv| dGj msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvÕ¨GKB Zuviv evsjv fvlvq KveÅ iPbvi mgq cÉGqvM KGiGQb|

ZGe Õ¼vaxbfvGeI Zuviv KveÅwP¯¦vi ewntcÉKvk NwUGqGQb ZuvG`i iPbvi gaÅ w`Gq| ‰GÞGò gyKz±`ivg Pò×eZÆx, AvjvIj I fviZP±`Ê ivqàYvKGii bvg weGklfvGe DGÍÏLGhvMÅ| ŠeúeKweiv cÉvq mÁ·ƒYÆfvGeB msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvGÕ¨i Abymvix nGjI cÉGqvGMi ˆÞGò Zuviv ˆKv^vI ˆKv^vI Õ¼vZG¯¨Åi cwiPq w`GqGQb| Dwbk kZGKi cÉ^gw`GK g†ZzÅéq we`Åvjâvi, g`bGgvnb ZKÆvjâvi I jvjGgvnb we`Åvwbwa KveÅwePvGi mÁ·ƒYÆi…Gc msÕ•‡Z AjâvikvGÕ¨i Abymvix wQGjb| wK¯§ Zvici ˆ^GK cvøvZÅ mvwnGZÅi mGã mÁ·KÆ cÉvPÅ AjâvikvGÕ¨i AvwacZÅGK ò×gk ÞzY³ KiGZ ^vGK| eZÆgvGb cvøvZÅ mvwnZÅv`kÆB evOvwj mvwnwZÅKG`i KvGQ mgwaK RbwcÉq I AbymiYxq| myZivs AvaywbKKvGji KveÅv`kÆ cÉvPÅ I cvøvZÅ mvwnGZÅi msGkÏl I mg¯¼Gqi gvaÅGg ‰KwU bZzb cG^i w`GK avweZ| Ck¼iP±`Ê we`ÅvmvMi, gvBGKj gaymƒ`b `î, ewâgP±`Ê PGëvcvaÅvq, iex±`Êbv^ VvKzi, nicÉmv` kvÕ¨x, myGikP±`Ê mgvRcwZ, `xGbkP±`Ê ˆmb, cÉg^ ˆPŒayix, ey«¬G`e emy cÉgyL AvaywbK evOvwj mvwnwZÅK mvwnZÅPPÆvi ˆh Av`kÆ AbymiY KGiGQb Zv wQj cÉvPÅ-cvøvZÅ avivi mswgkÉY| eZÆgvb evsjv mvwnGZÅi Av`kÆI cƒeÆ-cwøGgi mvwnZÅZGî½i msGkÏGli gvaÅGg MGo IVv ‰K bZzb aviv|

ˆKvb evKÅ cvV Kivi mgq Zvi `ywU w`K cvVKGK AvK‡Ó¡ KGi: a»wb (Sound) I A^Æ (Sense)| ZvB kGõi a»wbi…c I A^Æi…Gci mGã mÁ·wKÆZ nGq cÉavbZ `yB aiGbi Ajâvi m†wÓ¡ nq| a»wbi…cGK AejÁ¼b KGi ˆh Ajâvi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK ejv nq kõvjâvi, Avi Zvi A^ÆGK ˆK±`Ê KGi m†Ó¡ AjâviGK ejv nq A^Ævjâvi|

kõvjâvi  ‰ ˆÞGò kõ ev a»wb wbqvgK wnGmGe KvR KGi| kGõi a»wbi…Gci wechÆq NUGj kõvjâvGii ˆKvb ZvrchÆ ^vGK bv| ˆhgb Rxebvb±` `vGki ‘Pzj Zvi KGeKvi A®¬Kvi wew`kvi wbkv’ ‰ cOwî×GZ ‘i’ a»wbi evievi DœPviGYi dGj ‰K aiGbi a»wbmvgÅ m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ, ˆh KviGY KweZvwU weGkl MÉnYGhvMÅZv jvf KGiGQ| ‰KB a»wbi ‰i…c cybive†wîi gvaÅGgB kõvjâvGii m†wÓ¡ nq| kõvjâvGii bvbv ˆkÉYxwefvM iGqGQ; Zvi gGaÅ cÉavb wefvMàwj nGœQ: AbycÉvm, hgK, eGò×vwî×, ˆkÏl I  cybi‚î×e`vfvm|

A^Ævjâvi  kGõi A^Æi…Gci mvnvGhÅ ˆh-mKj Ajâvi m†wÓ¡ nq ZvGK eGj A^Ævjâvi| A^ÆvjâvGi kõa»wb ˆMŒY, Zvi A^ÆB cÉavb| ‰RbÅ A^Æ wVK ˆiGL kõ e`Gj w`GjI A^ÆvjâvGii ˆKvb cwieZÆb nq bv| mvaviY jÞY Abyhvqx A^ÆvjâviGK cvuPfvGM fvM Kiv hvq| ˆmàwj nGœQ: mv`†kÅgƒjK, weGivagƒjK, k†›LjvgƒjK, bÅvqgƒjK I Mƒpv^ÆcÉZxwZgƒjK|

mv`†kÅgƒjK Ajâvi  mvaviYZ `ywU wf®² aiGbi welq ev eÕ§i gGaÅKvi ˆKvb mv`†GkÅi Ici wbfÆi KGi m†wÓ¡ nq| ˆhgb: ‘ˆgGqwU w`b w`b jZvi gZ ˆeGo DVGQ’  ‰LvGb ‘ˆgGqwU’ ‰es ‘jZv’ `ywU wf®²agÆx c`v^Æ nIqv mGî½I ZvG`i gGaÅ àYMZ mv`†GkÅi KviGY Zzjbv Kivq mv`†kÅgƒjK AjâvGii m†wÓ¡ nGqGQ| AvjâvwiK cwifvlvq ‰i bvg Dcgv| Dcgv, DrGcÉÞv, i…cK, AwZkGqvwî×, Acn×ywZ, mG±`n, wbøq, cÉwZeÕ¦„cgv, `†Ó¡v¯¦, wb`kÆbv, eÅwZGiK, övw¯¦gvb, mgvGmvwî×, cÉZxc cÉf‡wZ mv`†kÅgƒjK AjâvGii A¯¦fÆyî×|

weGivagƒjK Ajâvi  m†wÓ¡  nq `ywU c`vG^Æi AvcvZ weGivaGK AejÁ¼b KGi| ˆhgb: ‘eo hw` nGZ PvI, ˆQvU nI ZGe’ ‰LvGb AvcvZ weGePbvq ‘eo nIqv’ ‰es ‘ˆQvU nIqv’ ‰ `ywU welGqi gGaÅ cv^ÆKÅ ^vKGjI cÉK‡Z ˆKvb weGiva ˆbB| ZvB ‰wU weGivagƒjK AjâvGii D`vniY| weGivagƒjK AjâvGii gGaÅ weGklfvGe DGÍÏLÅ nGœQ weGivavfvm, wefvebv, weGkGlvwî×, AmãwZ I welg Ajâvi| 

k†›LjvgƒjK Ajâvi  nq evKÅMVGbi ˆÞGò evKÅvsGki k†›LjvGK AejÁ¼b KGi| ˆhgb: ‘ciGk Pvnwb Zvi, `†wÓ¡GZ PzÁ¼b/ Avi PzÁ¼Gb giY’  ‰LvGb ‘cik’i…c KviGYi KvR ‘Pvnwb’, ‘Pvnwb’ ev `†wÓ¡i…c KviGYi KvR PzÁ¼b Avi ‘PzÁ¼b’i…c KviGYi KvR g†ZzÅ| ‰ wZbwU evKÅvsGki gGaÅ ‰KUv k†›Ljv iwÞZ nGqGQ eGj ‰wU k†›LjvgƒjK AjâvGii `†Ó¡v¯¦| k†›LjvgƒjK AjâvGii gGaÅ cÉavb nGœQ KviYgvjv, ‰Kvewj I mvi|

bÅvqgƒjK Ajâvi  MGo IGV hLb ˆKvb eî×eÅ bÅvqmãZ mg^Æbmn DcÕ©vwcZ nq| ˆhgb: ‘‰ RMGZ nvq ˆmB ˆekx Pvq AvGQ hvi f„wi f„wi|/ ivRvi nÕ¦ KGi mgÕ¦ KvãvGji ab Pzwi\ ’  ‰LvGb cÉ^g PiGYi welqwU w«¼Zxq PiY «¼viv mgw^ÆZ nIqvq bÅvqgƒjK Ajâvi nGqGQ| bÅvqgƒjK AjâvGii gGaÅ cÉavb nGœQ  A^Æv¯¦ibÅvm I KveÅwjã|

Mƒpv^ÆcÉZxwZgƒjK Ajâvi   nq hLb mvaviY eî×GeÅi AvovGj AvGiKwU Mfxi A^Æ ^vGK| ˆhgb: ‘AwZ eo e†«¬ cwZ wmw«¬GZ wbcyY/ ˆKvb àY bvB Zvi KcvGj Avàb|’ ‰LvGb AvcvZ `†wÓ¡GZ wb±`v eySvGjI cÉK‡ZcGÞ wkGei cÉksmv Kiv nGqGQ| ZvB ‰LvGb Mƒpv^ÆcÉZxwZgƒjK Ajâvi nGqGQ| Mƒpv^ÆgƒjK AjâvGii gGaÅ cÉavb nGœQ eÅvRÕ§wZ I AcÉÕ§ZcÉksmv|

AvaywbKKvGj AmsLÅ cvøvZÅ Ajâvi evsjv KvGeÅ eÅen…Z nGZ ˆ`Lv hvq| ˆmàwji gGaÅ cÉavb nGœQ gGnvcgv (Epic Simile), a»wbe†î (Onomatopoeia), cive†wî (Chiasmus), AbyGjvg ev civKvÓ¤v (Climax), wbKlÆ (Anti-climax or Bathos), my-fvlY (Euphemism), wewPò-fvlY (Periphrasis), cGivÞ-fvlY (Litotes), eò×-fvlY (Innuendo), eò×vNvZ (Irony), cwiev` (Sarcasm), AbÅvmî× (Transferred Epithet), Av`Åve†wî (Epanaphora), A¯¦hyî× (Asyndeton), Awfhyî× (Polysyndeton), AbyK͸ (Metonym), cÉwZi…cK (Synecdoche), DwÍÏLb (Allusion), hy™Â (Zeugma), mGÁ¼vab (Apostrophe) cÉf‡wZ|

evsjv fvlvq iwPZ AjâvikvGÕ¨i KGqKwU DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Mɯ© nGjv: KveÅwePvi (myGi±`Êbv^ `vk൦), mvwnZÅ-gxgvsmv (weúzc` fëvPvhÆ), AjâviPw±`ÊKv (kÅvgvc` Pò×eZÆx), KveÅvGjvK (myaxiKzgvi `vk൦), im-mgxÞv (igviéb gyGLvcvaÅvq), Ajâvi-AG¯¼lv (bGib wek¼vm) BZÅvw`| ‰Qvov KwZcq msÕ•‡Z AjâviMÉG¯©i evsjv Abyev`I AjâvikvGÕ¨i cVbcvVGb eüjfvGe eÅen…Z nq| DGÍÏLGhvMÅ KGqKwU nGjv: bvUÅkvÕ¨ (myGikP±`Ê eG±`ÅvcvaÅvq), a»bÅvGjvK I ˆjvPb (myGevaP±`Ê ˆmb൦ I Kvjxc` fëvPvhÆ), KveÅgxgvsmv (bGM±`Êbv^ Pò×eZÆx), mvwnZÅ`cÆY (Ae¯¦xKzgvi mvbÅvj I wMix±`Ê PGëvcvaÅvq) BZÅvw`|  [Avgxbyi ingvb]

Mɯ©cwé  RxGe±`Ê wmsn ivq, evOjv Ajâvi, gWvbÆ eyK ‰GR´Öx, KjKvZv, 1964; kÅvgvc` Pò×eZÆx, Ajâvi Pw±`ÊKv (2q ms), Bw´£qvb AÅvGmvwmGqGUW cvewjwks ˆKvs, KjKvZv, 1967; AZzjP±`Ê àµ¦, KveÅwRævmv (3q ms), wek¼fviZx-Mɯ©vjq, KjKvZv, 1973; bGib wek¼vm, Ajâvi-AG¯¼lv, cybø, KjKvZv, 1996; SK De, History of Sanskrit Poetics, Luzac, London, 1925; PV Kane, History of Sanskrit Poetics, Motilal Banarsidass, 1971.